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Interview to Stanley Johnson 斯坦利·约翰逊访谈
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-misi
D. Milizia, A. Silletti
The Editors of this volume were keen to discuss with Stanley Johnson some past, present and future core issues around Brexit and how the UK has handled the coronavirus pandemic. The interview started in May 2021 during a conference on the platform Microsoft Teams, titled “Post-Brexit political discourse at the time of COVID-19”, of which the Department of Political Science at the University of Bari Aldo Moro holds the video. Two years on, we asked our guest to continue the interview and give us some updates, after the several events that have occurred in the UK and in the world. The Editors want to thank Stanley Johnson for accepting a few more questions. The second set of questions was answered in writing in April 2023.
本卷的编辑们热衷于与斯坦利·约翰逊讨论有关英国脱欧的一些过去、现在和未来的核心问题,以及英国如何应对冠状病毒大流行。采访开始于2021年5月,在微软团队平台上举行的题为“COVID-19时期英国脱欧后的政治话语”的会议上,巴里奥尔多莫罗大学政治学系持有该会议的视频。两年过去了,在英国和世界上发生了几起事件之后,我们请我们的嘉宾继续采访,并给我们一些最新的消息。编辑们要感谢斯坦利·约翰逊接受了更多的问题。第二组问题在2023年4月以书面形式得到了回答。
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引用次数: 0
Le Pacte vert pour l'Europe et les termes de la relance. Étude linguistique de deux corpus français et italien 欧洲绿色协议和复苏条款。法语和意大利语语料库的语言学研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-serg
Gabriella Serrone
This paper identifies, considers and develops the innovations introduced by the European Green Deal, the EU Commission’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect the environment. It is a linguistic study that highlights how this plan is presented and described, the terms that indicate the ecological policy being pursued and their connotations in context. By observing and analysing two corpora of articles from the French and Italian-language press, the most salient aspects and their interpretation can be identified, in order to better assess their ideological significance.
本文确定、考虑并发展了欧盟委员会减少温室气体排放和保护环境的计划“欧洲绿色协议”所引入的创新。这是一项语言学研究,强调了该计划是如何提出和描述的,表明所追求的生态政策的术语及其在上下文中的内涵。通过观察和分析法语和意大利语报刊上的两个文章语料库,可以确定最突出的方面及其解释,以便更好地评估它们的意识形态意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Cost-of-Living Crisis in the UK: An Economy on the Edge 英国的生活成本危机:一个处于边缘的经济体
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-ellm
Marion Ellison
This chapter examines the economic, social and environmental conditions underlying the cost-of-living crisis and its impact on social and health inequalities in the UK. This examination adopts a theoretical approach based upon social ecological economics premised on the view that economic, social, and environmental conditions are interactive and interdependent. The chapter provides an analysis of key factors underpinning the cost-of-living crisis in the UK, including, the UK’s departure from the European Union, the Covid-19 pandemic, the ecological implications of climate change and th e conflict in Ukraine. The central argument of the chapter is that the impact of the cost-of-living crisis on the profile and depth of poverty and health inequalities in distinct societies is shaped by the economic, social, and environmental circumstances that people experience during infancy, childhood development, employment, environment, and ageing. These circumstances are forged within a broader set of forces and systems including distinct economic policies and systems, political systems and social, health, educational, environmental policies. These specificities are critical to understanding the impact of broader global factors on the cost of living within distinct societal contexts. A central finding of the chapter is that whilst a range of global factors have contributed to the cost-of-living crisis in the UK, a substantive body of economic analysis conducted during 2021 and 2022 clearly evidences that the cost-of-living crisis in the UK has been significantly worsened by the economic and labour market impacts of the UK’s departure from the European Union.
本章探讨了生活费用危机背后的经济、社会和环境条件及其对联合王国社会和健康不平等的影响。本研究采用基于社会生态经济学的理论方法,其前提是经济、社会和环境条件是相互作用和相互依存的。本章分析了导致英国生活成本危机的关键因素,包括英国脱离欧盟、新冠肺炎大流行、气候变化对生态的影响以及乌克兰冲突。本章的中心论点是,生活费用危机对不同社会中贫穷和健康不平等的轮廓和深度的影响是由人们在婴儿期、儿童期发育、就业、环境和老龄化期间所经历的经济、社会和环境情况决定的。这些情况是在一系列更广泛的力量和制度中形成的,包括不同的经济政策和制度、政治制度和社会、卫生、教育、环境政策。这些特点对于理解不同社会背景下更广泛的全球因素对生活成本的影响至关重要。本章的一个中心发现是,虽然一系列全球因素导致了英国的生活成本危机,但在2021年和2022年期间进行的大量经济分析清楚地表明,英国的生活成本危机已因英国脱离欧盟的经济和劳动力市场影响而显著恶化。
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引用次数: 0
La risposta dell'Unione europea all'invasione dell'Ucraina tra condanna della condotta russa e solidarietà alla popolazione ucraina 欧洲联盟对乌克兰入侵的反应包括谴责俄罗斯的行为和声援乌克兰人民
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-dicv
Valeria Di Comite
This paper deals with the reaction of the European Union to the conflict caused by the Russian aggression on Ukraine. On one side, it analyzes the EU restrictive measures adopted up to June 2022 in order to push Russia to change its conduct. On the other side it examines the action of the EU in favor of people fleeing Ukraine. It particularly focuses on EU Decision 382/2022 which establishes the temporary protection to displaced persons. The analysis of these two different aspects has the objective to show the position of the European Union in this conflict.
