Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.75-77
Sarosh Saleem, Shalamar Medical, N. Malik, N. Shamsi
Covid 19 pandemic brought many challenges for public and healthcare workers. Healthcare workers all around the world are at the heart of this dreadful situation. While providing critical care to Covid 19 patients, they have faced many clinical as well as ethical dilemmas. The novelty and profound uncertainty associated with the clinical course of the disease introduced a dimension to the context of ethical dilemmas faced in clinical practice.
{"title":"Do Family Wishes Trump Verbal Advance Directive? An Ethics Case Report Amidst COVID-19","authors":"Sarosh Saleem, Shalamar Medical, N. Malik, N. Shamsi","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.75-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.75-77","url":null,"abstract":"Covid 19 pandemic brought many challenges for public and healthcare workers. Healthcare workers all around the world are at the heart of this dreadful situation. While providing critical care to Covid 19 patients, they have faced many clinical as well as ethical dilemmas. The novelty and profound uncertainty associated with the clinical course of the disease introduced a dimension to the context of ethical dilemmas faced in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126241479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.44-49
N. Mansoori, Hiba Tanweer, I. Ahmed, Abdullah, Itesham Noor, S. Mubeen, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar Pakistan House Officer, Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi Kpk Pakistan House Officer
Objectives: To evaluate menstrual hygiene practices among teenage girls and to compare menstrual hygiene practices among secondary and higher secondary school girls in Pakistan Methodology: A cross-sectional study of adolescent girls (grades 9 to 12) from different secondary and higher secondary schools across Pakistan was conducted between November 2017 and September 2018. A pre-tested and standardized questionnaire was administered using a non-probability sampling technique. The menstrual hygiene practices were evaluated and comparisons were made between secondary and higher secondary school girls about these practices. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. P-value < 0.05 was set for being statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 2,000 adolescent girls, an equal number of adolescent girls (n=1,000) were chosen from secondary and higher secondary schools. The mean menarchal age was 12.5 ± 1.2 years. Majority of the participants (63.6%) belonged to public sector schools and (71.3%) responded that menstrual blood comes from the womb. One in five (19.3%) girls missed 2 days/month of school due to pain (54.5%). Two-thirds (68.6%) of the participants were using sanitary pads and one of three changed their pads three times/day, and forty-six percent of the girls were unable to carry out daily activities due to menstrual period. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) association was observed between knowledge of menstruation among secondary and higher secondary school girls. Conclusion: The study showed that menstrual hygiene was understood well among young girls. However, a substantial association was noted between secondary and higher secondary school girls’ hygiene practices.
方法:2017年11月至2018年9月期间，对巴基斯坦不同中学和高中的青春期女孩(9至12年级)进行了一项横断面研究。使用非概率抽样技术进行预测试和标准化问卷调查。对初高中女生的经期卫生习惯进行了评价，并对这些习惯进行了比较。数据分析使用SPSS version 22。p值< 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:在总共2000名青春期女孩中，从中学和高中选择了相同数量的青春期女孩(n= 1000)。平均月经初潮年龄12.5±1.2岁。大多数受访者(63.6%)属于公立学校，71.3%的受访者回答经血来自子宫。五分之一(19.3%)的女孩因疼痛每月缺课两天(54.5%)。三分之二(68.6%)的参与者使用卫生巾，三分之一的人每天更换卫生巾三次，46%的女孩由于月经无法进行日常活动。初高中女生对月经的了解程度与初高中女生有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论:研究表明，年轻女孩对经期卫生有较好的认识。然而，注意到中学和高中女生的卫生习惯之间存在实质性联系。
{"title":"Menstrual Hygiene Practices among Adolescent School Girls in Pakistan","authors":"N. Mansoori, Hiba Tanweer, I. Ahmed, Abdullah, Itesham Noor, S. Mubeen, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar Pakistan House Officer, Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi Kpk Pakistan House Officer","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.44-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.44-49","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate menstrual hygiene practices among teenage girls and to compare menstrual hygiene practices among secondary and higher secondary school girls in Pakistan Methodology: A cross-sectional study of adolescent girls (grades 9 to 12) from different secondary and higher secondary schools across Pakistan was conducted between November 2017 and September 2018. A pre-tested and standardized questionnaire was administered using a non-probability sampling technique. The menstrual hygiene practices were evaluated and comparisons were made between secondary and higher secondary school girls about these practices. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. P-value < 0.05 was set for being statistically significant. Results: Out of a total of 2,000 adolescent girls, an equal number of adolescent girls (n=1,000) were chosen from secondary and higher secondary schools. The mean menarchal age was 12.5 ± 1.2 years. Majority of the participants (63.6%) belonged to public sector schools and (71.3%) responded that menstrual blood comes from the womb. One in five (19.3%) girls missed 2 days/month of school due to pain (54.5%). Two-thirds (68.6%) of the participants were using sanitary pads and one of three changed their pads three times/day, and forty-six percent of the girls were unable to carry out daily activities due to menstrual period. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) association was observed between knowledge of menstruation among secondary and higher secondary school girls. Conclusion: The study showed that menstrual hygiene was understood well among young girls. However, a substantial association was noted between secondary and higher secondary school girls’ hygiene practices.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"2511 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131317826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.66-71
