Recent survey research suggests that individuals with Down syndrome use computers for a variety of educational, communication, and entertainment activities. However, there has been no analysis of the actual computer knowledge and skills of employment-aged computer users with Down syndrome. We conducted an ethnographic observation that aims at examining the workplace-related computer skills of expert users with Down syndrome. The results show that expert users with Down syndrome have the ability to use computers for basic workplace tasks such as word processing, data entry, and communication.
{"title":"Understanding the computer skills of adult expert users with down syndrome: an exploratory study","authors":"J. Lazar, L. Kumin, Jinjuan Feng","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049548","url":null,"abstract":"Recent survey research suggests that individuals with Down syndrome use computers for a variety of educational, communication, and entertainment activities. However, there has been no analysis of the actual computer knowledge and skills of employment-aged computer users with Down syndrome. We conducted an ethnographic observation that aims at examining the workplace-related computer skills of expert users with Down syndrome. The results show that expert users with Down syndrome have the ability to use computers for basic workplace tasks such as word processing, data entry, and communication.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the process undertaken to develop software that allows children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to explore social situations, in particular the concept of sharing. The User-Centred Design (UCD) process is described, along with adaptations made to alleviate anxiety resulting from the reduced social skills seen in ASD.
{"title":"Developing for autism with user-centred design","authors":"R. Menzies","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049624","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process undertaken to develop software that allows children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) to explore social situations, in particular the concept of sharing. The User-Centred Design (UCD) process is described, along with adaptations made to alleviate anxiety resulting from the reduced social skills seen in ASD.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To an outsider it may appear as though an individual with aphasia has poor cognitive function. However, the problem resides in the individual's receptive and expressive language, and not in their ability to think. This misperception, paired with a lack of empathy, can have a direct impact on quality of life and medical care. Hailpern's 2011 paper on ACES demonstrated a novel system that enabled users (e.g., caregivers, therapists, family) to experience first hand the communication-distorting effects of aphasia. While their paper illustrated the impact of ACES on empathy, it did not validate the underlying distortion emulation. This paper provides a validation of ACES' distortions through a Turing Test experiment with participants from the Speech and Hearing Science community. It illustrates that text samples generated with ACES distortions are generally not distinguishable from text samples originating from individuals with aphasia. This paper explores ACES distortions through a `How Human' is it test, in which participants explicitly rate how human- or computer-like distortions appear to be.
{"title":"ACES: aphasia emulation, realism, and the turing test","authors":"J. Hailpern, Marina Danilevsky, Karrie Karahalios","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049553","url":null,"abstract":"To an outsider it may appear as though an individual with aphasia has poor cognitive function. However, the problem resides in the individual's receptive and expressive language, and not in their ability to think. This misperception, paired with a lack of empathy, can have a direct impact on quality of life and medical care. Hailpern's 2011 paper on ACES demonstrated a novel system that enabled users (e.g., caregivers, therapists, family) to experience first hand the communication-distorting effects of aphasia. While their paper illustrated the impact of ACES on empathy, it did not validate the underlying distortion emulation. This paper provides a validation of ACES' distortions through a Turing Test experiment with participants from the Speech and Hearing Science community. It illustrates that text samples generated with ACES distortions are generally not distinguishable from text samples originating from individuals with aphasia. This paper explores ACES distortions through a `How Human' is it test, in which participants explicitly rate how human- or computer-like distortions appear to be.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114844525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a pilot test on the use of a drawing software program as an evaluation method for experiments with deaf children. As deaf children are visual learners, evaluation methods based on drawings seem to be a good alternative to traditional ones. We tested the effectiveness of such a method with a group of deaf children, all raised orally apparently without any knowledge of sign language, and a few hearing children, from eight to fourteen years old. As a testbed, we evaluated the readability of a set of stories, part of a literacy software tool for deaf children. All participants were relaxed and collaborative during the test. The results are promising.
{"title":"E-drawings as an evaluation method with deaf children","authors":"O. Mich","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049586","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a pilot test on the use of a drawing software program as an evaluation method for experiments with deaf children. As deaf children are visual learners, evaluation methods based on drawings seem to be a good alternative to traditional ones. We tested the effectiveness of such a method with a group of deaf children, all raised orally apparently without any knowledge of sign language, and a few hearing children, from eight to fourteen years old. As a testbed, we evaluated the readability of a set of stories, part of a literacy software tool for deaf children. All participants were relaxed and collaborative during the test. The results are promising.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124352416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Navigation and wayfinding","authors":"J. Abascal","doi":"10.1145/3253154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3253154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124132594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Assistive technology design paradigms","authors":"Vicki Hanson","doi":"10.1145/3253153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3253153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127602271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A visit to hospital is traumatic for both a patient with disabilities and their family members, especially when the patient has no or limited functional speech [1]. For adults with Severe Speech and Physical Impairments (SSPI) being hospitalized presents particular challenges as hospital staff are often unaware of how the adult with SSPI communicates and what their basic care needs are. The CHAMPION project aimed to develop a piece of software which would allow an adult with SSPI to input multimedia information on their care needs and on the "person behind the patient". It was hoped that the system could be used by the person with SSPI as independently as possible. The aim would then be for the information to be accessed in hospital. The first stage of the process has now been completed with the input and output software developed using User Centred Design techniques. What is now required is an investigation into the efficacy of the software in the real life hospital setting.
