Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.42-44
Umm-E-Habiba Abdul Rauf
Primary small intestinal melanoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, for which scarce literature offers limited evidence for optimal management. We present a case of a 60-year-old female with primary melanoma of ileum. She presented with left sided abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and history of diarrhoea for 15 days. She developed absolute constipation during her preoperative investigations, in which CT scan revealed ileoileal intussusception. She underwent laparotomy for the resection of intussuscepted bowel segment, which revealed a greyish brown mass attached to bowel, later confirmed by histopathology as melanoma. Postoperative detailed clinical investigation revealed no primary cutaneous, hepatic, pulmonary, ocular, or cranial melanotic lesion. Hence, the lesion was classified as primary small bowel melanoma. She was referred to oncologist who started her on adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient expired of cardiopulmonary arrest three months after her diagnosis due to post Chemotherapy side effects.
{"title":"Primary Malignant Melanoma of The Small Intestine","authors":"Umm-E-Habiba Abdul Rauf","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.42-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.42-44","url":null,"abstract":"Primary small intestinal melanoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, for which scarce literature offers limited evidence for optimal management. We present a case of a 60-year-old female with primary melanoma of ileum. She presented with left sided abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and history of diarrhoea for 15 days. She developed absolute constipation during her preoperative investigations, in which CT scan revealed ileoileal intussusception. She underwent laparotomy for the resection of intussuscepted bowel segment, which revealed a greyish brown mass attached to bowel, later confirmed by histopathology as melanoma. Postoperative detailed clinical investigation revealed no primary cutaneous, hepatic, pulmonary, ocular, or cranial melanotic lesion. Hence, the lesion was classified as primary small bowel melanoma. She was referred to oncologist who started her on adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient expired of cardiopulmonary arrest three months after her diagnosis due to post Chemotherapy side effects.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.20-25
Sarah Amin Charania Amin Charania, Gati Ara, Asaad Khalid Khan, A. Sheikh, M. Devi, Aarish Lalani
Objectives: To assess the preference for print or electronic media among undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Karachi and to compare the students of public versus private medical and dental colleges according to the study methods they prioritize Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of more than a year. At the confidence level of 95% and bound on error of 5%, a minimum sample size of 384 was calculated and sample size of 477 was finalized after allowing for a non-response rate of 24%. The convenience sampling technique was employed to select medical students. Data was collected using a structured, self- administered questionnaire in English language after a written Informed Consent was obtained from each participant. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The quantitative variables were represented as mean and standard deviation. The qualitative variables were represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test of significance was applied for finding any significant differences. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Result: The mean age of n=477 students was 21+/- 2 years. Majority were MBBS students, with 53% from public institutes. We found that 52% students preferred print medium, whereas 26% students preferred screens. There was an association between public sector colleges and preferring print medium (p= 0.0001). A significant association was found between gender and method of study (p=0.0001). Age was associated with preference for print medium (p=0.02), also higher level of study was associated with preferring print medium (p=0.001). Most students prioritized books (71%) but retained better with videos (63%). Most students (56%) preferred textbooks over reference books. Dr. Najeeb's videos were the most preferred videos (75%), furthermore, the most used site was Wikipedia (48%). Internet was the top source for preparing for PBLs (50%). Conclusion: The study showed that majority students still prefer print medium and prioritize books over other methods. Students claimed that they retain best with videos and books. So, increasing the use of videos for teaching is recommended. The Pandemic has necessitated the increased use of online teaching modalities. Students should be encouraged to use more reliable websites.
