Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296977
G. Conroy
Several significant design changes and developments have taken place to allow the construction of larger, more reliable roller presses. The most significant of these advancements for large roller press design are discussed. The state of the art design is reported for the following major components: roller design, new autogenous wear surface; bearing design; bearing housing/roller alignment; bearing oil lubrication; and hydro-pneumatic system. The author describes how these design advancements will influence future roller press application possibilities as related to the US cement industry.<>
{"title":"Progress in roller press design technology","authors":"G. Conroy","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296977","url":null,"abstract":"Several significant design changes and developments have taken place to allow the construction of larger, more reliable roller presses. The most significant of these advancements for large roller press design are discussed. The state of the art design is reported for the following major components: roller design, new autogenous wear surface; bearing design; bearing housing/roller alignment; bearing oil lubrication; and hydro-pneumatic system. The author describes how these design advancements will influence future roller press application possibilities as related to the US cement industry.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117152709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296992
R. Kump
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations force owners of PCB equipment to carefully review regulatory compliance and develop PCB risk management programs. The EPA regulations are briefly reviewed, highlighting the more commonly violated requirements. Several risk management techniques are presented and discussed. A method of quantifying PCB equipment owning cost is presented.<>
{"title":"Why should the cement industry do anything with their PCB transformers?","authors":"R. Kump","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296992","url":null,"abstract":"The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations force owners of PCB equipment to carefully review regulatory compliance and develop PCB risk management programs. The EPA regulations are briefly reviewed, highlighting the more commonly violated requirements. Several risk management techniques are presented and discussed. A method of quantifying PCB equipment owning cost is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114325291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296994
J. McCarthy
The issues and concerns related to power quality, safety, cost of energy and associated capital equipment are starting to be questioned as industry prepares itself for the 21st century and competitive global manufacturing. The author sets out to identify those areas of concern and discusses new trends that are developing, trends that apply new technology to traditional mature electromechanical power equipment. The benefits that can be achieved through power automation products are explained.<>
{"title":"Power monitoring devices: trends in power automation","authors":"J. McCarthy","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296994","url":null,"abstract":"The issues and concerns related to power quality, safety, cost of energy and associated capital equipment are starting to be questioned as industry prepares itself for the 21st century and competitive global manufacturing. The author sets out to identify those areas of concern and discusses new trends that are developing, trends that apply new technology to traditional mature electromechanical power equipment. The benefits that can be achieved through power automation products are explained.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"70 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115821075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296990
D. A. Fenton
Some case histories of lateral vibrations in drive trains are reviewed, and solutions to some observed problems are noted. Twin drives are more sensitive to lateral vibrations, due to the nature of the forces causing relative motion of the drive piers. Misalignment of the gear and pinion can cause stress concentrations in the teeth in the gear-pinion mesh, leading to overloads, spalling, harmonic wear and torque oscillations in the drive train.<>
{"title":"Lateral vibrations, causes and some solutions (in electric drive trains)","authors":"D. A. Fenton","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296990","url":null,"abstract":"Some case histories of lateral vibrations in drive trains are reviewed, and solutions to some observed problems are noted. Twin drives are more sensitive to lateral vibrations, due to the nature of the forces causing relative motion of the drive piers. Misalignment of the gear and pinion can cause stress concentrations in the teeth in the gear-pinion mesh, leading to overloads, spalling, harmonic wear and torque oscillations in the drive train.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115549296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296991
J. Blaney
Recent technological advancements have produced intelligent final control devices. These devices communicate operating and diagnostic information along dedicated networks to the distributed computer control system that is used for process control. This level of integration is described, and the many benefits are investigated in greater detail. The integral communications provide device status and diagnostic information, a simple twisted pair connection to a distributed control systems (DCS) I/O interface. The DCS collects this information for monitoring the overall electrical distribution system status centrally but also uses it in conjunction with other process plant information to allow the process to be operated in an optimum way.<>
{"title":"Communication, protection and diagnostics for cement power systems","authors":"J. Blaney","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296991","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technological advancements have produced intelligent final control devices. These devices communicate operating and diagnostic information along dedicated networks to the distributed computer control system that is used for process control. This level of integration is described, and the many benefits are investigated in greater detail. The integral communications provide device status and diagnostic information, a simple twisted pair connection to a distributed control systems (DCS) I/O interface. The DCS collects this information for monitoring the overall electrical distribution system status centrally but also uses it in conjunction with other process plant information to allow the process to be operated in an optimum way.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130233698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296973
H.E. Borgholm
