Advances in Mind-Body Medicine最新文献

Background: Mind-Body Medicine (MBM) is an integrative healthcare approach that employs practices such as meditation, yoga, biofeedback, and Tai Chi to promote well-being. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in MBM to offer data-driven, real-time, and adaptive interventions. While the impact of AI on diagnostics and treatment in healthcare is well documented, its efficacy and challenges in MBM are less studied.

Objective: This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of AI-based MBM interventions in improving mental and physiological health outcomes, compares AI-based MBM with traditional MBM interventions, compares the performance of different AI models in MBM interventions, and identifies data privacy challenges, AI explainability, and ethical concerns in AI-based MBM interventions.

Methods: The literature search was conducted across five major academic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed journal articles on AI-based MBM interventions with quantitative health outcomes in stress levels, heart rate variability (HRV), electroencephalography (EEG) activity, anxiety, or depression were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Cohen's d to determine effect sizes, and statistical heterogeneity was estimated using I² statistics.

Results: 15 studies were selected for final analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. AI-based MBM interventions were found to significantly improve both mental and physiological health outcomes, such as cortisol levels, anxiety and depression scores, HRV, and EEG alpha wave activity. Although AI-assisted MBM was found to outperform the traditional approach in personalization, engagement, and adherence rate, concerns exist about data privacy, algorithmic bias, AI explainability, and user trust issues. Furthermore, AI-driven interventions showed variability in effectiveness depending on the training datasets, with a potential risk of bias in AI-generated recommendations.

Conclusion: AI-driven MBM interventions have immense scope in upgrading classic mind-body techniques by delivering truly personalized, adaptive, and timely interventions. However, further research and consideration are warranted to overcome ethical concerns and biases.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Mind-Body Medicine, Holistic Health, Biofeedback, Meditation, Yoga, Tai Chi.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome is a group of interrelated physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and overall mortality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of naturopathy and yogic interventions on vitality and metabolic responses in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This study is a single-center randomized controlled trial conducted at the Nature Cure and Yoga Centre in Karnataka state of Southern India. 76 Participants diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention (n=38) or control group (n=38). The intervention group received intensive naturopathy and yoga treatments for 10 days, while the control group was not provided with any specific interventions. Primary outcomes were assessed through measurements of heart rate variability, blood pressure, lipid profile, anthropometric data, a vitality questionnaire (by Ryan and Frederick, 1997), and the Framingham Risk Score conducted at baseline and after 10 days of intervention.

Results: The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose compared to the control group (P < .05). Furthermore, participants in the intervention group reported increased vitality (P < .05) compared to the control group. Also, vitality scores showed a positive correlation with SDRR (ρ = -0.38, P = .02) and negative correlation with HR (ρ = -0.35, P = .04) and FRS (ρ = -0.3, P = .01).

Conclusion: Naturopathy and yoga significantly improved metabolic markers, cardiovascular risk, and vitality in patients with metabolic syndrome. The intervention showed favorable changes in BMI, blood pressure, lipids, and glucose. Vitality correlated positively with HRV and inversely with heart rate and Framingham Risk Score. These findings support integrative therapies as beneficial adjuncts in metabolic syndrome management.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, naturopathy, yoga, vitality.

Abstract: Trauma can have a significant and long-lasting impact on people; it frequently shows up as anxiety, sadness, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The interaction between the physiological and psychological reactions to trauma emphasizes the significance of holistic healing approaches. Studies suggest that conventional therapeutic approaches might not adequately tackle the intricacies of trauma, which has led to the investigation of body-based therapies like yoga. Trauma-Informed Yoga (TIY) places a strong emphasis on comprehending how trauma affects the body and mind while fostering safety and security that values empowerment, choice, and building trust. Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TSY) emphasizes physical practices that can be fundamental in healing by encouraging awareness and a connection to the body. This method integrates psychological therapy to assist people in navigating their trauma in a safe environment. Both strategies aim to create a secure and encouraging environment that promotes healing via bodily awareness and mindfulness. In clinical research, the relative effectiveness of different approaches is poorly understood. The present work assesses TIY and TSY therapies based on trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. PTSD, anxiety, and depression results were reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published in the past ten years. The results show that TIY and TSY have unique benefits. It is challenging to validate the efficacy of these approaches based on current clinical outcomes. The efficacy of these approaches is specific to trauma history and intensity, gender, age, duration, and mode of practice. Further clinical studies focusing on these variables would help better understand the approaches in clinical settings.

Keywords: trauma-informed, trauma-sensitive, yoga intervention, yoga clinical trials.