目的:评估卡拉奇医学和牙科学院本科生对印刷或电子媒体的偏好，并根据他们优先考虑的学习方法比较公立和私立医学和牙科学院的学生。方法:进行了一年多的横断面调查。在95%的置信水平和5%的误差限下，计算最小样本量为384，在考虑24%的无应答率后，最终样本量为477。采用方便抽样法对医学生进行抽样调查。在每位参与者获得书面知情同意后，使用结构化的、自我管理的英语问卷收集数据。数据分析采用SPSS version 20。定量变量用均值和标准差表示。定性变量用频率和百分比表示。采用卡方显著性检验来发现任何显著差异。p值小于0.05为显著性。结果:n=477名学生平均年龄为21±2岁。大多数是MBBS学生，其中53%来自公立学院。我们发现52%的学生更喜欢印刷媒体，而26%的学生更喜欢屏幕。公立学院与偏爱印刷媒体之间存在关联(p= 0.0001)。性别与研究方法之间存在显著相关性(p=0.0001)。年龄与对印刷介质的偏好相关(p=0.02)，较高的学习水平与对印刷介质的偏好相关(p=0.001)。大多数学生优先选择书籍(71%)，但视频(63%)保留得更好。大多数学生(56%)更喜欢教科书而不是参考书。Najeeb博士的视频是最受欢迎的视频(75%)，此外，使用最多的网站是维基百科(48%)。互联网是pbl准备的主要来源(50%)。结论:研究表明，大多数学生仍然更喜欢纸质媒体，优先考虑书籍。学生们声称他们用视频和书本记忆效果最好。因此，建议增加视频教学的使用。大流行使得有必要更多地使用在线教学方式。应该鼓励学生使用更可靠的网站。
{"title":"Print or Electronic: Preferences of the New Generation of Medical and Dentistry Students","authors":"Sarah Amin Charania Amin Charania, Gati Ara, Asaad Khalid Khan, A. Sheikh, M. Devi, Aarish Lalani","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the preference for print or electronic media among undergraduate students of medical and dental colleges of Karachi and to compare the students of public versus private medical and dental colleges according to the study methods they prioritize Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of more than a year. At the confidence level of 95% and bound on error of 5%, a minimum sample size of 384 was calculated and sample size of 477 was finalized after allowing for a non-response rate of 24%. The convenience sampling technique was employed to select medical students. Data was collected using a structured, self- administered questionnaire in English language after a written Informed Consent was obtained from each participant. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The quantitative variables were represented as mean and standard deviation. The qualitative variables were represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test of significance was applied for finding any significant differences. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Result: The mean age of n=477 students was 21+/- 2 years. Majority were MBBS students, with 53% from public institutes. We found that 52% students preferred print medium, whereas 26% students preferred screens. There was an association between public sector colleges and preferring print medium (p= 0.0001). A significant association was found between gender and method of study (p=0.0001). Age was associated with preference for print medium (p=0.02), also higher level of study was associated with preferring print medium (p=0.001). Most students prioritized books (71%) but retained better with videos (63%). Most students (56%) preferred textbooks over reference books. Dr. Najeeb's videos were the most preferred videos (75%), furthermore, the most used site was Wikipedia (48%). Internet was the top source for preparing for PBLs (50%). Conclusion: The study showed that majority students still prefer print medium and prioritize books over other methods. Students claimed that they retain best with videos and books. So, increasing the use of videos for teaching is recommended. The Pandemic has necessitated the increased use of online teaching modalities. Students should be encouraged to use more reliable websites.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127380371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayesha Mehwish, Yasmeen Mahar, S. Khalid, Rida Rubab, Mariya Azam Khattak, Sahal Salman
Objective: To determine the association of Brodsky Tonsillar Grading with age, gender, body mass index, and neck circumference in adults Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2020. A total of 54 adults with tonsillar hypertrophy were included. History and demographic details of each subject were noted. Both right and left tonsil sizes were graded using Brodsky Grading. Height, weight, and neck circumference was measured. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0. Results: Age was associated significantly (p-value 0.0009) with Brodsky Tonsillar Grading for the right tonsil whereas it was insignificant for the left tonsil (p-value 0.25). Insignificant association between clinical grading of tonsils with gender (male n = 29, p-value 0.079 and female n =25, p-value 0.343) was found. Thirty one study participants were found to have normal BMI, 14 were overweight whereas 9 individuals were obese. Significant association was found between Brodsky Grading for right tonsil (p-value 0.014) and BMI. Statistically non-significant association was found between Brodsky Grading for left tonsil (p-value 0.216) and BMI. Regarding neck circumference and clinical grading, significant relationship was found with p-value 0.002 and 0.014 respectively. Conclusion: Brodsky Tonsillar Grading was associated positively with age and BMI for the right side and with neck circumference for both the sides. Therefore clinical assessment of tonsils by grading and anthropometric measurements are helpful in recognition of patient’s condition and treatment.