本文论述了欧盟对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰所引起的冲突的反应。一方面,分析了欧盟到2022年6月为止为迫使俄罗斯改变其行为而采取的限制性措施。另一方面,它审查了欧盟支持逃离乌克兰的人的行动。它特别关注欧盟第382/2022号决定,该决定规定了对流离失所者的临时保护。对这两个不同方面的分析旨在表明欧洲联盟在这场冲突中的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Le iniziative internazionali e dell'UE rispetto ai crimini compiuti nella guerra in Ucraina 关于乌克兰战争罪行的国际和欧盟倡议
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-nale
E. Nalin
The present article analyses the International Community and the EU initiatives to prosecute the international crimes allegedly committed in the Russian-Ukrainian war, taking into particular account the role of the International Criminal Court and the proposals to establish an international ad hoc mechanism to prosecute the crime of aggression against Ukraine. Since aggression is “a leadership crime”, this raises the issue whether immunity from criminal jurisdiction provided by international customary law for Heads of State, Heads of Government and Ministries of Foreign Affairs, extends to the commission of international crimes, so to preclude the exercise of jurisdiction over Putin.
本文分析了国际社会和欧盟起诉据称在俄罗斯-乌克兰战争中犯下的国际罪行的倡议,特别考虑到国际刑事法院的作用和建立起诉侵略乌克兰罪行的国际特设机制的建议。由于侵略是"领导犯罪",这就提出了一个问题,即国际习惯法为国家元首、政府首脑和外交部提供的刑事管辖豁免是否也适用于国际犯罪,从而排除对普京行使管辖权。
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引用次数: 0
Les "petites phrases" de la campagne présidentielle de Marine Le Pen: quel type d'information? 马琳·勒庞总统竞选中的“小短语”:什么样的信息?
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-sila
Alida Maria Silletti
This research deals with the electoral campaign for 2022 presidential elections in France. Starting from the distinction between the French expressions “mésinformation”, “désinformation” and “information malveillante”, it aims at analysing Marine Le Pen’s argumentation during her campaign and the type of information which is spread via social media, namely Twitter. In particular, attention will be paid to a video published in the Twitter counter-profile “Sans lui” in order to examine its sound bites. Methodological framework is based on the analysis of digital discourse (Paveau 2016; Lacaze 2021, among others) and on French political and media discourse (Krieg-Planque 2009, 2011; Amossy 2014; Charaudeau 2020, 2022; Maingueneau 2021; Wahnich 2022, among others). The results of this analysis show that sound bites used by Marine Le Pen mostly express disinformation and malevolent information. This result is in line with populist rhetoric by Marine Le Pen and her party and, more in general, with the “crisis of truth” (Charaudeau 2020) that characterizes contemporary times.
这项研究涉及2022年法国总统选举的竞选活动。从法语表达“msamsinformation”、“dsamsinformation”和“information malveillante”的区别出发,旨在分析马琳·勒庞在竞选期间的论点,以及通过社交媒体(即Twitter)传播的信息类型。特别要注意的是,在推特上发布的一个视频“Sans lui”,以检查其声音片段。方法论框架基于对数字话语的分析(Paveau 2016;Lacaze 2021等)和法国政治和媒体话语(Krieg-Planque 2009, 2011;Amossy 2014;Charaudeau 2020、2022;Maingueneau 2021;Wahnich 2022等)。分析结果显示,马琳·勒庞使用的声音片段大多表达了虚假信息和恶意信息。这一结果符合马琳·勒庞及其政党的民粹主义言论,更普遍地说,符合当代特征的“真相危机”(Charaudeau 2020)。
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引用次数: 0
La Conferenza sul futuro dell'Europa: le prospettive di riforma dell'Unione europea secondo i cittadini e la loro (difficile) attuazione 关于欧洲未来的会议:根据公民及其(困难)执行情况改革欧洲联盟的前景
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-roma
Anna Maria Romito
This article illustrates the proposals of reform of the EU that emerged from the debate within the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFE), questioning the success of what has been described as the largest experiment in pan-European democratic consultation. Consistent with the principles of inclusivity, openness and transparency, the Conference was intended as a ‘bottom-up’ process for citizens to express their opinion on what they expect from the European Union for the future. After describing its hybrid architecture, which combines citizens’ participation and inter-institutional negotiations, the proposals made by citizens on the topics subject to consultation are shortly illustrated and the difficulties in their full implementation are highlighted. This examination leads to some critical remarks on the unprecedented process of deliberative democracy.