Abstract: As the understanding of mind-body connections deepens, the importance of addressing psychological factors within cardiovascular care has gained recognition. This review examines the necessity for cardiovascular doctors to broaden their knowledge in psychology and mental health to optimize patient outcomes. Psychological stress, depression, and anxiety have profound effects on cardiovascular health, often exacerbating symptoms, influencing recovery rates, and affecting treatment adherence. Consequently, integrating psychological knowledge can enhance the efficacy of cardiovascular care, addressing both physiological and psychological facets of health.

Keywords: mind-body, heart mental health, cardiovascular care, psychological stress, depression, anxiety.

Background: Reportedly, around 6.3% of individuals over the age of 30 in Asia-Pacific countries suffer from stages II and III chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among various rehabilitation strategies, Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) and Autogenic Drainage (AD) are emerging as effective interventions aimed at improving respiratory function and symptom control. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IMT and AD in hospitalized COPD patients, focusing on outcomes related to lung function, quality of life, bronchial hygiene, and respiratory muscle performance.

Methods: Out of 59 screened subjects, 40 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. They were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A received AD and Group B underwent IMT. Both groups participated in a structured intervention protocol for two weeks. A total of 35 participants completed the study.

Results: Post-intervention, both groups showed significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC): Group A (-0.61 ± 0.52; P = .0089) and Group B (-0.46 ± 0.67; P = .0233). Chest expansion at Point B (measured at nipple level ) increased significantly in both groups (P = .0002) and at Point A (measured at axillary level) in Group A (P = .0283). While other outcomes, namely FEV1/FVC (P = .5), St George Respiratory Questionnaire (P = .6), Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (P = .6), and 6-minute walk test (P = .9), demonstrated positive trends, although not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Both the AD and IMT groups demonstrated statistically significant increases in FVC and chest expansion following the intervention, especially at the axillary level in the AD group and at the nipple level in both groups. Although not statistically significant, other variables such as the FEV1/FVC ratio, quality of life scores, inspiratory pressure, and functional exercise capacity demonstrated clinically useful trends.

Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory therapy, rehabilitation, pulmonary function tests, inspiratory muscle training, autogenic drainage.

Background: Psychosocial skills developed in an inclusive learning environment can benefit students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, the inclusion of students with disabilities in classroom-based learning environments often remains challenging.

Objective: This multisite, cohort-based observational study, spanning a school year (August-September through May-June), examined the psychosocial development of 60 new musicians-students with IDD who participated in an inclusive school-based instrumental music program with peer mentoring for the first time.

Methods: Students from eight public schools participated in the United Sound instrumental music program for an average of 45 minutes per week throughout the school year. Special education teachers assigned volunteer student musicians, referred to as peer mentors, to work closely with and support new musicians who were trained to play an instrument and perform in ensembles, bands, and orchestras. Peer-mentor training by special education teachers focused on the established United Sound curriculum and three key strategies: Communicate, Modify, and Empower. New musicians underwent psychosocial evaluations conducted by special education teachers familiar with them at the beginning and end of the school year, utilizing a novel, newly developed 10-measure direct observation assessment tool.

Results: Statistically significant findings were noted in pre- and post-tests across all measures. Improvements over the baseline ranged from 8.2% to 29.8%. These include willingness to participate in non-preferred activities (9.8%), peer appropriate communications (9.1%), positive peer interactions (8.2%), empathy (14.6%), appropriate assertiveness (13.0%), impulse control (24.7%), self-confidence (18.8%), pride (13.2%), resilience (24.5%), and the ability to endure stressful environments (29.8%).

Conclusion: This unique, inclusive instrumental music program with peer mentoring should be considered an integral component of the educational framework in all schools, as it has the potential to improve the psychosocial development and the future potential of students with IDD.

Keywords: inclusive music education, intellectual and developmental disabilities, peer mentoring, psychosocial outcomes.

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition that affects the temporomandibular joint, jaw muscles, and surrounding tissues. The major signs and symptoms of TMD include chronic pain and reduced range of jaw movement, adversely impacting the quality of life. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, contribute to the development and exacerbation of TMD. Yoga, an effective mind-body intervention for physical and psychological symptoms, lacks a standardized module for TMD patients.

Objective: The present study aims to develop, validate, and pilot test a yoga module for patients with TMD.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using classical yoga texts and databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with keywords such as 'yoga', 'orofacial pain', 'stress', and 'Pranayama'. Based on this, a preliminary yoga module was designed and validated by 40 yoga experts using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR), calculated for each practice, and pilot testing was conducted for feasibility.

