Objective: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite distributed worldwide. Serological tests investigating antibodies specific to T. gondii are widely used in diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of anti-T. gondii IgG, anti-T. gondii IgM, and anti-T. gondii IgG avidity tests, which were sent to the Serology Laboratory of Trakya University Health Center for Medical Research and Practice, retrospectively.
Methods: Anti-T. gondii IgM, anti-T. gondii IgG, and anti-T. gondii IgG avidity tests were studied by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay or electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method between January 2012 and December 2021. The test results were evaluated retrospectively from laboratory records.
Results: Of 18,659 serum samples were studied for anti-T. gondii IgG, 5,127 (27.5%) samples were positive, whereas 721 (3.4%) of 21,108 samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM. Of the 593 serum samples tested for IgG avidity, 206 (34.7%) samples had low avidity, 118 (19.9%) had borderline, and 269 (45.4%) had high avidity.
Conclusion: Our study, compatible with other studies, showed that seropositivity is high in our region, which is not negligible. Especially in women of reproductive age population, T. gondii should be considered in suspected clinical cases.
Objective: Lymnaea stagnalis known as the great pond snail, is one of the intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, a zoonotic parasite. In this study, it was aimed to determine the larval forms of F. hepatica by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in L. stagnalis species snails collected from the vicinity of Ağrı province.
Methods: In this study, 150 L. stagnalis snails were collected from the Ağrı province. The freshwater snails brought to the laboratory were dissected, then their soft tissues were examined under a microscope. DNA extraction was performed on the dissected snails. After DNA extraction, PCR was performed using primers targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene region.
Results: In the microscopic examination, larval forms of F. hepatica could not be detected. However, it was concluded that two (1.3%) L. stagnalis freshwater snails were infected with the larval forms of F. hepatica in the PCR.
Conclusion: It was determined that L. stagnalis served as an intermediate host to F. hepatica in the study area.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the patients infected with Fasciola hepatica and establish whether these parameters differ among the patients with fascioliasis.
Methods: The patient group consisted of 140 individuals with F. hepatica seropositive; the control group consisted of 140 healthy individuals who tested negative for this parasite and had no other diseases. The patient group consisted of individuals with no chronic diseases other than fascioliasis; in both the patient and the control groups, the subjects had no unhealthy habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption, etc. The blood samples taken to diagnose fascioliasis were evaluated by the ELISA method. The samples were studied according to the kit procedures for SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA markers.
Results: In this study, 43.6% of 140 individuals in the patient group infected with F. hepatica had CAT (p=0.001), 35% had GPx (p=0.001), 12.9% had SOD (p=0.002), 90.7% had MDA (p=0.001). There was found a statistically significant difference between the patient and the control group in terms of the positivity of these four parameters.
Conclusion: As a result, a statistically significant relationship was found between the increase in the SOD, GPx, CAT, and MDA levels and fascioliasis. The high rate of MDA revealed that oxidative stress occurred in patients with fascioliasis, resulting in an increased activity of SOD, GPx, and CAT.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Fasciola hepatica ile enfekte hastalarda süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), katalaz (CAT) ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeylerini belirlemek ve fascioliasisli hastalarda bu parametrelerde farklılık meydana gelip gelmediğini ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntemler: Hasta grubu, F. hepatica pozitif olan 140 hastadan; kontrol grubu ise bu parazit yönünden negatif bulunan ve başka herhangi bir hastalığı bulunmayan 140 sağlıklı kişiden oluşturuldu. Hasta grubuna fascioliasis dışında herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmayan ve hem hasta hem de kontrol grubuna sigara, alkol kullanımı olmayan kişiler dahil edildi. Hastalarda fascioliasis pozitifliğini belirlemek için alınan kan örnekleri ELISA yöntemi ile çalışıldı. Serum SOD, CAT, GPx ve MDA düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada F. hepatica ile enfekte hasta grubundaki 140 kişinin %43,6’sında CAT (p=0,001), %35’inde GPx (p=0,001), %12,9’unda SOD (p=0,002) ve %90,7 MDA pozitifliği saptandı. Bu dört parametrenin pozitifliği açısından hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p=0,001).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak SOD, GPx, CAT ve MDA düzeyindeki artış ile fascioliasis arasında istatistik olarak an
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate in detail the morphological features of the digenean parasite Aphanurus stossichii isolated from the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Methods: The specimens of A. stossichii were obtained from the pharynx and stomach of the European E. encrasicolus caught by commercial fishing vessels in the Black Sea. Parasites were killed in a hot normal saline solution, preserved in to 70% ethanol for light microscopic (LM) studies, and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for SEM. The morphological diagnostic features of A. stossichii were studied in detail under both LM and SEM.
Results: The morphological characteristics of the examined adult A. stossichii specimens were found to be similar to the original descriptions describing the basic characteristics of forebody and hindbody shape, the position and shape of the vitellarium, ovary, and and testes, and the shapes of oral and ventral sucker. The measurement data for all morphological diagnostics were provided; photomicrographs of each part of the parasite were presented. Infection prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance values were 8.89%, 4.5 and 0.4, respectively.
