Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.1504/ijmmp.2019.10024755
W. Ma, Q. Guo, Yong Zeng
To improve the bending stiffness of steel plate structure, anchor bars and stiffeners are used to anchor the thin steel plate in the intake transition section in the concrete. In this paper, the finite element method is used to simulate the steel lining at the penstock intake transition section of hydropower station. The analysis results show that, the overall deformation of steel lining structure is small, which can meet the requirement of stiffness, the stress of steel lining structure is complex, the stress concentration at the stiffening ring is very high, the stress value of other parts is low, and the general stress value does not exceed 43.0 MPa, and the stress distribution is more uniform. The structural stress value of dam in the gate section is relatively low, through conventional reinforcement can meet the design requirements.
{"title":"Simulation analysis of intake transition section steel lining for hydropower station penstock","authors":"W. Ma, Q. Guo, Yong Zeng","doi":"10.1504/ijmmp.2019.10024755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2019.10024755","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the bending stiffness of steel plate structure, anchor bars and stiffeners are used to anchor the thin steel plate in the intake transition section in the concrete. In this paper, the finite element method is used to simulate the steel lining at the penstock intake transition section of hydropower station. The analysis results show that, the overall deformation of steel lining structure is small, which can meet the requirement of stiffness, the stress of steel lining structure is complex, the stress concentration at the stiffening ring is very high, the stress value of other parts is low, and the general stress value does not exceed 43.0 MPa, and the stress distribution is more uniform. The structural stress value of dam in the gate section is relatively low, through conventional reinforcement can meet the design requirements.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022997
Mahdi Saalari
It has been clarified that deformation and annealing of martensite starting structure can produce ultrafine grained structure in low carbon steel. This study aims to investigate the texture evolution and mechanical properties of samples with martensite structure deformed by two different forging processes. The martensitic steel samples were forged by plane strain compression and multi-directional forging up to the same true strain of 2. All samples were then annealed at 450 and 550°C for 30 min. It was found that the active slip systems in BCT crystalline structure of martensite acted like ferrite steel. After multi-directional forging of martensitic steel, the yield and ultimate strength greatly increased to 1278 and 1658 MPa, respectively. During annealing, in the plane strain compressed sample, the 'oriented nucleation' and in the multi-directional forged specimen, 'selective growth' theory was dominant.
{"title":"Comparison of texture evolution in low carbon steel fabricated by plane strain and multi-directional forging of the martensite starting structure","authors":"Mahdi Saalari","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022997","url":null,"abstract":"It has been clarified that deformation and annealing of martensite starting structure can produce ultrafine grained structure in low carbon steel. This study aims to investigate the texture evolution and mechanical properties of samples with martensite structure deformed by two different forging processes. The martensitic steel samples were forged by plane strain compression and multi-directional forging up to the same true strain of 2. All samples were then annealed at 450 and 550°C for 30 min. It was found that the active slip systems in BCT crystalline structure of martensite acted like ferrite steel. After multi-directional forging of martensitic steel, the yield and ultimate strength greatly increased to 1278 and 1658 MPa, respectively. During annealing, in the plane strain compressed sample, the 'oriented nucleation' and in the multi-directional forged specimen, 'selective growth' theory was dominant.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022985
S. Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena
The miniaturisation of transistors imposes thermal limits on MOSFET structures due to increase in leakage current and static power consumption per unit area of chip below 20 nm technology node. Tunnel FET has potential to reduce static power consumption to design below 20 nm technology within thermal limits thus increases the scope of future scaling trends. A new asymmetric Ge-Si0.7Ge0.3 hetero-junction tunnel FET (HTFET) is proposed with different oxide thickness from source and drain side. The asymmetric Ge-Si0.7Ge0.3 HTFET has steep subthreshold characteristic, low DIBL with high ION/IOFF current ratio for operating voltage less than 1V. The proposed design can be fabricated easily due to the similar lattice structure of Ge and Si. The ION/IOFF current ratio greater than 108 is achieved for gate length of 15 nm in nHTFET having Pt/HfO2 as gate contact and oxide material. The lowering of parasitic BJT effect in OFF state condition is also achieved in the same.