Results: The proposed yoga module, consisting of 35 practices, was reviewed by yoga experts. Practices with a CVR ≥0.29 were included in the final yoga module; 29 practices were retained, and 6 were excluded. Pilot testing was conducted on 20 patients with TMD over one month, demonstrating significant reductions in pain (P = .02), perceived stress (P = .01), and improved mouth opening (P = .04). 20 patients found the validated yoga module feasible and easy to practice, with no adverse effects reported.

Conclusion: The validated yoga module supported initial effectiveness in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). These findings support the need for larger randomized controlled trials with broader patient demographics and longer follow-up periods to confirm its potential as a complementary therapy for patients with TMD.

Keywords: yoga module, validation, temporomandibular disorder, complementary therapy, orofacial pain.

Background: Maternal-fetal attachment is crucial in maternal well-being and fetal development. Various interventions have been explored to enhance this bond during pregnancy, with Leopold's maneuvers emerging as a potential hands-on technique to improve fetal awareness and prenatal attachment. However, limited research has examined the effectiveness of Leopold's maneuvers in strengthening maternal-fetal bonding, particularly among primigravida women.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of Leopold's maneuvers on maternal-fetal attachment and fetal position awareness among primigravida women in their third trimester.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest study was conducted in primary healthcare centers in Pune, Maharashtra, India. A sample of 162 primigravida women between 34-36 weeks of gestation was recruited and assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training on Leopold's maneuvers, while the control group practiced Mindfetalness. Data were collected using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale and Fetal Position Awareness Scale and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: The experimental group showed a significant increase in maternal-fetal attachment (P < .001) and fetal position awareness (P < .001) compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Leopold's maneuvers significantly improve maternal-fetal attachment and fetal awareness. Incorporating this intervention into routine prenatal care can enhance maternal engagement and bonding, benefiting both the mother and the child. Further studies should explore the long-term effects of Leopold's maneuvers and compare their efficacy with that of other prenatal bonding interventions.

Keywords: maternal-fetal attachment, Leopold's maneuvers, mindfetalness, prenatal bonding.

Background: Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder with few targeted, tolerable, and effective treatments. It is characterized by acute headaches that substantially impair patients' quality of life and work performance. Migraine patients frequently require long-term treatment due to frequent attacks or a chronic course of the condition. Many people still suffer from side effects or insufficient alleviation despite advances in mainstream treatment, which has led to interest in alternative remedies. This case series evaluates the efficacy of Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus (an herbal Unani formulation) in chronic migraine.

Methods: Four cases of diagnosed migraine patients were treated with the Unani formulation, Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus, for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measures included improvements in pain intensity (VAS), migraine disability assessment (MIDAS), and migraine-specific quality of life (MSQOL).

Results: All the patients showed notable improvement in symptoms and quality of life. VAS scores reduced from 9/10 to 3/10, 8/10 to 2/10, 8/10 to 3/10, and 9/10 to 2/10, indicating pain relief. Additionally, more than 50% improvement was observed in MIDAS and MSQOL scores, reflecting a reduction in migraine-associated disability and improved quality of life, respectively.

Conclusion: With no side effects noted, the Unani formulation showed encouraging effectiveness in treating chronic migraine. However, thorough prospective clinical studies are recommended to confirm its scientific validity and possible incorporation into standard medical practice.

Keywords: chronic migraine, Itrifal-e-Ustukhuddus, Unani medicine, alternative therapy, case series, quality of life.

Background: Eye disorders significantly impair quality of life, productivity, and overall well-being. With the increasing interest in integrative medicine, yoga has been explored as a potential adjunct therapy for ocular conditions.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to examine the efficacy of yoga-based interventions in managing glaucoma, refractive errors, dry eye disease, and visual strain.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed (January 2000 to April 2025) identified experimental studies that evaluated the effects of yoga on eye disorders. Fourteen eligible studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools, and the PRISMA guideline was followed.

Results: The strong evidence supports meditation and pranayama as effective adjuncts in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma, potentially via stress modulation and autonomic regulation. Limited and inconclusive evidence has been found regarding the effects of yoga on myopia and dry eye disease. Methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, short intervention durations, and subjective outcome measures, were commonly observed.

Conclusion: Yoga is a promising adjunct therapy for glaucoma management. However, more rigorous, long-term, randomized trials with standardized protocols and objective outcomes are needed to validate its role across diverse ocular conditions.

Keywords: eye health, eye disorders, glaucoma, myopia, dry eye disease, yoga, meditation, pranayama, systematic review.