A. Khan, K. Z. Ahmed
Objective: The objective of the study is to identify major pathological biomarkers and their possible mechanisms in arsenic-induced cardiometabolic syndrome. Methodology: The present review summarizes the data and literature taken from previously done studies from Research Gate, Science Direct, PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, and some other scientific databases emphasizing the role of arsenic in cardiometabolic syndrome. The results obtained through this database were assembled, composed, critically elucidated and presented in explanatory and tabular form. Results: The major pathological target of arsenic is antioxidant defense system and increase in Reactive Oxygen Species reduces the Nitric oxide production, reduction in vascular permeability, increases adhesion and production of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-á,), TCs, TGs, LDL-C, lipid peroxidation, â-cells dysfunction. The persistent accumulation and generation of these pathological biomarkers in blood vessels can induce hyperlipidemias, dyslipidemias, atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: There is a need to propose natural antioxidant with minimum side effects in the treatment of CMTs.
{"title":"Arsenic: A Cause of Cardiometabolic Syndromes","authors":"A. Khan, K. Z. Ahmed","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.66-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.66-71","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study is to identify major pathological biomarkers and their possible mechanisms in arsenic-induced cardiometabolic syndrome. Methodology: The present review summarizes the data and literature taken from previously done studies from Research Gate, Science Direct, PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, and some other scientific databases emphasizing the role of arsenic in cardiometabolic syndrome. The results obtained through this database were assembled, composed, critically elucidated and presented in explanatory and tabular form. Results: The major pathological target of arsenic is antioxidant defense system and increase in Reactive Oxygen Species reduces the Nitric oxide production, reduction in vascular permeability, increases adhesion and production of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-á,), TCs, TGs, LDL-C, lipid peroxidation, â-cells dysfunction. The persistent accumulation and generation of these pathological biomarkers in blood vessels can induce hyperlipidemias, dyslipidemias, atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: There is a need to propose natural antioxidant with minimum side effects in the treatment of CMTs.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116038306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.78-79
Umaima Khan
Corona virus disease also known as COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that is caused by the virus SARSCoV- 2, that spreads among the people by respiratory droplets usually produced by sneeze and cough, and by touching an object or surface used by an infected person. As COVID-19 pandemic is increasing, the best way to limit the outbreak is the use of face masks1,2 which helps in preventing transmission of the virus from a person to another by creating a barrier between the oral cavity and the nose of the wearer with the potential contaminants in the surroundings.3
{"title":"Importance of Face Masks during COVID-19","authors":"Umaima Khan","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.78-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.78-79","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus disease also known as COVID-19 is a respiratory infection that is caused by the virus SARSCoV- 2, that spreads among the people by respiratory droplets usually produced by sneeze and cough, and by touching an object or surface used by an infected person. As COVID-19 pandemic is increasing, the best way to limit the outbreak is the use of face masks1,2 which helps in preventing transmission of the virus from a person to another by creating a barrier between the oral cavity and the nose of the wearer with the potential contaminants in the surroundings.3","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124759869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.50-53
A. Ghouri, Badil, Raja, S. Ali, A. Khan
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational training related to disaster preparedness among nursing students at Karachi Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was performed in Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery in Karachi. The study was carried out from June to November 2019 over a period of six months. Total sample size was 40. Both male and female final year nursing students were included. The participants were approached by using non-probability purposive sampling method. Validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Out of total 40 subjects, 19 (47.5%) were males. A large number 23 (57.5%) of respondents’ ages lied between 23 and 27 years. Nearly half 21 (52.5%) of the participants’ educational qualifications were Matriculation. Majority 34 (85%) of participants did not have any formal education of disaster management. On the other hand, few 6 (15%) study participants had training of disaster management. Significance difference was found between pre and post knowledge score of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participant and it is also statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an effect of educational intervention on pre and post knowledge of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participants.