{"title":"The CHAMPION software project","authors":"Suzanne Prior, A. Waller, T. Kroll","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049610","url":null,"abstract":"A visit to hospital is traumatic for both a patient with disabilities and their family members, especially when the patient has no or limited functional speech [1]. For adults with Severe Speech and Physical Impairments (SSPI) being hospitalized presents particular challenges as hospital staff are often unaware of how the adult with SSPI communicates and what their basic care needs are. The CHAMPION project aimed to develop a piece of software which would allow an adult with SSPI to input multimedia information on their care needs and on the \"person behind the patient\". It was hoped that the system could be used by the person with SSPI as independently as possible. The aim would then be for the information to be accessed in hospital. The first stage of the process has now been completed with the input and output software developed using User Centred Design techniques. What is now required is an investigation into the efficacy of the software in the real life hospital setting.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126270062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual aesthetics enhances user experience in the context of the World Wide Web (Web). Accordingly, many studies report positive relationships between Web aesthetics and facets of user experience like usability and credibility, but does this hold for accessibility also? This paper describes an empirical investigation towards this end. The aesthetic judgements of 30 sighted Web users were elicited to understand what types of Web design come across as being visually pleasing. Participants judged 50 homepages based on Lavie and Tractinsky's classical and expressive Web aesthetics framework. A cross-section of the homepages were then manually audited for accessibility compliance by 11 Web accessibility experts who used a heuristic evaluation technique known as the Barrier Walkthrough (BW) method to check for accessibility barriers that could affect people with visual impairments. Web pages judged on the classical dimension as being visually clean showed significant correlations with accessibility, suggesting that visual cleanness may be a suitable proxy measure for accessibility as far as people with visual impairments are concerned. Expressive designs and other aesthetic dimensions showed no such correlation, however, demonstrating that an expressive or aesthetically pleasing Web design is not a barrier to accessibility.
{"title":"The interplay between web aesthetics and accessibility","authors":"Grace Mbipom","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049564","url":null,"abstract":"Visual aesthetics enhances user experience in the context of the World Wide Web (Web). Accordingly, many studies report positive relationships between Web aesthetics and facets of user experience like usability and credibility, but does this hold for accessibility also? This paper describes an empirical investigation towards this end. The aesthetic judgements of 30 sighted Web users were elicited to understand what types of Web design come across as being visually pleasing. Participants judged 50 homepages based on Lavie and Tractinsky's classical and expressive Web aesthetics framework. A cross-section of the homepages were then manually audited for accessibility compliance by 11 Web accessibility experts who used a heuristic evaluation technique known as the Barrier Walkthrough (BW) method to check for accessibility barriers that could affect people with visual impairments. Web pages judged on the classical dimension as being visually clean showed significant correlations with accessibility, suggesting that visual cleanness may be a suitable proxy measure for accessibility as far as people with visual impairments are concerned. Expressive designs and other aesthetic dimensions showed no such correlation, however, demonstrating that an expressive or aesthetically pleasing Web design is not a barrier to accessibility.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Session details: Posters and demonstrations","authors":"L. Ferres","doi":"10.1145/3253162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3253162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127135969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Oliveira, Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, J. Jorge, D. Gonçalves
The emergence of touch-based mobile devices brought fresh and exciting possibilities. These came at the cost of a considerable number of novel challenges. They are particularly apparent with the blind population, as these devices lack tactile cues and are extremely visually demanding. Existing solutions resort to assistive screen reading software to compensate the lack of sight, still not all the information reaches the blind user. Good spatial ability is still required to have notion of the device and its interface, as well as the need to memorize buttons' position on screen. These abilities, as many other individual attributes as age, age of blindness onset or tactile sensibility are often forgotten, as the blind population is presented with the same methods ignoring capabilities and needs. Herein, we present a study with 13 blind people consisting of a touch screen text-entry task with four different methods. Results show that different capability levels have significant impact on performance and that this impact is related with the different methods' demands. These variances acknowledge the need of accounting for individual characteristics and giving space for difference, towards inclusive design.
{"title":"Blind people and mobile touch-based text-entry: acknowledging the need for different flavors","authors":"João Oliveira, Tiago Guerreiro, Hugo Nicolau, J. Jorge, D. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1145/2049536.2049569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2049536.2049569","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of touch-based mobile devices brought fresh and exciting possibilities. These came at the cost of a considerable number of novel challenges. They are particularly apparent with the blind population, as these devices lack tactile cues and are extremely visually demanding. Existing solutions resort to assistive screen reading software to compensate the lack of sight, still not all the information reaches the blind user. Good spatial ability is still required to have notion of the device and its interface, as well as the need to memorize buttons' position on screen. These abilities, as many other individual attributes as age, age of blindness onset or tactile sensibility are often forgotten, as the blind population is presented with the same methods ignoring capabilities and needs. Herein, we present a study with 13 blind people consisting of a touch screen text-entry task with four different methods. Results show that different capability levels have significant impact on performance and that this impact is related with the different methods' demands. These variances acknowledge the need of accounting for individual characteristics and giving space for difference, towards inclusive design.","PeriodicalId":351090,"journal":{"name":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117164306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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