Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.3895/jaic.v10n2.14455
Leonardo Do Espirito Santo, Hyghor Miranda Côrtes, João Inácio da Silva Filho, Sergio Luiz Conceição Matos
—A L´ogica Paraconsistente (LP) vem sendo pesquisada para que seus algoritmos possam ser aplicados com ˆexito em diversos campos da ´area industrial. Entre estes campos, destacam-se: a rob´otica, a eletrˆonica, e controle de processos (que pode associar l´ogica com t´ecnicas convencionais de controle). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a implementac¸˜ao de um algoritmo denominado de N´o de An´alise Paraconsistente (NAP), em um Controlador Program´avel (CP), algoritmo este baseado nos princ´ıpios e fundamentos da L´ogica Paraconsistente Anotada com anotac¸˜ao de dois valores (LPA2v), que ´e um ramo da LP. Nesta implementac¸˜ao do algoritmo NAP, houve a aplicac¸˜ao direta deste em uma malha de controle real, cuja vari´avel controlada foi a vaz˜ao. Detalhando, o NAP foi implantado em uma unidade experimental, composta por: dois reservat´orios, transmissor de vaz˜ao, bomba, inversor de frequˆencia e software supervis´orio, onde foi poss´ıvel realizar o controle da vaz˜ao em tubulac¸˜ao entre os reservat´orios. Para tornar poss´ıvel o uso do NAP, foi criado um bloco funcional na programac¸˜ao do CP, denominado NAP PARACON, o qual recebeu o sinal de setpoint (SP) – correspondente ao valor de vaz˜ao desejado pelo operador na tubulac¸˜ao –, e o sinal da vari´avel de processo (VP), que representou a vaz˜ao medida na tubulac¸˜ao pelo transmissor de vaz˜ao. Assim, o bloco funcional 61131, n˜ao- Paraconsistente, Controle de vaz˜ao. Abstract —Paraconsistent logic (PL) algorithm applications have been researched for a successful implementation in various industries, including robotics, electronics, and process control (which might associate logic with conventional control tech-niques). The purpose of this study was to implement a paracon- sistent analyzer node (PAN) in a programmable controller (PC), based on annotated paraconsistent logic principles and funda- mentals with annotation of two values (PAL2v) — a branch of PL. The PAN algorithm was directly implemented in a real control loop on the flow rate variable. It was implemented in an experimental unit with two reservoirs, a flowmeter, a pump, a frequency inverter, and supervisor software to control the flow rate through a pipeline connecting both reservoirs. The PAN was made possible through a NAP PARACON functioning block programmed into the PC, which received a setpoint signal (equaling the desired flow rate through the pipeline) and the process variable (PV) signal representing the flow rate from the flowmeter. Thus, the NAP PARACON functioning block acted as a paraconsistent control system, receiving both input signals (SP and PV) and emitting an output signal to the frequency inverter, which controlled the pump speed, and consequently, the intended flow rate. The results obtained demonstrated reliable PAN algorithm behavior, similar to that of the proportional–integral–derivative algorithm, providing a new alternative for closed-loop processes, based on the paraconsistent control action. Th
{"title":"Um Sistema de Controle Utilizando Algoritmo NAP Aplicado a uma Unidade Experimental no Controle de Vazão","authors":"Leonardo Do Espirito Santo, Hyghor Miranda Côrtes, João Inácio da Silva Filho, Sergio Luiz Conceição Matos","doi":"10.3895/jaic.v10n2.14455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/jaic.v10n2.14455","url":null,"abstract":"—A L´ogica Paraconsistente (LP) vem sendo pesquisada para que seus algoritmos possam ser aplicados com ˆexito em diversos campos da ´area industrial. Entre estes campos, destacam-se: a rob´otica, a eletrˆonica, e controle de processos (que pode associar l´ogica com t´ecnicas convencionais de controle). Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a implementac¸˜ao de um algoritmo denominado de N´o de An´alise Paraconsistente (NAP), em um Controlador Program´avel (CP), algoritmo este baseado nos princ´ıpios e fundamentos da L´ogica Paraconsistente Anotada com anotac¸˜ao de dois valores (LPA2v), que ´e um ramo da LP. Nesta implementac¸˜ao do algoritmo NAP, houve a aplicac¸˜ao direta deste em uma malha de controle real, cuja vari´avel controlada foi a vaz˜ao. Detalhando, o NAP foi implantado em uma unidade experimental, composta por: dois reservat´orios, transmissor de vaz˜ao, bomba, inversor de frequˆencia e software supervis´orio, onde foi poss´ıvel realizar o controle da vaz˜ao em tubulac¸˜ao entre os reservat´orios. Para tornar poss´ıvel o uso do NAP, foi criado um bloco funcional na programac¸˜ao do CP, denominado NAP PARACON, o qual recebeu o sinal de setpoint (SP) – correspondente ao valor de vaz˜ao desejado pelo operador na tubulac¸˜ao –, e o sinal da vari´avel de processo (VP), que representou a vaz˜ao medida na tubulac¸˜ao pelo transmissor de vaz˜ao. Assim, o bloco funcional 61131, n˜ao- Paraconsistente, Controle de vaz˜ao. Abstract —Paraconsistent logic (PL) algorithm applications have been researched for a successful implementation in various industries, including robotics, electronics, and process control (which might associate logic with conventional control tech-niques). The purpose of this study was to implement a paracon- sistent analyzer node (PAN) in a programmable controller (PC), based on annotated paraconsistent logic principles and funda- mentals with annotation of two values (PAL2v) — a branch of PL. The PAN algorithm was directly implemented in a real control loop on the flow rate variable. It was implemented in an experimental unit with two reservoirs, a flowmeter, a pump, a