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Educational Training related to Disaster Preparedness among Nursing Students","authors":"A. Ghouri, Badil, Raja, S. Ali, A. Khan","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.50-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.50-53","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of educational training related to disaster preparedness among nursing students at Karachi Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was performed in Indus College of Nursing and Midwifery in Karachi. The study was carried out from June to November 2019 over a period of six months. Total sample size was 40. Both male and female final year nursing students were included. The participants were approached by using non-probability purposive sampling method. Validated questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Out of total 40 subjects, 19 (47.5%) were males. A large number 23 (57.5%) of respondents’ ages lied between 23 and 27 years. Nearly half 21 (52.5%) of the participants’ educational qualifications were Matriculation. Majority 34 (85%) of participants did not have any formal education of disaster management. On the other hand, few 6 (15%) study participants had training of disaster management. Significance difference was found between pre and post knowledge score of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participant and it is also statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is an effect of educational intervention on pre and post knowledge of disaster, burns, flood and earthquake practices among study participants.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121361883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.72-74
Hamzulla Khan
To screen the donors for the frequency of different blood groups, reason for deferral and comparative analysis of the donation in two consecutive years in the blood bank of Qazi Hussian Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera, a cross sectional study was carried out from April 25, 2017 to May 5, 2019. A total of 3,429 donors were included in the study. The mean age of donors with standard deviation was 35+ 3.24 years. Three thousand eighteen (88%) of the donors were males. The distribution of RhD+ and RhD- blood groups was 89.90% and 10.09% respectively. The frequency of ‘RhD+ blood groups in target population’ was B: 1226 (35.75%), O: 807 (23.53%), A: 754 (22%) and AB: 296 (8.63%). The frequency of ‘Rh Negative blood groups’ was: B: 139 (4.05%), O: 95 (2.77%), A:84 (2.45%) and AB: 28 (0.82%). The packed cell wastage rate in our blood bank was 185 (5.4%). The donor deferral rate was 0.7%. Hepatitis B Virus was the major cause of deferral that was reported in 14 cases followed by HCV Virus in 13 cases. It was concluded that the frequency of ‘Rh-positive blood group’ was B,O,A and AB respectively. Blood Group B was noted in 35% of the donors that counted to be the major prevalent Rh positive blood group in our population. Regarding the Rh Negative blood group, again the frequency was B,O,A and AB. Blood group B- was prevalent as a major negative blood group in our population that was recorded in 4.05% cases. The seroprevalence of hepatitis in the donors was 0.7%.
{"title":"Frequency of ABO Blood Groups and RhD Factor in Donors of District Nowshera","authors":"Hamzulla Khan","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.72-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.72-74","url":null,"abstract":"To screen the donors for the frequency of different blood groups, reason for deferral and comparative analysis of the donation in two consecutive years in the blood bank of Qazi Hussian Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera, a cross sectional study was carried out from April 25, 2017 to May 5, 2019. A total of 3,429 donors were included in the study. The mean age of donors with standard deviation was 35+ 3.24 years. Three thousand eighteen (88%) of the donors were males. The distribution of RhD+ and RhD- blood groups was 89.90% and 10.09% respectively. The frequency of ‘RhD+ blood groups in target population’ was B: 1226 (35.75%), O: 807 (23.53%), A: 754 (22%) and AB: 296 (8.63%). The frequency of ‘Rh Negative blood groups’ was: B: 139 (4.05%), O: 95 (2.77%), A:84 (2.45%) and AB: 28 (0.82%). The packed cell wastage rate in our blood bank was 185 (5.4%). The donor deferral rate was 0.7%. Hepatitis B Virus was the major cause of deferral that was reported in 14 cases followed by HCV Virus in 13 cases. It was concluded that the frequency of ‘Rh-positive blood group’ was B,O,A and AB respectively. Blood Group B was noted in 35% of the donors that counted to be the major prevalent Rh positive blood group in our population. Regarding the Rh Negative blood group, again the frequency was B,O,A and AB. Blood group B- was prevalent as a major negative blood group in our population that was recorded in 4.05% cases. The seroprevalence of hepatitis in the donors was 0.7%.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114301066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.35-36
R. Bushra
{"title":"Role of Pharmacists in Implementation of Pharmacovigilance in Clinical Settings of Pakistan","authors":"R. Bushra","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.35-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.35-36","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134058853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.16-19
K. Rashid, B. Burki, Ghansham Ratwani, Saleem Ahmed Somro
Objective: To review the diverse histopathological changes found in the cholecystectomy specimens operated for gallstones Methodology: The study was conducted at surgical ward No. 26 of JPMC for 5 years from January 2012 to December 2017. As per policy, specimens from all patients with symptomatic gall stones who underwent cholecystectomy, were sent for histopathology, the reports were reviewed and frequency of different pathological changes were noted. Results: We observed not merely chronic cholecystitis but a plethora of different histopathological changes including tuberculosis, premalignant conditions and carcinomas, with almost no suspicion of existing pathology pre-operatively. Conclusion: This strengthens our belief that every gall bladder specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination.