本文阐述了欧洲未来会议(CoFE)内部辩论中出现的欧盟改革建议,质疑被称为泛欧民主协商中最大实验的成功。与包容、开放和透明的原则相一致,会议旨在作为一个“自下而上”的过程,让公民就他们对欧盟未来的期望表达意见。在描述了公民参与和机构间谈判相结合的混合架构之后,简要说明了公民就需要协商的主题提出的建议,并强调了全面实施这些建议的困难。这种审查导致了对前所未有的协商民主进程的一些批评。
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引用次数: 0
"Facts, not Fear": Islamophobia, Coronaphobia and the Language of Fear “事实,而不是恐惧”:伊斯兰恐惧症,冠状病毒恐惧症和恐惧的语言
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-delm
Marisa Della Gatta
The world is currently living in a time in which crises are at the doorstep. The primary scope of this study is to shed some light on the role of fear and extremist discourses during security threats. Islamist terrorism and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic are frames for evaluating the responses of Islamophobia and Coronaphobia. The use of fear in politics has been convincingly linked by Wodak (2021) with extreme rhetoric and the refusal to conform to any value-normative model or stereotype. This article argues that extreme and divisive discourses surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic have not substituted fears of “otherness” (van Dijk 2009), but rather have created a new dimension of fearing the unknown. Looking for communalities between Coronaphobic and Islamophobic discourses, this study undertakes a corpus-based discourse analysis (Baker 2006; Gee 2011) of online reports and instances of fear and extremist speech on traditional and social media, Facebook and Twitter (Zappavigna 2012). First, this article provides a background of representations of hateful and fearful rhetoric with the aim of evaluating differences and similarities in online reports, speeches, press releases and social media posts. A diachronic analysis of a self-compiled collection of texts containing an extremist and/or phobic stance, with a special focus on Australia, follows. The study can foster the understanding of the interplay between fear and insecurity.
目前,世界正生活在一个危机近在咫尺的时代。本研究的主要范围是阐明恐惧和极端主义话语在安全威胁中的作用。伊斯兰恐怖主义和Covid-19大流行的爆发是评估伊斯兰恐惧症和冠状病毒恐惧症反应的框架。Wodak(2021)令人信服地将恐惧在政治中的使用与极端修辞和拒绝遵守任何价值规范模型或刻板印象联系在一起。本文认为,围绕Covid-19大流行的极端和分裂言论并没有取代对“他者”的恐惧(van Dijk 2009),而是创造了对未知的恐惧的新维度。为了寻找冠状恐惧症和伊斯兰恐惧症话语之间的共性,本研究进行了基于语料库的话语分析(Baker 2006;(Gee 2011)传统媒体和社交媒体,Facebook和Twitter上的恐惧和极端主义言论的在线报告和实例(Zappavigna 2012)。首先,本文提供了仇恨和恐惧言论表达的背景,目的是评估网络报道、演讲、新闻稿和社交媒体帖子的异同。以下是对包含极端主义和/或恐怖主义立场的自编文本集的历时分析,特别关注澳大利亚。这项研究可以促进对恐惧和不安全感之间相互作用的理解。
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引用次数: 0
L'Europa e il mondo in un contesto di crisi multiple e multiformi 欧洲和世界面临着多种多样的危机
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-intr
Denise Milizia, A. Silletti
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引用次数: 0
Political Polarization and the Coronavirus Pandemic in the United States 美国的政治两极分化和冠状病毒大流行
Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.7359/097-2023-olsl
Laura R. Olson
This chapter examines the effects of political orientation, right-wing media usage, and direct experience with the Covid-19 virus on people’s perceptions of the virus’s seriousness and their assessments of President Donald Trump’s handling of the crisis. Using survey data from the Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel, I show that strong partisanship (being a liberal Democrat or, especially, a conservative Republican) polarizes public opinion concerning the seriousness of Covid-19 and Trump’s job performance. Increased reliance has a similar effect, but direct experience with the virus itself has little impact on these attitudes. My analyses illuminate the fact that people in the United States today exist in two separate political echo chambers, and that these divisions are having life-and-death ramifications.
本章探讨了政治取向、右翼媒体使用以及与Covid-19病毒的直接经历对人们对病毒严重性的看法以及对唐纳德·特朗普总统处理危机的评估的影响。根据皮尤研究中心美国趋势小组的调查数据,我表明,强烈的党派关系(作为自由民主党人,尤其是保守派共和党人)使公众对Covid-19的严重性和特朗普的工作表现的看法两极分化。增加依赖也有类似的效果,但直接接触病毒本身对这些态度影响不大。我的分析阐明了这样一个事实,即今天的美国人生活在两个不同的政治回音室中,而这些分歧正在产生生死攸关的后果。
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引用次数: 0
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Colloquium
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