frequency inverter, and supervisor software to control the flow rate through a pipeline connecting both reservoirs. The PAN was made possible through a NAP PARACON functioning block programmed into the PC, which received a setpoint signal (equaling the desired flow rate through the pipeline) and the process variable (PV) signal representing the flow rate from the flowmeter. Thus, the NAP PARACON functioning block acted as a paraconsistent control system, receiving both input signals (SP and PV) and emitting an output signal to the frequency inverter, which controlled the pump speed, and consequently, the intended flow rate. The results obtained demonstrated reliable PAN algorithm behavior, similar to that of the proportional–integral–derivative algorithm, providing a new alternative for closed-loop processes, based on the paraconsistent control action. Th","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131259898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.3895/jaic.v10n1.13402
José Henrique Roquette, S. N. Matos, M. M. D. Santos
Model-based design [MDB] is a well know and with high level of maturity methodology for develop and testing of automotive embedded systems. For the tools and technlogies available, it enables to build funcitionalities with high quality in which the tests need to be done to verify whether requirements are attended in all stages since functional model to code stage. As know as, we have a big dilema in how to define the case tests in the first stage of MBD so that can be deploy in the following stages. In addition to, the testing method shall be automated in order to provide a testing coverage and consequently a high quality of the software developed. Therefore, we present the applicability of behavior driven development for automotive software testing at the functional model level in MBD. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency o four method over a small case study of power window system which enables to be deployed in other automotive functionalities to be controlled.
{"title":"On the Applicability of Behavior Driven Development for Automotive Software Testing at the Functional Model Level","authors":"José Henrique Roquette, S. N. Matos, M. M. D. Santos","doi":"10.3895/jaic.v10n1.13402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/jaic.v10n1.13402","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based design [MDB] is a well know and with high level of maturity methodology for develop and testing of automotive embedded systems. For the tools and technlogies available, it enables to build funcitionalities with high quality in which the tests need to be done to verify whether requirements are attended in all stages since functional model to code stage. As know as, we have a big dilema in how to define the case tests in the first stage of MBD so that can be deploy in the following stages. In addition to, the testing method shall be automated in order to provide a testing coverage and consequently a high quality of the software developed. Therefore, we present the applicability of behavior driven development for automotive software testing at the functional model level in MBD. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficiency o four method over a small case study of power window system which enables to be deployed in other automotive functionalities to be controlled.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan Felipe Do Prado Pietrovski, Sérgio Luiz Alves Júnior
Until the end of 2019, only consumers who had a monthly average above 250 kWh/- month could join the White Tariff in Brazil, however, since January 1, 2020, there is no minimum consumption limitation required. This modality has different tariff values according to the consumption time range, which can bring savings of up to 14.17% in the electric bill at the end of the month if the consumer uses the energy service only during off-peak hours, and due to this possible economy, an increase in the number of customers is expected. However, it is common to question whether it is worth migrating, which depends on each consumption profile, since this modality can also increase the value of the monthly bill by up to 82.14%, if the consumer consumes energy only at peak hours, comparing the tariff values applied by Copel in June 2019. Using a typical residential energy consumption profile, the average is that the White Tariff is around 1.20% more expensive than the Conventional Tariff at the end of the month. Then, an electric energy meter was developed for the White Tariff, whose main objective is to indicate, at the end of a period, which method is more economically advantageous, the White Tariff or the Conventional Tariff, in a residence. The meter was developed based on the IC ADE7753, in which it performs several measurements, among them the active power. ESP82266 NodeMCU was also used to communicate with the IC, carry out the necessary calculations, and send the data to the IoT ThingSpeak platform, where it is possible to remotely monitor the results. The meter was developed to perform the analysis in a home serviced by a single-phase voltage of 127 V, where it was calibrated based on the PZEM-022 meter. In addition to the meter measuring active power, for the calculation of consumption, it also measures the power factor. The meter was on for 7 days in this residence, where residents maintained their common consumption routines. At the end of this period, the result was that the value of the White Tariff was about 0.81% above the value of the Conventional Tariff, indicating that for this residential unit, the migration is not economically worthwhile.