目的:确定Brodsky扁桃体分级与成人年龄、性别、体重指数和颈围的关系。方法:2020年1月至7月在卡拉奇PNS Shifa医院进行了一项横断面研究。共纳入54例扁桃体肥大的成年人。记录了每个主题的历史和人口统计细节。采用Brodsky分级法对左右扁桃体大小进行分级。测量身高、体重和颈围。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0进行分析。结果:右侧扁桃体的年龄与Brodsky扁桃体分级有显著相关性(p值0.0009)，而左侧扁桃体的年龄与Brodsky扁桃体分级无显著相关性(p值0.25)。扁桃体临床分级与性别(男性n = 29, p值0.079，女性n =25, p值0.343)的相关性不显著。31名研究参与者的身体质量指数正常，14人超重，9人肥胖。右扁桃体Brodsky分级与BMI有显著相关性(p值为0.014)。左扁桃体Brodsky分级与BMI无统计学意义(p值0.216)。颈围与临床分级的p值分别为0.002和0.014，差异有统计学意义。结论:Brodsky扁桃体分级与右侧患者的年龄和BMI呈正相关，与两侧患者的颈围呈正相关。因此，扁桃体分级和人体测量的临床评估有助于识别患者的病情和治疗。
{"title":"Relationship of Brodsky Tonsillar Grading in Adults with Age, Gender, and Anthropometric Measurements","authors":"Ayesha Mehwish, Yasmeen Mahar, S. Khalid, Rida Rubab, Mariya Azam Khattak, Sahal Salman","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the association of Brodsky Tonsillar Grading with age, gender, body mass index, and neck circumference in adults Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi from January to July 2020. A total of 54 adults with tonsillar hypertrophy were included. History and demographic details of each subject were noted. Both right and left tonsil sizes were graded using Brodsky Grading. Height, weight, and neck circumference was measured. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23.0. Results: Age was associated significantly (p-value 0.0009) with Brodsky Tonsillar Grading for the right tonsil whereas it was insignificant for the left tonsil (p-value 0.25). Insignificant association between clinical grading of tonsils with gender (male n = 29, p-value 0.079 and female n =25, p-value 0.343) was found. Thirty one study participants were found to have normal BMI, 14 were overweight whereas 9 individuals were obese. Significant association was found between Brodsky Grading for right tonsil (p-value 0.014) and BMI. Statistically non-significant association was found between Brodsky Grading for left tonsil (p-value 0.216) and BMI. Regarding neck circumference and clinical grading, significant relationship was found with p-value 0.002 and 0.014 respectively. Conclusion: Brodsky Tonsillar Grading was associated positively with age and BMI for the right side and with neck circumference for both the sides. Therefore clinical assessment of tonsils by grading and anthropometric measurements are helpful in recognition of patient’s condition and treatment.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"713 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116972139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.9-14
Hira Tariq, Uzma Qadri, A. Memon, Shiraz Shaikh, Umm-e- Rabab Rabab, Lubna Mazharullah, Samina Zaib, Lubna Ansari Baig
Objective: To determine the effect of masks distribution and awareness pamphlets on practices of social distancing and infection prevention at small shops of essential items during the time of COVID 19 Pandemic Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study in which three cycles of observations were carried out at 120 small shops of essential items before, immediately, and two weeks after the intervention during weekdays and weekends. Interventions introduced included the distribution of masks and awareness pamphlets on physical distancing and infection prevention and an educational session with shopkeepers. The main outcome measures were practices of shopkeepers and customers related to wearing masks properly and maintenance of distance of at least three feet. The outcome indicators were compared using the Cochrane Q test. Results: Before the intervention on weekdays, only 4.1% of shops had any system of hand hygiene which increased to 19.6% immediately post intervention but reduced to 0% two weeks after the intervention. The practice of wearing a mask with nose covered increased from 13.2% before the intervention to 62.3% immediately after the intervention, however, it dropped to 30.8% two weeks after the intervention. Comparison of distance maintenance between the customers showed that none of the customers maintained three feet distance between themselves before the intervention, which improved to 9.5% immediately after the intervention but reduced to 1.8% two weeks after the intervention. Conclusion: Practices of infection prevention at small shops were found to be poor, which showed temporary improvement post-intervention. Sustained regulatory and educational measures are needed to improve the practices.