{"title":"Asymmetric Gated Ge-Si0.7Ge0.3 nHTFET and pHTFET for Steep Subthreshold Characteristics","authors":"S. Tripathi, Sobhit Saxena","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022985","url":null,"abstract":"The miniaturisation of transistors imposes thermal limits on MOSFET structures due to increase in leakage current and static power consumption per unit area of chip below 20 nm technology node. Tunnel FET has potential to reduce static power consumption to design below 20 nm technology within thermal limits thus increases the scope of future scaling trends. A new asymmetric Ge-Si0.7Ge0.3 hetero-junction tunnel FET (HTFET) is proposed with different oxide thickness from source and drain side. The asymmetric Ge-Si0.7Ge0.3 HTFET has steep subthreshold characteristic, low DIBL with high ION/IOFF current ratio for operating voltage less than 1V. The proposed design can be fabricated easily due to the similar lattice structure of Ge and Si. The ION/IOFF current ratio greater than 108 is achieved for gate length of 15 nm in nHTFET having Pt/HfO2 as gate contact and oxide material. The lowering of parasitic BJT effect in OFF state condition is also achieved in the same.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45289093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023372
Zhiqiang Hu, Kaikun Wang, Yan Yang
To investigate the hot deformation behaviour of S34MnV steel, hot compression tests in different deformation conditions were done. According to the experimental data, a constitutive equation was established and a mathematical model for dynamic recrystallisation was established to predict the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallisation. To reveal the plastic deformation, the bending process for a large S34MnV marine crank was simulated by Deform-3D. The stress and strain field of the bending process was obtained and analysed based on the simulation. Finally, to study the effect of the bending process on the crank, a bending process of a crank produced with a hydropress in the factory was studied. The microstructure and mechanical properties in three different positions of the bending crank were analysed. It was concluded that the bending process would reduce the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties, owing to the nonuniformity of the deformation.
{"title":"Modelling and simulation of a bending process for S34MnV steel","authors":"Zhiqiang Hu, Kaikun Wang, Yan Yang","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023372","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the hot deformation behaviour of S34MnV steel, hot compression tests in different deformation conditions were done. According to the experimental data, a constitutive equation was established and a mathematical model for dynamic recrystallisation was established to predict the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallisation. To reveal the plastic deformation, the bending process for a large S34MnV marine crank was simulated by Deform-3D. The stress and strain field of the bending process was obtained and analysed based on the simulation. Finally, to study the effect of the bending process on the crank, a bending process of a crank produced with a hydropress in the factory was studied. The microstructure and mechanical properties in three different positions of the bending crank were analysed. It was concluded that the bending process would reduce the uniformity of the microstructure and mechanical properties, owing to the nonuniformity of the deformation.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10021545
M. Krishnamurthy, S. Vandanapu
Oil palm shell (OPS) aggregates can be used as a replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete to produce lightweight concrete. OPS is found to absorb more water compared to normal aggregate. Hence, surface treatment is carried out on OPS and the effect of water cement ratio on strength of concrete is investigated. This paper presents X-ray diffraction analysis carried out for treated and non-treated OPS (NTOPS) aggregate to find the mineralogical characteristics. Microstructural analysis and interfacial transition zone is investigated for treated and NTOPS using digital image processing or digital microscope. The results of investigation is compared with conventional concrete.