{"title":"Electricity consumption meter for the White Tariff and feasibility study of tariff migration to residence","authors":"Alan Felipe Do Prado Pietrovski, Sérgio Luiz Alves Júnior","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V9N1.14305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V9N1.14305","url":null,"abstract":"Until the end of 2019, only consumers who had a monthly average above 250 kWh/- month could join the White Tariff in Brazil, however, since January 1, 2020, there is no minimum consumption limitation required. This modality has different tariff values according to the consumption time range, which can bring savings of up to 14.17% in the electric bill at the end of the month if the consumer uses the energy service only during off-peak hours, and due to this possible economy, an increase in the number of customers is expected. However, it is common to question whether it is worth migrating, which depends on each consumption profile, since this modality can also increase the value of the monthly bill by up to 82.14%, if the consumer consumes energy only at peak hours, comparing the tariff values applied by Copel in June 2019. Using a typical residential energy consumption profile, the average is that the White Tariff is around 1.20% more expensive than the Conventional Tariff at the end of the month. Then, an electric energy meter was developed for the White Tariff, whose main objective is to indicate, at the end of a period, which method is more economically advantageous, the White Tariff or the Conventional Tariff, in a residence. The meter was developed based on the IC ADE7753, in which it performs several measurements, among them the active power. ESP82266 NodeMCU was also used to communicate with the IC, carry out the necessary calculations, and send the data to the IoT ThingSpeak platform, where it is possible to remotely monitor the results. The meter was developed to perform the analysis in a home serviced by a single-phase voltage of 127 V, where it was calibrated based on the PZEM-022 meter. In addition to the meter measuring active power, for the calculation of consumption, it also measures the power factor. The meter was on for 7 days in this residence, where residents maintained their common consumption routines. At the end of this period, the result was that the value of the White Tariff was about 0.81% above the value of the Conventional Tariff, indicating that for this residential unit, the migration is not economically worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115270461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brazil is the world leading producer and exporter of iron ore, mainly due to operations of VALE, a global mining company with several operations in the country, delivering iron, copper, manganese, and nickel ores. Those operations are located mainly in the Northern state of Pará, and in the Southeastern state of Minas Gerais. From 2014 to 2019, the company’s average yearly production of iron ore was about 342 million t/year. Most of such production was exported overseas, mainly to Asian and European countries.Mineral processing plants implement several stages of ore beneficiation, necessary to convert raw ore from the mines into ore products. Those plants comprise several processing facilities as crushing, screening, grinding, flotation, and others, which are operated by means of a plantwide digital control system, either SCADA- or DCS-based, using many process control loops.The most important process variable in a mineral processing plant is the ore mass flowrate, measured in t/h. The transportation of ore between mineral facilities is usually done by belt conveyors, and the ore flowrate is measured by a conveyor weigher (also known as dynamic weigher or belt scale), which is a heavy instrument assembled directly in the conveyor structure [18]. The conveyor weigher has two primary sensors: piezoelectric loading cells to sense the unit weight of material on the belt, in t/m; and an incremental encoder to sense the belt moving speed, in m/s. By combining the unity load and the belt speed measurements, the weigher computes the material flowrate, in t/h, with a typical precision of ±0.5% of its full measurement range. The ore flowrate in a conveyor is not defined by the belt speed, but by the speed of the feeder that discharges the ore on the conveyor belt. Therefore, by changing the feeder (actuator) speed it is possible to control the ore flowrate using its measurements provided by the conveyor weigher (sensor).This work describes the modeling and control of ore flowrate for the ore feeding system “RF-A” of the Fábrica Iron Ore Processing Plant, in the city of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, operated by VALE. The next section introduces the industrial process and the control problem.