{"title":"A Campaign to Improve Practices of Infection Prevention at Small Shops of Essential Items During the Time of Covid 19 Pandemic","authors":"Hira Tariq, Uzma Qadri, A. Memon, Shiraz Shaikh, Umm-e- Rabab Rabab, Lubna Mazharullah, Samina Zaib, Lubna Ansari Baig","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effect of masks distribution and awareness pamphlets on practices of social distancing and infection prevention at small shops of essential items during the time of COVID 19 Pandemic Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study in which three cycles of observations were carried out at 120 small shops of essential items before, immediately, and two weeks after the intervention during weekdays and weekends. Interventions introduced included the distribution of masks and awareness pamphlets on physical distancing and infection prevention and an educational session with shopkeepers. The main outcome measures were practices of shopkeepers and customers related to wearing masks properly and maintenance of distance of at least three feet. The outcome indicators were compared using the Cochrane Q test. Results: Before the intervention on weekdays, only 4.1% of shops had any system of hand hygiene which increased to 19.6% immediately post intervention but reduced to 0% two weeks after the intervention. The practice of wearing a mask with nose covered increased from 13.2% before the intervention to 62.3% immediately after the intervention, however, it dropped to 30.8% two weeks after the intervention. Comparison of distance maintenance between the customers showed that none of the customers maintained three feet distance between themselves before the intervention, which improved to 9.5% immediately after the intervention but reduced to 1.8% two weeks after the intervention. Conclusion: Practices of infection prevention at small shops were found to be poor, which showed temporary improvement post-intervention. Sustained regulatory and educational measures are needed to improve the practices.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121179490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.15-19
Ambreen Khalid, A. Sadiqa
Objective: To determine the perceptions of 1st and 2nd year MBBS Students about structured Viva Voce Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore, on 92 students. Duration of study was from July to December 2018. A questionnaire (based on 5 points Likert scale) was generated in Google forms and link was shared with the participants. The analysis was done by using SPSS version 21, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Chi-Square Test was applied. Results: Out of total 92 students, 32% belonged to the 1st and 68% to 2nd year MBBS. Majority of the 2nd year students (50.8%) showed their satisfaction regarding fairness and coverage of wide range of critical areas by Viva Voce as compared to the 1st year students. Greater percentage of students from both years consider that viva voce covered wide range of critical areas and were satisfied with level of difficulty and logical sequencing of viva voce questions. More than half of the participants from both classes consider it a valid assessment tool. Majority of 1st (65%) and 2nd year (63.1%) students thought that this tool of assessment highlighted their weaknesses and significantly higher number of 2nd year students consider that viva can highlight their strengths regarding the topic. Conclusion: Majority of students from both years showed their satisfaction regarding various aspects of Viva Voce. However, significantly greater number of 2nd year students were satisfied with the capability of Viva Voce in highlighting their strengths as compared to 1st year students.
目的:确定一年级和二年级MBBS学生对结构化万岁方法的看法:这项横断面研究是在拉合尔沙拉玛医学和牙科学院对92名学生进行的。学习时间为2018年7月至12月。一份问卷(基于5分李克特量表)在谷歌表格中生成，并与参与者共享链接。采用SPSS version 21进行分析，计算频率和百分比，采用卡方检验。结果:92名学生中，一年级占32%，二年级占68%。与一年级学生相比，大多数二年级学生(50.8%)对Viva Voce的公平性和广泛的关键领域的覆盖表示满意。两年级的学生中有较大比例的人认为，活体语音涵盖了广泛的关键领域，并且对活体语音问题的难度水平和逻辑顺序感到满意。两个班一半以上的参与者都认为这是一个有效的评估工具。大多数一年级(65%)和二年级(63.1%)的学生认为这个评估工具突出了他们的弱点，而更多的二年级学生认为viva可以突出他们在主题方面的优势。结论:两届的大部分学生对Viva voice的各个方面都表示满意。然而，与一年级学生相比，更多的二年级学生对Viva voice突出自己优势的能力感到满意。
{"title":"Perceptions of First and Second Year Medical Students to Improve Structured Viva Voce as an Assessment Tool","authors":"Ambreen Khalid, A. Sadiqa","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.15-19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the perceptions of 1st and 2nd year MBBS Students about structured Viva Voce Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore, on 92 students. Duration of study was from July to December 2018. A questionnaire (based on 5 points Likert scale) was generated in Google forms and link was shared with the participants. The analysis was done by using SPSS version 21, frequencies and percentages were calculated, and Chi-Square Test was applied. Results: Out of total 92 students, 32% belonged to the 1st and 68% to 2nd year MBBS. Majority of the 2nd year students (50.8%) showed their satisfaction regarding fairness and coverage of wide range of critical areas by Viva Voce as compared to the 1st year students. Greater percentage of students from both years consider that viva voce covered wide range of critical areas and were satisfied with level of difficulty and logical sequencing of viva voce questions. More than half of the participants from both classes consider it a valid assessment tool. Majority of 1st (65%) and 2nd year (63.1%) students thought that this tool of assessment highlighted their weaknesses and significantly higher number of 2nd year students consider that viva can highlight their strengths regarding the topic. Conclusion: Majority of students from both years showed their satisfaction regarding various aspects of Viva Voce. However, significantly greater number of 2nd year students were satisfied with the capability of Viva Voce in highlighting their strengths as compared to 1st year students.