Conclusion: All available records of A. stossichii morphology are based on light microscope, this is the first study to identification the morphological features of the parasite with SEM. This research is the first on A. stossichii presence in E. encrasicolus on the Turkish Black Sea coast.
Objective: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Rubella and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can cause severe morbidity in the fetus when transmissed during pregnancy. In our study, it was aimed to examine the seropositivity rates for T. gondii, Rubella and CMV infections in women of childbearing age who applied to our hospital.
Methods: Anti-Toxoplasma IgG, anti-Toxoplasma IgM, anti-Rubella IgG, anti-Rubella IgM, anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV were studied in women of childbearing age (18-49 years old) who applied to our hospital's outpatient clinics between January 2018 and December 2020. The tests were performed in our microbiology laboratory using the ELISA method on Architect i2000 (Abbott, USA) and COBAS e601 (Roche, Germany) devices.
Results: As a result of the data obtained, the percentages of IgM and IgG positivity for anti-Toxoplasma were calculated as 1.4% and 30.9%, respectively. Anti-Rubella IgM positivity was 0.7%, anti-Rubella IgG positivity was 91%, anti-CMV IgG positivity was 98.8%, and anti-CMV IgM positivity was 2%.
Conclusion: Having its own seroprevalence for each region has is important in terms of planning pregnancy screenings. The seropositivity rates in our region are in line with other studies in the country. Since CMV seropositivity is very high in the population and there is no effective treatment or vaccine, screening may not be not necessary. T. gondii and Rubella screenings can be recommended due to the lower immunity rates and the availability of vaccine and treatment options.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify Trichostrongylus species by molecular analysis and also phylogenetic relationships of Trichostrongylus species by mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene in Guilan province, northern Iran.
Methods: Abomasum and duodenum contents of 144 livestock were collected from sheep, goats, and cattle in Guilan province. Morphological survey was performed for initial screening. Total DNA was extracted, and the partial region of Cox1 gene was amplified and sequenced. Genetic diversity was calculated and phylogenetic analysis of the data on nucleotide sequence was conducted by MEGA7 software.
Results: Three species of Trichostrongylus including T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, and T. axei were identified by morphological characteristics. The genetic divergence within the species in the present study was observed for T. axei (0-2.5%), T. colubriformis (0.77%), and T. vitrinus (0%). The mean inter-species difference between the three species of Trichostrongylus obtained in this study was 14.4-15.4%.
Conclusion: The Cox1 sequences of the members of Trichostrongylus spp. were highly variable and this could be used as a valuable measure to achieve a proper assessment on biodiversity. Sequence data generation from other species of Trichostrongylus will be needed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this genus of nematodes.
Objective: This research was carried out to determine the digestive and respiratory system helminths of domestic geese collected from Canik, Çarşamba, Havza, Kavak, Terme, and Tekkeköy districts representing Samsun province.
Methods: Within the scope of the study, the digestive and respiratory system organs of 64 domestic geese were collected. Organ sets were taken separately, and the contents of each organ were examined.
Results: According to macroscopic and microscopic examination, 5 different helminth species were detected in 53 (82.8%) geese: Baruscapillaria obsignata (59.4%), B. anseris (32.8%), Amidostomum anseris (9.4%), Trichostrogylus tenuis (1.6%), and Heterakis sp. (1.6%).
Conclusion: At the end of the study, all helminths were found in the digestive system and all of them were nematods. In conclusion, it has been predicted that nematodes that settle in the digestive system of geese are frequently encountered and this may be a problem for goose breeders.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to reveal the importance of toxoplasmosis as a risk factor in these patients.
Methods: The study was carried out between 26.12.2013 and 01.01.2016 at Van Yüzüncü University Dursun Odabaş the Medical Center on patients with chronic renal failure who entered HD. As the patient group in the study, 150 patients with chronic renal failure who underwent HD; as the control group, 50 people without any known chronic disease and who did not receive any immunosuppressive therapy were included. The ELISA method was used to determine anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibody levels. A questionnaire including risk factors that may cause the transmission of T. gondii was applied to the patient and control groups.
Results: In the study, 89 out of total 150 HD patients (59.3%) were found anti-T. gondii IgG antibody seropositive and 4 were (2.7%) anti-T. gondii IgM antibody seropositive. Fourteen of 50 healthy individuals in the group (28%) were anti-T. gondii IgG antibody positive, while none in this group was anti-T. gondii IgM antibody positive. Statistical analysis demonstrated there were separate significant correlations between both anti-T. gondii IgG (p<0.01) and anti-T. gondii IgM antibody (p<0.05) frequencies with chronic renal failure. While there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody identification based on gender and age groups, there were significant differences between the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody based on both gender (p<0.05) and age groups (p<0.05). Some living conditions and habits of the patient group were evaluated statistically, and a significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between eating only raw meatballs and toxoplasmosis seropositivity.
Conclusion: As a result, it was understood that the physicians who monitor of HD patients should assess toxoplasmosis among the risk factors.
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