{"title":"Regulatory Control of Mass Flowrate in an Ore Feeding System with Time-Delayed Gain-Variant Dynamics","authors":"Sidney Viana, Cairo Lúcio Nascimento Jr.","doi":"10.3895/jaic.v9n1.13569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/jaic.v9n1.13569","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is the world leading producer and exporter of iron ore, mainly due to operations of VALE, a global mining company with several operations in the country, delivering iron, copper, manganese, and nickel ores. Those operations are located mainly in the Northern state of Pará, and in the Southeastern state of Minas Gerais. From 2014 to 2019, the company’s average yearly production of iron ore was about 342 million t/year. Most of such production was exported overseas, mainly to Asian and European countries.Mineral processing plants implement several stages of ore beneficiation, necessary to convert raw ore from the mines into ore products. Those plants comprise several processing facilities as crushing, screening, grinding, flotation, and others, which are operated by means of a plantwide digital control system, either SCADA- or DCS-based, using many process control loops.The most important process variable in a mineral processing plant is the ore mass flowrate, measured in t/h. The transportation of ore between mineral facilities is usually done by belt conveyors, and the ore flowrate is measured by a conveyor weigher (also known as dynamic weigher or belt scale), which is a heavy instrument assembled directly in the conveyor structure [18]. The conveyor weigher has two primary sensors: piezoelectric loading cells to sense the unit weight of material on the belt, in t/m; and an incremental encoder to sense the belt moving speed, in m/s. By combining the unity load and the belt speed measurements, the weigher computes the material flowrate, in t/h, with a typical precision of ±0.5% of its full measurement range. The ore flowrate in a conveyor is not defined by the belt speed, but by the speed of the feeder that discharges the ore on the conveyor belt. Therefore, by changing the feeder (actuator) speed it is possible to control the ore flowrate using its measurements provided by the conveyor weigher (sensor).This work describes the modeling and control of ore flowrate for the ore feeding system “RF-A” of the Fábrica Iron Ore Processing Plant, in the city of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, operated by VALE. The next section introduces the industrial process and the control problem. ","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127759059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Carolina Arantes Araújo, J. Oliveira, J. Carvalho, Paulo Lamim
Os motores de inducao sao amplamente utilizados no setor industrial, principal razao o qual sua manutencao se tornou um tema relevante nas ultimas decadas. Diversas tecnicas de deteccao de falhas foram desenvolvidas em torno dessas maquinas. Neste artigo, tres tecnicas de demodulacao de sinais sao abordadas a fim de testar, comparar e apontar as incertezas que as cercam. Essas tecnicas sao a Transformada de Hilbert, a Empirical Demodulation e Fault Frequency Highlighting . Aplicando-as nos sinais de corrente a fim de detectar o defeito de barra quebrada em motores de inducao foi possivel analisar o comportamento das respostas obtidas e das situacoes de falso negativo ou positivo, principalmente em baixo escorregamento.
