Advances in Mind-Body Medicine最新文献

Holistic medicine is the art and science of healing that addresses the whole person-body, mind and spirit. It is a broad discipline comprising a wide range of practices aimed at the overall health of the patient. More often than not, holistic medicine takes spirituality into account and incorporates practices like group therapy led by trained therapists. One problem, however, is that the words 'holistic' and 'medicine' are not specific, adding to the general confusion on what holistic medicine is. The aim of this review is to describe holistic medicine as a form of integrative medicine, combining both conventional and alternative medical practices. Furthermore, in light of the heterogeneous definitions and practices found in existing literature, we present arguments on the need for a proper terminology in order to create a system for fully evaluating the patient as a whole, which we call 'holology'.

"Second victims" are clinicians who are traumatized after an unanticipated adverse patient event, medical error, or patient-related injury. Less recognized is the profound sense of betrayal and trauma that can occur in the context of patient deception. The implicit patient-healthcare provider contract assumes that patients are truthful with providers so they may obtain accurate diagnoses and effective treatments. Betrayal by deception can feel like a traumatic death; not of a person, but of a previously intimate and trusting relationship. Healthcare professionals are no better at detecting lies than the lay public and hold inaccurate beliefs about detectable signs of deception. Thus, healthcare professionals may be more vulnerable to betrayal by deception than they realize. The 2 clinical cases presented here reveal the ease with which healthcare providers can be misled, emotionally manipulated by individuals who superficially appear to be psychologically healthy and traumatized by betrayal by deception.

Background: Decades of research have documented post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in war veterans. Current treatment options for PTSD are unappealing as they either require re-exposure to the traumatic event or medications that are greatly impacted by comorbidities. Meditation-based interventions are a promising alternative. However, there is a dearth of research examining their impact.

Primary objective: The purpose of this study was to examine meditation-based interventions tested for efficacy in treating PTSD among veterans and provide collective evidence.

Methods: Authors searched the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for relevant studies using the following inclusion criteria: (1) published in peer-reviewed journals; (2) conducted between January 2014 and July 2020; (3) described the evaluation of interventions; and (4) incorporated quantitative or mixed methods.

Setting: United States.

Participants: U.S. Veterans.

Results: A total of 15 studies (ten articles) met the inclusion criteria. Four tested Transcendental Meditation (n = 4), three tested Mantra Meditation (n = 3), two tested Mindful Meditation (n = 2), one tested Breathing-based Meditation (n = 1), one tested Mindfulness-based Exposure Therapy (n = 1), one tested Cognitively-based Compassion Training Meditation (n = 1), one tested Mantra Meditation and Mindfulness-based Treatment (n = 1), one tested Mindfulness-based PTSD Treatment (n = 1), and one tested Primary Care Brief Mindfulness Program (n = 1). The most common duration was 8 weeks (n = 8) and the most common evaluation design was the randomized controlled trial (n = 10). The most common outcome measure was the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) (n = 12).

Conclusion: All interventions reported improvements in PTSD symptoms. Based on this review, meditation-based therapy is a promising approach for managing PTSD, particularly among veterans resistant to trauma-focused therapies. Randomized control trials with large sample sizes that apply CAPS as their primary outcome measure, and take into account effect size, attrition rates, and blinding are recommended for further research.

Context: The paper reports a case of trauma treated by the Move to Emptiness Technique (MET), which is a therapy to alleviate patient's physical or psychological symptom related to trauma by combining Qigong with imagery, metaphor and suggestions.

Objective: To introduce MET and report treating a patient with trauma using MET.

Intervention: The patient was guided to visualize a symbolic object that represented the physical or psychological symptom of the traumatic experience, and visualize moving the symbolic object to the farthest possible space of "emptiness", where the object became imperceptible. At the same time, the patient embodied the physical and emotional sensations of the symbolic object and its container, and focused on the changes in his sensations when moving them.

Outcome measures: A self-assessment was used to score the patient's distress form 0 to 10, 10 being the worst before and after intervention.

Results: The score of distress dropped form 8/10 to 2/10. The patient improved a lot and was better able to manage his emotions and communicate with his parents after resolving his conflict.

Conclusions: MET may be an alternative to commonly used trauma-focused treatments. It is safe and easy to learn for therapists and patients.

Introduction: Our research dealt with the evaluation of the effectiveness and risk factors present in interventions based on mindfulness meditation. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between participant factors-the presence of physical illness, mental illness and trauma, aversive childhood experiences; program factors-the intensity and frequency of meditation; and teacher factors -competence. Subsequently, we evaluated how they affect the occurrence and interpretation of meditation experiences.

Methods: A total of 52 participants participated in this research, which was an administrative form consisting of several questionnaires: the Short Adverse Childhood Experience Measure (SACEM), Meditation Experience Scale (MES), and Assessment of Mindfulness Teacher (AMT).

Results: Higher ratings of teachers' competence has a positive impact on the interpretation of meditation-related experiences. We found that the tendency towards negative assessment to a varying degree occurred in individuals with physical illness, mental illness, trauma and aversive childhood experiences, with a higher incidence of challenging experiences. The childhood abuse group seemed to be the most serious in this respect, which could be partly explained by the low-rated competence of the teacher's mindfulness of meditation.

Discussion: The results may provoke reflection on the process that takes place between the participants and the teacher leading the mindfulness-based intervention. The study results may serve as a suggestion for improving the mindfulness process and the competences of teachers themselves. They can provide preliminary information on what aspects of mindfulness intervention could be given more emphasis in order to increase its effectiveness, both for the benefit of the provider and the recipients.