Aalborg Portland has developed and implemented a system for heat recovery and desulfurization of the flue gases from four white kilns. The gas volume is 430000 Nm/sup 3//h. The heat regeneration is accomplished by cooling the gases from approx. 250 degrees C (480 degrees F) to 70 degrees C (158 degrees F) and condensing approx. 30% of the water vapor in the gases. The recovered heat, up to 42 MW, corresponding to 560 Kcal/kg clinker (2.02 Mbtu (net)/st), is sold on a commercial basis to the city district heating system and is sufficient for providing heat for 20000 households in the city. The SO/sub 2/ emission is reduced by 75-80% and converted to gypsum. The condensed water and the gypsum are all utilized in the cement production.<>
{"title":"A new heat recovery and desulphurization plant for 4 wet kilns in Aalborg Portland","authors":"H.E. Borgholm","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296973","url":null,"abstract":"Aalborg Portland has developed and implemented a system for heat recovery and desulfurization of the flue gases from four white kilns. The gas volume is 430000 Nm/sup 3//h. The heat regeneration is accomplished by cooling the gases from approx. 250 degrees C (480 degrees F) to 70 degrees C (158 degrees F) and condensing approx. 30% of the water vapor in the gases. The recovered heat, up to 42 MW, corresponding to 560 Kcal/kg clinker (2.02 Mbtu (net)/st), is sold on a commercial basis to the city district heating system and is sufficient for providing heat for 20000 households in the city. The SO/sub 2/ emission is reduced by 75-80% and converted to gypsum. The condensed water and the gypsum are all utilized in the cement production.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121349617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296981
A. Mcqueen, S. Bortz, M. S. Hatch, H. J. Buening, D. Shore, R. L. Leonard, E. Bouše
Cement kilns represent an important source of NO/sub x/ emissions. The results of a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art in cement kiln NO/sub x/ control are presented. A survey of current and anticipated cement kiln NO/sub x/ regulations, NO/sub x/ formation mechanisms and common NO/sub x/ control technologies (as applied to boilers) is presented. Cement kiln features relating to NO/sub x/ control, such as combustion characteristics and temperature and residence time profiles, are outlined. A comparison is made of NO/sub x/ control technologies applicable to cement kilns. These include combustion, modifications, low NO/sub x/ burners, staged combustion, selective noncatalytic reduction, and selective catalytic reduction. The criteria for comparing these NO/sub x/ control technologies include the principle of operation, technical feasibility, potential NO/sub x/ reduction, relative cost, and the potential effects on clinker quality. Conclusions and future directions in cement kiln NO/sub x/ control are discussed.<>
{"title":"Cement kiln NO/sub x/ control","authors":"A. Mcqueen, S. Bortz, M. S. Hatch, H. J. Buening, D. Shore, R. L. Leonard, E. Bouše","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296981","url":null,"abstract":"Cement kilns represent an important source of NO/sub x/ emissions. The results of a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art in cement kiln NO/sub x/ control are presented. A survey of current and anticipated cement kiln NO/sub x/ regulations, NO/sub x/ formation mechanisms and common NO/sub x/ control technologies (as applied to boilers) is presented. Cement kiln features relating to NO/sub x/ control, such as combustion characteristics and temperature and residence time profiles, are outlined. A comparison is made of NO/sub x/ control technologies applicable to cement kilns. These include combustion, modifications, low NO/sub x/ burners, staged combustion, selective noncatalytic reduction, and selective catalytic reduction. The criteria for comparing these NO/sub x/ control technologies include the principle of operation, technical feasibility, potential NO/sub x/ reduction, relative cost, and the potential effects on clinker quality. Conclusions and future directions in cement kiln NO/sub x/ control are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133948508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296988
S.E. Ehinger
The world's largest wet kiln developed noticeable oscillations in its dual drive motors after eight years of trouble-free operation. The problem is described together with its solution. The symptoms of a harmonics problem are noted.<>
{"title":"A kiln drive vibration problem and solution","authors":"S.E. Ehinger","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296988","url":null,"abstract":"The world's largest wet kiln developed noticeable oscillations in its dual drive motors after eight years of trouble-free operation. The problem is described together with its solution. The symptoms of a harmonics problem are noted.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114902959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296989
M. K. Blumenthal
For economical reasons and to eliminate the DC motor's mechanical commutator, the first kilns are now in operation driven by robust squirrel cage AC motors which are fed from PWM inverters. After discussion of design considerations and criteria, the basic circuits and data of the first two AC kiln drives, one single and one double drive, are presented. Each of the two kilns has over one year of operational experience.<>
{"title":"Variable speed AC drives for cement kilns","authors":"M. K. Blumenthal","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296989","url":null,"abstract":"For economical reasons and to eliminate the DC motor's mechanical commutator, the first kilns are now in operation driven by robust squirrel cage AC motors which are fed from PWM inverters. After discussion of design considerations and criteria, the basic circuits and data of the first two AC kiln drives, one single and one double drive, are presented. Each of the two kilns has over one year of operational experience.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132502915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-05-23DOI: 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296971
T. Lang
Today about 27 Bio mt (30 Bio st) of manmade CO/sub 2/ and a variety of other greenhouse gases are released annually to the atmosphere, thus continuously increasing its greenhouse gas content. The world cement industry contributes some 4% to the total manmade CO/sub 2/-emission. The possible consequences of global warming are discussed, together with the possibilities for action that may be undertaken by the cement industry.<>
{"title":"A perception of the greenhouse problem and the possibilities in the cement industry for action","authors":"T. Lang","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.1993.296971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296971","url":null,"abstract":"Today about 27 Bio mt (30 Bio st) of manmade CO/sub 2/ and a variety of other greenhouse gases are released annually to the atmosphere, thus continuously increasing its greenhouse gas content. The world cement industry contributes some 4% to the total manmade CO/sub 2/-emission. The possible consequences of global warming are discussed, together with the possibilities for action that may be undertaken by the cement industry.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":350403,"journal":{"name":"[1993] Record of Conference Papers 35th IEEE Cement Industry Technical","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125251552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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