{"title":"A Incerteza ao Detectar Falha de Barra Quebrada em Baixo, Médio e Nominal Escorregamento","authors":"Ana Carolina Arantes Araújo, J. Oliveira, J. Carvalho, Paulo Lamim","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V9N2.13593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V9N2.13593","url":null,"abstract":"Os motores de inducao sao amplamente utilizados no setor industrial, principal razao o qual sua manutencao se tornou um tema relevante nas ultimas decadas. Diversas tecnicas de deteccao de falhas foram desenvolvidas em torno dessas maquinas. Neste artigo, tres tecnicas de demodulacao de sinais sao abordadas a fim de testar, comparar e apontar as incertezas que as cercam. Essas tecnicas sao a Transformada de Hilbert, a Empirical Demodulation e Fault Frequency Highlighting . Aplicando-as nos sinais de corrente a fim de detectar o defeito de barra quebrada em motores de inducao foi possivel analisar o comportamento das respostas obtidas e das situacoes de falso negativo ou positivo, principalmente em baixo escorregamento.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128576313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriano Kossoski, F. C. Corrêa, Â. Tusset, J. Balthazar
This study aims to present a PI-Fuzzy and PID-Fuzzy design to control the position while maintaining the balance of an inverted pendulumsystem. This type of system is well known for its challenge in carrying out the control and its similarities and applications in other systems, such as transport vehicles and robots. Thus, being a famous and important system to be used as a control benchmark. Nonlinear dynamic equations for the inverted pendulum where obtained through the Lagrange formulation. An adaptive PI-Fuzzy and PID-Fuzzy controller was designed and implemented on the nonlinear model. The final results demonstrate a great increase in performance, both on displacement and dynamics balance, when compared to the classic PI and PID controllers, especially when in the presence of parametric changes in the system
{"title":"PID-Fuzzy control design for a nonlinear inverted pendulum","authors":"Adriano Kossoski, F. C. Corrêa, Â. Tusset, J. Balthazar","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V9N1.13589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V9N1.13589","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to present a PI-Fuzzy and PID-Fuzzy design to control the position while maintaining the balance of an inverted pendulumsystem. This type of system is well known for its challenge in carrying out the control and its similarities and applications in other systems, such as transport vehicles and robots. Thus, being a famous and important system to be used as a control benchmark. Nonlinear dynamic equations for the inverted pendulum where obtained through the Lagrange formulation. An adaptive PI-Fuzzy and PID-Fuzzy controller was designed and implemented on the nonlinear model. The final results demonstrate a great increase in performance, both on displacement and dynamics balance, when compared to the classic PI and PID controllers, especially when in the presence of parametric changes in the system","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115706666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a systematic and critical review about applications involving implantable electromyography in the last fifteen years. For the survey of these articles, several databases were investigated in order to provide a more variable consult. The more critical information was extracted and highlighted during this present study. This data have been used for the construction of a comparison table. The results of this table are used to make comparisons between the different approaches used and to identify the parameters and technologies which have demonstrated better results. These analyses and comparisons can be used to assist in the definition of new approaches to be developed.
{"title":"A critical review of techniques in power and data transmission for implantable EMG","authors":"Eduardo F. A. Braga, D. P. Campos","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V8N1.11293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V8N1.11293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a systematic and critical review about applications involving implantable electromyography in the last fifteen years. For the survey of these articles, several databases were investigated in order to provide a more variable consult. The more critical information was extracted and highlighted during this present study. This data have been used for the construction of a comparison table. The results of this table are used to make comparisons between the different approaches used and to identify the parameters and technologies which have demonstrated better results. These analyses and comparisons can be used to assist in the definition of new approaches to be developed.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114728985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diversas abordagens tem sido exploradas para ensinar os principais metodos de discretizacao de sistemas continuos. Uma alternativa interessante para ensinar estes metodos pode ser realizada atraves do projeto de controladores Proporcional-Integral-Derivativos (PID). Esta investigacao propoe uma analise comparativa de diferentes formas discretas do controlador PID. Inicialmente, sao apresentados os aspectos teoricos dos metodos de discretizacao e das estruturas tipicas do controlador PID na sua forma paralela e com o elemento derivativo na realimentacao (PI-D). Posteriormente, foram realizadas simulacoes dos controladores digitais e suas diferentes implementacoes. Finalmente, os algoritmos discretos de PID foram embarcados em uma plataforma contendo um microcontrolador ARM® Cortex®-M4 de baixo custo. Os resultados indicam importantes ganhos educacionais demonstrando que o controlador em tempo real PI-D discretizado utilizando aproximacao retangular para a frente para o termo integrativo e a regra retangular para tras para o termo derivado representa o melhor compromisso entre custo computacional e estabilidade.