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127411129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The healthcare contingency due to COVID-19 compelled social distancing measures that drastically altered day-to-day education delivery. The education of healthcare professionals was affected the most as they specifically require students to work collaboratively and closely with the patients. However, within this turmoil, the pandemic provided opportunities for institutes, faculty, and students to develop innovative methods for achieving their learning outcomes through virtual or remote learning. Thereby, in several institutes, faculty and students adapted to the virtual or remote learning methods to minimise the effects of social distancing1 and attempted to create the “new normal” in healthcare education. As the Covid pandemic decreases and the educational activities revive in campuses, it is prudent to suggest if the “new normal” in healthcare education will continue. Therefore, this editorial looks at potential variables that healthcare educators may contemplate while providing post-covid medical and dental education.
{"title":"Undergraduate Medical Education in the Post Covid Era","authors":"S. Shamim, Syed Jaffar i Abbas Zaid","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The healthcare contingency due to COVID-19 compelled social distancing measures that drastically altered day-to-day education delivery. The education of healthcare professionals was affected the most as they specifically require students to work collaboratively and closely with the patients. However, within this turmoil, the pandemic provided opportunities for institutes, faculty, and students to develop innovative methods for achieving their learning outcomes through virtual or remote learning. Thereby, in several institutes, faculty and students adapted to the virtual or remote learning methods to minimise the effects of social distancing1 and attempted to create the “new normal” in healthcare education. As the Covid pandemic decreases and the educational activities revive in campuses, it is prudent to suggest if the “new normal” in healthcare education will continue. Therefore, this editorial looks at potential variables that healthcare educators may contemplate while providing post-covid medical and dental education.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.30-35
Sadia Rehman, S Kumar, K. Nisar, Zara Sami, F. Mehboob, Suniya Rehman
Objective: To assess the oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to low density lipoprotein (LDL) ratio as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients Methodology: This case control study was carried out at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Karachi, from January to December 2018. The haemodialysis patients were selected from the dialysis center (group B) whereas the controls were recruited from normal healthy population (group A). To access the status of atherosclerosis, doppler ultrasonography technique was employed to detect the intima media thickness (IMT) ratio of common carotid artery of study subjects as well as controls. Lipid peroxidation was detected by serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels. Results: The mean of carotid artery intima thickness in group A was 0.43±0.02, the mean intima thickness of group B samples was 1.0±0.09. The mean ratio of Ox-LDL/LDL in group A was 0.003±0.001. While in group B the mean of Ox-LDL: LDL was 0.012±0.002. Ox-LDL was found to have a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio (r=0.8) in haemodialysis group. Conclusion: Ox-LDL to LDL ratio is much enhanced in patients on maintenance haemodialysis showing increased lipid peroxidation. Ox-LDL has a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio which is a marker of sub clinical atherosclerosis. Early detection of elevated Ox-LDL will help nephrologists in early detection and treatment of sub clinical atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Association of Elevated Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein to Low Density Lipoprotein Ratio (Ox LDL/LDL) with Sub Clinical Atherosclerosis in Patients Receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis","authors":"Sadia Rehman, S Kumar, K. Nisar, Zara Sami, F. Mehboob, Suniya Rehman","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.30-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.30-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to low density lipoprotein (LDL) ratio as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients Methodology: This case control study was carried out at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Karachi, from January to December 2018. The haemodialysis patients were selected from the dialysis center (group B) whereas the controls were recruited from normal healthy population (group A). To access the status of atherosclerosis, doppler ultrasonography technique was employed to detect the intima media thickness (IMT) ratio of common carotid artery of study subjects as well as controls. Lipid peroxidation was detected by serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels. Results: The mean of carotid artery intima thickness in group A was 0.43±0.02, the mean intima thickness of group B samples was 1.0±0.09. The mean ratio of Ox-LDL/LDL in group A was 0.003±0.001. While in group B the mean of Ox-LDL: LDL was 0.012±0.002. Ox-LDL was found to have a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio (r=0.8) in haemodialysis group. Conclusion: Ox-LDL to LDL ratio is much enhanced in patients on maintenance haemodialysis showing increased lipid peroxidation. Ox-LDL has a positive linear relationship with mean carotid artery intima media thickness ratio which is a marker of sub clinical atherosclerosis. Early detection of elevated Ox-LDL will help nephrologists in early detection and treatment of sub clinical atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126399224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.36-41