{"title":"Micro-structural and Interfacial Transition Zone investigation on Oil Palm Shell lightweight concrete.","authors":"M. Krishnamurthy, S. Vandanapu","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10021545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10021545","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm shell (OPS) aggregates can be used as a replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete to produce lightweight concrete. OPS is found to absorb more water compared to normal aggregate. Hence, surface treatment is carried out on OPS and the effect of water cement ratio on strength of concrete is investigated. This paper presents X-ray diffraction analysis carried out for treated and non-treated OPS (NTOPS) aggregate to find the mineralogical characteristics. Microstructural analysis and interfacial transition zone is investigated for treated and NTOPS using digital image processing or digital microscope. The results of investigation is compared with conventional concrete.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46693909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023373
A. M. Mansour, I. M. Radaf, G. M. Mahmoud
Copper mercury tetraiodide thin films were grown by the chemical bath deposition technique at different deposition temperatures varying from 300 K to 345 K. The structural properties of the prepared Cu2HgI4 thin films show that the Cu2HgI4 films have a polycrystalline nature. The compositional analysis confirmed the nearly stoichiometric structure of the deposited Cu2HgI4 thin films. Homogeneous and regular surface morphology, including of circular-shaped grains with a size range from 31 to 46 nm, was revealed. Thermal stability and phase transition were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DSC), respectively. The effects of deposition temperature on the optical properties and D.C. electrical conductivity of the Cu2HgI4 films have been studied. The films were found to have an indirect optical energy gap of values increases with increasing substrate temperature. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature according to grain boundary trapping model.
{"title":"Effect of deposition temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties of chemically deposited thermochromic Cu2HgI4 thin films","authors":"A. M. Mansour, I. M. Radaf, G. M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023373","url":null,"abstract":"Copper mercury tetraiodide thin films were grown by the chemical bath deposition technique at different deposition temperatures varying from 300 K to 345 K. The structural properties of the prepared Cu2HgI4 thin films show that the Cu2HgI4 films have a polycrystalline nature. The compositional analysis confirmed the nearly stoichiometric structure of the deposited Cu2HgI4 thin films. Homogeneous and regular surface morphology, including of circular-shaped grains with a size range from 31 to 46 nm, was revealed. Thermal stability and phase transition were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DSC), respectively. The effects of deposition temperature on the optical properties and D.C. electrical conductivity of the Cu2HgI4 films have been studied. The films were found to have an indirect optical energy gap of values increases with increasing substrate temperature. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature according to grain boundary trapping model.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023371
A. M. Mansour, I. M. Radaf
Reproducible and good quality copper bismuth sulphide (CuBiS2) thin layer were situated on preheated glassy slide substrates made implementing the spraying pyrolysis approach at distinctive times of spraying 15, 30, 45, and 60 min with a fixed substrate temperature 400°C. The effect of spray time on the structural, morphology, optical and electrical benefits of the CuBiS2 thin films produced by spray pyrolysis methodology were studied. The structure was studied by XRD methodology. The surface texture of the produced films was considered by SEM. The optical benefits of the CuBiS2 films were inquired working with the spectrophotometric method in which the optical transmittance and reflectance beyond a wavelength range 200-2500 nm were measured. The d.c. conductivity was studied at different temperatures for all the prepared CuBiS2 thin films.
{"title":"Structural, optical and electrical properties of CuBiS2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis at different deposition times","authors":"A. M. Mansour, I. M. Radaf","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023371","url":null,"abstract":"Reproducible and good quality copper bismuth sulphide (CuBiS2) thin layer were situated on preheated glassy slide substrates made implementing the spraying pyrolysis approach at distinctive times of spraying 15, 30, 45, and 60 min with a fixed substrate temperature 400°C. The effect of spray time on the structural, morphology, optical and electrical benefits of the CuBiS2 thin films produced by spray pyrolysis methodology were studied. The structure was studied by XRD methodology. The surface texture of the produced films was considered by SEM. The optical benefits of the CuBiS2 films were inquired working with the spectrophotometric method in which the optical transmittance and reflectance beyond a wavelength range 200-2500 nm were measured. The d.c. conductivity was studied at different temperatures for all the prepared CuBiS2 thin films.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42116815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-20DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022946
Ajay Kumar, D. K. Soni
The viability of Taguchi technique to optimise the unconfined compressive strength of polypropylene fibre (PPF) reinforced cohesive soil has been investigated in this paper. Dominating factors for UCS optimisation have also been reported. Eggshell powder and sodium chloride were used to treat the soil and 7, 14 and 21 days cured specimens were tested. The samples were prepared by design of experiments produced by Taguchi technique those arranged in orthogonal arrays. Experimental results were analysed by performing analysis of variance. Finally, optimised conditions were experimentally verified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) results were also studied to explore the microstructural changes and elemental analysis of subjected soil. Overall the study focuses on the potential of the additives to strengthen the weak soil and Taguchi technique for engineering problems. Results obtained from this study might be used for pavement design and ground improvement during foundation works.