{"title":"Ensinando Métodos de Discretização para Projeto de Sistemas de Controle: Comparação de Controladores PID em Sistemas Embarcados","authors":"F. C. Conceição, W. Beccaro, J. F. Justo","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V7N2.10197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V7N2.10197","url":null,"abstract":"Diversas abordagens tem sido exploradas para ensinar os principais metodos de discretizacao de sistemas continuos. Uma alternativa interessante para ensinar estes metodos pode ser realizada atraves do projeto de controladores Proporcional-Integral-Derivativos (PID). Esta investigacao propoe uma analise comparativa de diferentes formas discretas do controlador PID. Inicialmente, sao apresentados os aspectos teoricos dos metodos de discretizacao e das estruturas tipicas do controlador PID na sua forma paralela e com o elemento derivativo na realimentacao (PI-D). Posteriormente, foram realizadas simulacoes dos controladores digitais e suas diferentes implementacoes. Finalmente, os algoritmos discretos de PID foram embarcados em uma plataforma contendo um microcontrolador ARM® Cortex®-M4 de baixo custo. Os resultados indicam importantes ganhos educacionais demonstrando que o controlador em tempo real PI-D discretizado utilizando aproximacao retangular para a frente para o termo integrativo e a regra retangular para tras para o termo derivado representa o melhor compromisso entre custo computacional e estabilidade.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O presente artigo trata de um sistema de supervisao e controle em malha fechada (MF) de um tunel de vento utilizado para ensaios de micro turbinas eolicas. O duto possui aproximadamente 3,0 m de diâmetro por 4,8 m de comprimento. A helice da Multi-Wing R possui 8 pas e possui 2,7 m de diâmetro. O acionamento da helice e realizado por um motor a combustao 1.6 Renault com 106 CV (etanol) de potencia. O sistema de supervisao foi implementado com o software Labview R que se comunica com um microcontrolador ATMega (Arduino UNO) que executa um programa de controle PID (Proporcional Integral Derivativo). O programa do microcontrolador recebe a informacao da velocidade do vento ajustado ( set point ) na tela de supervisao do computador e compara com a velocidade do vento medido na saida do tunel de vento atraves de um anemometro de precisao da Thies R . O sinal de controle resultante ira atuar no aceleramento ou desaceleramento do motor a combustao e consequentemente na velocidade do vento produzida rastreando o “ set point ”. Resultados experimentais sao apresentados com as velocidades dos ventos obtidos com o sistema automatico.
{"title":"Sistema de Supervisão e Controle de Túnel de Vento para Ensaios de Micro Turbinas Eólicas","authors":"Maro Jinbo, Eduardo Luiz Todero, Edson Vidal, Deiwis Lellis Hoss, Douglas Santacatarina","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V7N2.9104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V7N2.9104","url":null,"abstract":"O presente artigo trata de um sistema de supervisao e controle em malha fechada (MF) de um tunel de vento utilizado para ensaios de micro turbinas eolicas. O duto possui aproximadamente 3,0 m de diâmetro por 4,8 m de comprimento. A helice da Multi-Wing R possui 8 pas e possui 2,7 m de diâmetro. O acionamento da helice e realizado por um motor a combustao 1.6 Renault com 106 CV (etanol) de potencia. O sistema de supervisao foi implementado com o software Labview R que se comunica com um microcontrolador ATMega (Arduino UNO) que executa um programa de controle PID (Proporcional Integral Derivativo). O programa do microcontrolador recebe a informacao da velocidade do vento ajustado ( set point ) na tela de supervisao do computador e compara com a velocidade do vento medido na saida do tunel de vento atraves de um anemometro de precisao da Thies R . O sinal de controle resultante ira atuar no aceleramento ou desaceleramento do motor a combustao e consequentemente na velocidade do vento produzida rastreando o “ set point ”. Resultados experimentais sao apresentados com as velocidades dos ventos obtidos com o sistema automatico.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126973703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. B. Freitas, Wesley La Banca Freitas, S. Stevan Jr.
This work presents the development of a goniometer prototype to measure the knee joint angle. Three Hall effect sensors positioned at 120o to each other were used, together with a rectangular edge magnet positioned externally to these sensors. It was described the entire process of characterizing the sensors within the system, besides the structure of the goniometer. As a result, angles were measured from 0o to 140o, with a maximum measurement error of 1.015o. Finally, it was concluded that the prototype made it possible to measure the angles at the proposed values, in addition to bringing several proposals for system improvements for future work, such as the positioning of the sensors, improving the angle validation structure, among others.
{"title":"Knee Joint Goniometer Prototype using Hall Effect Sensors","authors":"M. L. B. Freitas, Wesley La Banca Freitas, S. Stevan Jr.","doi":"10.3895/JAIC.V7N1.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3895/JAIC.V7N1.12522","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the development of a goniometer prototype to measure the knee joint angle. Three Hall effect sensors positioned at 120o to each other were used, together with a rectangular edge magnet positioned externally to these sensors. It was described the entire process of characterizing the sensors within the system, besides the structure of the goniometer. As a result, angles were measured from 0o to 140o, with a maximum measurement error of 1.015o. Finally, it was concluded that the prototype made it possible to measure the angles at the proposed values, in addition to bringing several proposals for system improvements for future work, such as the positioning of the sensors, improving the angle validation structure, among others.","PeriodicalId":346963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Instrumentation and Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132977991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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