M. Zubair, Perviz Khan, Uzair Ahmad, Syed Zain Ul Abidin, Saeed Ullah Shah, Abeer Kazmi
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among dentists working in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 132 dentists working in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. The data was collected from four public and three private tertiary care hospitals via convenience sampling technique. A standard Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, Kamath and Stothard Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Phalen’s Test were used. The data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables and chi-square test was applied to find the association between variables. Results: A total of 132 dentists participated in this research out of whom 65 (49.2%) were males while 67 (50.8%) were females. Twenty-eight (21.2%) respondents reported the symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Fifteen (11.4 %) respondents had mild pain and 13 (9.8%) had moderate pain. The participants’ ages ranged between 25 and 30 years (66.7%), and 107 (81.1%) had a working experience of less than 10 years. Ninety-one (68.9%) dentists were working for 6-8 hours per day and 57 (43.2%) of the participants had a normal body mass index (BMI) ratio. Conclusion: Dentists who work in hospitals of Peshawar appear to suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Dentists who have more hours of contact time with patients per day have increased risk of CTS symptoms but no association was found between gender and CTS symptoms. Furthermore, the symptoms of CTS increased with age.
{"title":"Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Dentists Working in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"M. Zubair, Perviz Khan, Uzair Ahmad, Syed Zain Ul Abidin, Saeed Ullah Shah, Abeer Kazmi","doi":"10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.36-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/ajsmu.v8i1.36-41","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among dentists working in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 132 dentists working in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. The data was collected from four public and three private tertiary care hospitals via convenience sampling technique. A standard Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, Kamath and Stothard Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Phalen’s Test were used. The data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variables and chi-square test was applied to find the association between variables. Results: A total of 132 dentists participated in this research out of whom 65 (49.2%) were males while 67 (50.8%) were females. Twenty-eight (21.2%) respondents reported the symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Fifteen (11.4 %) respondents had mild pain and 13 (9.8%) had moderate pain. The participants’ ages ranged between 25 and 30 years (66.7%), and 107 (81.1%) had a working experience of less than 10 years. Ninety-one (68.9%) dentists were working for 6-8 hours per day and 57 (43.2%) of the participants had a normal body mass index (BMI) ratio. Conclusion: Dentists who work in hospitals of Peshawar appear to suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Dentists who have more hours of contact time with patients per day have increased risk of CTS symptoms but no association was found between gender and CTS symptoms. Furthermore, the symptoms of CTS increased with age.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126669158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.54-59
Amna Khan, N. Jaffar, S. Razzak, Faizan Zeesahn, Asma Shabbir, S. Ishaque
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of community pharmacies about recommended methods of drug disposal and hazardous effects of improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste and to determine the attitude as well as practice of community pharmacies about the proper disposal of pharmaceutical waste. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 139 community pharmacies in Karachi, Pakistan by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Predesigned structured questionnaire was distributed to different community pharmacies in Karachi and filled questionnaires were collected after one day. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 Results: About 65 (46.8%) of the participants reported to have a system for regularly removing the expired or unused drugs by returning them to contractors/distributors. More than half 86 (61.9%) of the participants disposed of solid, liquid, semi-solid, controlled, and p-listed drugs in the rubbish bin. Approximately half of the participants believed that standard method for disposal of solid, liquid, semi-solid, controlled, and p-listed drugs is by flushing them down the toilet/sink. Conclusion: Our study showed that knowledge and practices of community pharmacies regarding disposal of unused and expired medicines were not satisfactory. However, most of the participants were well aware of the harmful effects caused by improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste on environment and showed positive attitude towards learning safe methods of management and disposal of unused and expired drugs.