{"title":"Strength and microstructural characteristics evaluation of a fibre reinforced fine grained soil using Taguchi technique","authors":"Ajay Kumar, D. K. Soni","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10022946","url":null,"abstract":"The viability of Taguchi technique to optimise the unconfined compressive strength of polypropylene fibre (PPF) reinforced cohesive soil has been investigated in this paper. Dominating factors for UCS optimisation have also been reported. Eggshell powder and sodium chloride were used to treat the soil and 7, 14 and 21 days cured specimens were tested. The samples were prepared by design of experiments produced by Taguchi technique those arranged in orthogonal arrays. Experimental results were analysed by performing analysis of variance. Finally, optimised conditions were experimentally verified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) results were also studied to explore the microstructural changes and elemental analysis of subjected soil. Overall the study focuses on the potential of the additives to strengthen the weak soil and Taguchi technique for engineering problems. Results obtained from this study might be used for pavement design and ground improvement during foundation works.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-18DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023319
A. Dwivedi, S. K. Choudhury
Electric discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most prominent machining processes, which is used across the world for machining and creating intricate shapes in very hard-to-cut electrically conducting materials. This comprehensive study aims to investigate the surface modification and characterisation of thin AISI-D3 tool steel sheets and provides thorough information about the material characteristics, which are quite vital from the design and reliability point of view. The analysis shows that the average improvement in the final surface finish of the machined surface is close to 12%. In addition, the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images confirm the presence of 2.1% copper and 25.22% of carbon on the workpiece surface, showing the tool material transfer at the workpiece surface. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the presence of a thinner recast layer, fewer micro-cracks and very less embedding of tool material on the workpiece surface as compared to the stationary tool process.
{"title":"Surface morphology analysis of AISI-D3 tool steel using rotary tool electric discharge machining process","authors":"A. Dwivedi, S. K. Choudhury","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023319","url":null,"abstract":"Electric discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most prominent machining processes, which is used across the world for machining and creating intricate shapes in very hard-to-cut electrically conducting materials. This comprehensive study aims to investigate the surface modification and characterisation of thin AISI-D3 tool steel sheets and provides thorough information about the material characteristics, which are quite vital from the design and reliability point of view. The analysis shows that the average improvement in the final surface finish of the machined surface is close to 12%. In addition, the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) images confirm the presence of 2.1% copper and 25.22% of carbon on the workpiece surface, showing the tool material transfer at the workpiece surface. Moreover, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the presence of a thinner recast layer, fewer micro-cracks and very less embedding of tool material on the workpiece surface as compared to the stationary tool process.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44911902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-18DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023318
R. Otero, L. Meekisho, L. Canale, G. Totten
For thousands of years, vegetable oils have been used as cooling media to heat treat metals. However, the motivation for employing quenchants formulated with biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable base stocks has seen significant increase due to the environmental appeal to replace petroleum based quenchants. This paper presents an overview of the main aspects and characteristics of vegetable oils that directly influence their commercial application such as structure, classification, biodegradability and toxicity, quenching properties, oxidation and inhibition, and wetting. Further, some applications of vegetable oils as quenchants will be discussed here.
{"title":"Vegetable oil quenchants: a review","authors":"R. Otero, L. Meekisho, L. Canale, G. Totten","doi":"10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMP.2019.10023318","url":null,"abstract":"For thousands of years, vegetable oils have been used as cooling media to heat treat metals. However, the motivation for employing quenchants formulated with biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable base stocks has seen significant increase due to the environmental appeal to replace petroleum based quenchants. This paper presents an overview of the main aspects and characteristics of vegetable oils that directly influence their commercial application such as structure, classification, biodegradability and toxicity, quenching properties, oxidation and inhibition, and wetting. Further, some applications of vegetable oils as quenchants will be discussed here.","PeriodicalId":35049,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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