Is consciousness an organizing force in the universe? 4 fundamental forces have been described as governing our universe: gravitational, electromagnetic, and the strong and weak nuclear forces, while a fifth force has been speculated to exist. Supporting evidence for the hypothesis that consciousness is an organizing force is found in the sciences of yoga, parapsychology (psi), and quantum physics. The relevance of consciousness in healing and medicine is discussed.

Context: Obesity is associated with chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fasting is commonly employed by obese people to reduce their weight. Likewise, yoga and naturopathy (YN) that include liquid fasting (LF) have been shown to be beneficial in reducing weight for people with metabolic disorders. However, the safety of LF during YN treatments and its effects on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors haven't yet been reported.

Objective: The study intended to evaluate the safety of LF during YN treatments and its effects on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in people with obesity.

Design: A single-group, pretest-and-posttest design was adopted for the study.

Setting: The study took place in a YN hospital located in South India.

Participants: Participants were 176 obese people aged between 18 and 65 years.

Intervention: Together with YN treatments, all participants underwent LF using lime juice with jaggery, ash guard juice, vegetable soup, buttermilk, and kokum juice for a period of 5 consecutive days.

Outcome measures: Assessments such as body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, lipid profile, and blood pressure were taken at baseline and postintervention.

Results: Participants showed a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, fat mass, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

Conclusions: The results suggest that LF during YN treatment canbe effective in reducing metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in people with obesity.

Objective: Body integrity dysphoria (BID) is an intense need/desire to live in a disabled body, particularly due to a limb amputation or paraplegia. The investigators observed that significantly more people affected by BID wish to change their gender compared with the average population. The aim of this study was to find out whether gender identity (ie, typical male or female behavior) was less pronounced in a group of participants with BID than in a parallel control group of non-BID participants. The central hypothesis was that individuals in the BID group have a weak identification with their innate gender compared with the non-BID group and act more gender-neutral or contrary to their innate gender.

Methods: Study participants included 25 female and 25 male individuals with BID in the BID group and 25 female and 25 male individuals in a parallel control group.

Results: Compared with the control group, in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test, males with BID leaned more towards female, and females with BID leaned more toward typical male behavior. In addition, 8% of the BID group and 0% of the control group achieved the cut-off value on a test for gender dysphoria (GD). This result supports the hypothesis that BID-affected participants showed more gender-neutral behavior than the control participants.

Conclusions: The results indicate that gender identity in the BID group is not as defined as in the control group. These results indicate a comprehensive disruption of identification with one's own body, which is not limited to legs or arms, but also affects the gender identity of many affected individuals.

Context: Opioid use disorder (OUD) involves excessive use of opioids-such as heroin, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone-leading to major health, social, and economic consequences. Yoga lifestyle interventions have been found to be useful as adjunct therapies in management of substance use disorders and chronic pain conditions.

Objective: The research team intended to develop, validate, and test for feasibility a yoga program for OUD patients that could reduce opiate withdrawal symptoms-such as pain, fatigue, low mood, anxiety and sleep disturbances-and cravings associated with drugs.

Design: The research team first performed a literature review of traditional and contemporary yoga texts, such as Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Light on Yoga, as well as modern scientific literature in the following search engines-Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsychInfo, using the keywords yoga, pranayama, hatha yoga, relaxation. meditation, substance use, addiction, impulsivity, craving, sleep quality, and fatigue. Using the information obtained, the team developed a yoga program and designed a pilot study that used the program.

Setting: The study took place in the Department of Integrative Medicine at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) in Bangalore, India.

Participants: Participants in the pilot study were 8 inpatients, 6 males and 2 females, who were on opioid agonist treatment (buprenorphine) for OUD.

Intervention: The intervention was the yoga program previously validated by the research team. In the pilot study, participants were taught a one-hour, yoga-based intervention, with sessions occurring once per day, for 10 sessions.

Outcome measures: For validation, 13 experts scored the yoga program that the research team had developed and gave suggestions for each yogic practice for use during the acute phase of withdrawal and the maintenance phase respectively. A content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated from their scoring, and the research team made changes to the program base on the scoring and suggestions. For the pilot study, assessments occurred at baseline and postintervention. The participants' yoga performance was rated by the yoga trainer on a yoga performance assessment scale (YPA). Other measurements included: (1) the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), (2) the Hamilton's anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), (3) the Hamilton's depression rating scale (HAM-D), (4) buprenorphine dosage, (5) the Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) scale, (6) a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, (7) sleep quality (latency and duration), and (8) the module's safety.

Results: Four practices were removed from the program due to CVR scores below the cutoff, and one practice was found not to be feasible (Kapalabhati). Two categories of yoga modul

Context: Diabetes is a metabolic disease, with high mortality, and is characterized by increased glucose levels in the blood occurring due to poor pancreatic insulin secretion or development of insulin resistance in the body. Type 2 DM (T2DM) represents 90% of diabetic cases, and its pathogenesis involves a genetic correlation with insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Objective: The current study intended to examine the pathophysiology of T2DM, including factors influencing insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell dysfunction as well as the genetic factors that indicate susceptibility to T2DM.

Design: The research team performed a narrative review by searching the Mendeley, Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Springer databases. The search used the keywords Diabetes, insulin secretion and environmental factor.

Setting: This study was take place in School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India.

Results: The paraoxonase-1 gene Q192R and the L55M, INS-VNTR, and IL-38 gene alterations can result in insulin resistance while PAM variants and miR-132 and miR-18 expression can lead to β-cell dysfunction. Palmitate-like FFA expression of mRNA MafA, and IRS-2 can lead to impairment of insulin secretion.

Conclusions: T2DM is the most common metabolic disorder of the twenty-first century, and its incidence, complications, and morbidity increase every day. The examination of T2DM's pathophysiology and the literature review have revealed that it has a strong correlation with genetic defects.