{"title":"Diverse Histopathological Changes Due to Cholelithiasis Seen in Surgically Removed Gall Bladder Specimens","authors":"K. Rashid, B. Burki, Ghansham Ratwani, Saleem Ahmed Somro","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.16-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To review the diverse histopathological changes found in the cholecystectomy specimens operated for gallstones \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at surgical ward No. 26 of JPMC for 5 years from January 2012 to December 2017. As per policy, specimens from all patients with symptomatic gall stones who underwent cholecystectomy, were sent for histopathology, the reports were reviewed and frequency of different pathological changes were noted. \u0000Results: We observed not merely chronic cholecystitis but a plethora of different histopathological changes including tuberculosis, premalignant conditions and carcinomas, with almost no suspicion of existing pathology pre-operatively. \u0000Conclusion: This strengthens our belief that every gall bladder specimen should be subjected to histopathological examination.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123552971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yousra Shafiq, M. Asghar, H. Ali, Saima Abedien, A. Rehman, Humaira Anser
Objective: To find out the antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous roots extract of Phlomis umbrosa L. against both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates Methodology: Disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) standard was used to examine the in vitro antibacterial activity of P. umbrosa extract while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth dilution technique. Miles and Misra technique was also utilized to count the number of colonies CFU/mL of bacteria at different concentrations of extract. Results: All the studied strains showed a diverse range of vulnerability against both ethanolic and aqueous plant extract. Among all tested isolates, ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa showed highly significant activity against Gram positive isolates i.e. S. aureus (20.1 mm) and B. subtilis (22.9 mm) with least MIC (12.5 mg/mL) and MBC (12.5 mg/mL) as compared to Gram negative isolates. A progressive decline in bacterial colonies (CFU/mL) was observed in Miles and Misra technique. One way ANOVA followed by postHoc Tukey test showed the significant differences in antimicrobial activities of plant extract with two tested antibiotics i.e. Amoxicillin and Erythromycin (10 µg/disc) as positive control at p-value of 0.05. The antimicrobial activity of this plant exhibit may be due to the presence of such chemical constituents namely monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids compounds. Conclusion: It is concluded that roots ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa has a promising antibacterial potential so it can also be used as an alternative medicine to treat different infections for reducing bacterial resistance and side effects associated with antibiotics.
{"title":"In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extract of Against Some Highly Resistant Pathogens","authors":"Yousra Shafiq, M. Asghar, H. Ali, Saima Abedien, A. Rehman, Humaira Anser","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.3-9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous roots extract of Phlomis umbrosa L. against both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates \u0000Methodology: Disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) standard was used to examine the in vitro antibacterial activity of P. umbrosa extract while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth dilution technique. Miles and Misra technique was also utilized to count the number of colonies CFU/mL of bacteria at different concentrations of extract. \u0000Results: All the studied strains showed a diverse range of vulnerability against both ethanolic and aqueous plant extract. Among all tested isolates, ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa showed highly significant activity against Gram positive isolates i.e. S. aureus (20.1 mm) and B. subtilis (22.9 mm) with least MIC (12.5 mg/mL) and MBC (12.5 mg/mL) as compared to Gram negative isolates. A progressive decline in bacterial colonies (CFU/mL) was observed in Miles and Misra technique. One way ANOVA followed by postHoc Tukey test showed the significant differences in antimicrobial activities of plant extract with two tested antibiotics i.e. Amoxicillin and Erythromycin (10 µg/disc) as positive control at p-value of 0.05. The antimicrobial activity of this plant exhibit may be due to the presence of such chemical constituents namely monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids compounds. \u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that roots ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa has a promising antibacterial potential so it can also be used as an alternative medicine to treat different infections for reducing bacterial resistance and side effects associated with antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132170668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v6i1.24-28
A. Shabbir, Zareen Irshad, S. Javed, F. Nadeem, N. Jaffar, S. M. Hasan
Objectives: To determine morphological spectrum of gall bladder diseases at a tertiary care centre of Karachi and to correlate with age and gender Methodology: Data was collected from histopathological records between June 2017 to June 2019. Relevant data including registration number, age, gender of the patients and diagnosis were recorded. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In our study, patients 26-35 years of age were predominantly found to be susceptible to gall bladder diseases and male to female ratio was 1:3.7. Out of the total 150 cases, 75 were identified as chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis whereas 32 cases of chronic cholecystitis were without stones or any other associated pathology. Out of 150 cases, 40 were seen in combination with different pathologies. Our series also included three cases of adenocarcinoma and all of these were diagnosed in females. Significant association of diagnosis was seen with gender and type of stones (p-value = 0.03) (p-value = 0.01) respectively. Conclusion: In our study, chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis was the most common finding which was most predominantly seen in females. Younger age group was mainly affected in both genders. Mixed type of gall stones were the most common stones found in our series.
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