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal in Community Pharmacies of Karachi","authors":"Amna Khan, N. Jaffar, S. Razzak, Faizan Zeesahn, Asma Shabbir, S. Ishaque","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.54-59","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of community pharmacies about recommended methods of drug disposal and hazardous effects of improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste and to determine the attitude as well as practice of community pharmacies about the proper disposal of pharmaceutical waste. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 139 community pharmacies in Karachi, Pakistan by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Predesigned structured questionnaire was distributed to different community pharmacies in Karachi and filled questionnaires were collected after one day. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 Results: About 65 (46.8%) of the participants reported to have a system for regularly removing the expired or unused drugs by returning them to contractors/distributors. More than half 86 (61.9%) of the participants disposed of solid, liquid, semi-solid, controlled, and p-listed drugs in the rubbish bin. Approximately half of the participants believed that standard method for disposal of solid, liquid, semi-solid, controlled, and p-listed drugs is by flushing them down the toilet/sink. Conclusion: Our study showed that knowledge and practices of community pharmacies regarding disposal of unused and expired medicines were not satisfactory. However, most of the participants were well aware of the harmful effects caused by improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste on environment and showed positive attitude towards learning safe methods of management and disposal of unused and expired drugs.","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128594576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.37-43
Muhammad Irfan Shereen, Mohsin Shah, Sami Siraj, M. Ali, M. Shereen, Abeer Kazmi
Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the skin related inflammatory diseases that affects a low percentage of population around the globe. Vitamin D through Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) also regulates the function of white blood cells in psoriasis. Mutations in VDR gene have shown abnormalities in immune responses like psoriatic arthritis. To determine the possible association between Vitamin D Receptor (ApaI and TaqI) gene polymorphism and psoriasis, a case-control study was designed and conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar and health units of Peshawar. Method: This multi-centre study included 220 samples (110 cases of psoriatic disease and 110 healthy controls). DNA was extracted using modified salting out protocol. VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI and ApaI) were genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system using polymerase chain reaction (ARMSPCR) method. Results were statistically analyzed. Result: Our study showed significant association between VDR gene (TaqI, ApaI) polymorphisms and psoriasis with p-value of 0.009 (0.0019 and 0.0162) and odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for psoriasis of CC vs CT (TaqI) and AA vs AC (ApaI) were 2.963 (95% CI: 1.508-5.743) and 2.293 (95% CI:1.22-4.246) respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI, ApaI) are significantly associated with onset and progression of psoriasis, and mutations in these loci are risk factors for development of psoriasis. Key words: Psoriasis, VDR polymorphism, TaqI, ApaI, South Asia, Pakistan
{"title":"Association of Vitamin D and its Receptor (VDR) Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (ApaI and TaqI) with Risk of Psoriasis","authors":"Muhammad Irfan Shereen, Mohsin Shah, Sami Siraj, M. Ali, M. Shereen, Abeer Kazmi","doi":"10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46663/AJSMU.V6I2.37-43","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the skin related inflammatory diseases that affects a low percentage of population around the globe. Vitamin D through Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) also regulates the function of white blood cells in psoriasis. Mutations in VDR gene have shown abnormalities in immune responses like psoriatic arthritis. To determine the possible association between Vitamin D Receptor (ApaI and TaqI) gene polymorphism and psoriasis, a case-control study was designed and conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar and health units of Peshawar. Method: This multi-centre study included 220 samples (110 cases of psoriatic disease and 110 healthy controls). DNA was extracted using modified salting out protocol. VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI and ApaI) were genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system using polymerase chain reaction (ARMSPCR) method. Results were statistically analyzed. Result: Our study showed significant association between VDR gene (TaqI, ApaI) polymorphisms and psoriasis with p-value of 0.009 (0.0019 and 0.0162) and odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for psoriasis of CC vs CT (TaqI) and AA vs AC (ApaI) were 2.963 (95% CI: 1.508-5.743) and 2.293 (95% CI:1.22-4.246) respectively. Conclusion: Findings indicate that VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI, ApaI) are significantly associated with onset and progression of psoriasis, and mutations in these loci are risk factors for development of psoriasis. Key words: Psoriasis, VDR polymorphism, TaqI, ApaI, South Asia, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":350655,"journal":{"name":"ANNALS of JINNAH SINDH MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131663034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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