This paper aims to present an in-depth description of the synthetic and compound forms of the future and the conditional, as both inferential and reportative markers, drawing a framework for the respective distribution in Portuguese journalistic texts. A corpus analysis shows that different categories (evidentiality, modality, tense, and aspect) contribute to the construction of the values in question, defining different sets of properties for each of the verbal forms, in both inferential and reportative uses. Furthermore, it proves that these same values are particularly sensitive to textual genre: the reportative uses emerge in news reports, while the inferential uses appear more frequently in opinion texts. Ultimately, it illustrates how the use of these forms sheds light on the boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality, demonstrating that the assertion of the information source is distinct from the assessment of the speaker’s attitude toward his/her statement.
{"title":"Between evidentiality and epistemic modality: The case of the future and the conditional in european Portuguese","authors":"Teresa Oliveira","doi":"10.1075/BJL.29.05OLI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.29.05OLI","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present an in-depth description of the synthetic and compound\u0000forms of the future and the conditional, as both inferential and reportative\u0000markers, drawing a framework for the respective distribution in Portuguese\u0000journalistic texts. A corpus analysis shows that different categories (evidentiality,\u0000modality, tense, and aspect) contribute to the construction of the values in\u0000question, defining different sets of properties for each of the verbal forms, in\u0000both inferential and reportative uses. Furthermore, it proves that these same\u0000values are particularly sensitive to textual genre: the reportative uses emerge in\u0000news reports, while the inferential uses appear more frequently in opinion texts.\u0000Ultimately, it illustrates how the use of these forms sheds light on the boundary\u0000between epistemic modality and evidentiality, demonstrating that the assertion\u0000of the information source is distinct from the assessment of the speaker’s attitude\u0000toward his/her statement.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"101-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.29.05OLI","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59378288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contrary to Italian and many other languages, German has a linguistic means to mark the speaker’s stance: the so-called modal particles, such as wohl, eben and ja. This paper examines their occurrence in a German novel and their possible translations in its Italian version. It analyses their complex meaning arising from the intertwined relations between speaker – hearer – state of affairs as the three key entities of stance they mark and the textual or situational context, concluding that they have only covert epistemic and evidential features. This cross-linguistic analysis proves that it is impossible not only to translate them, but also to draw a clear borderline between epistemicity and evidentiality.
{"title":"The translatability into Italian of the German stance marking modal particles wohl, eben and ja. Between epistemicity and evidentiality","authors":"Marion Weerning","doi":"10.1075/BJL.29.06WEE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.29.06WEE","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to Italian and many other languages, German has a linguistic means to mark the speaker’s stance: the so-called modal particles, such as wohl, eben and ja. This paper examines their occurrence in a German novel and their possible translations in its Italian version. It analyses their complex meaning arising from the intertwined relations between speaker – hearer – state of affairs as the three key entities of stance they mark and the textual or situational context, concluding that they have only covert epistemic and evidential features. This cross-linguistic analysis proves that it is impossible not only to translate them, but also to draw a clear borderline between epistemicity and evidentiality.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"29 1","pages":"123-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.29.06WEE","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59378306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on natural language use, we examine the contextual environment of some negative constructions (e.g., Punctuality is not her forte/best attribute). Previous findings show that, as predicted by the view of default nonliteral interpretations, such negative constructions are interpreted nonliterally by default: (a) when presented in isolation, they are interpreted sarcastically and rated as sarcastic compared to affirmative counterparts; (b) when embedded in equally strongly biasing contexts, they are processed faster in sarcastically than in literally biasing contexts (Giora et al., 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). Here we test a third prediction that, unlike affirmative sarcasm, (c) such negative utterances will convey a sarcastic interpretation and their natural environment will echo their nonsalient (sarcastic) interpretation rather than their salience-based (literal) interpretation (Giora et al., 2010, 2013). Findings from 2 corpus-based studies of (Hebrew and English) negative constructions lend usage-based support to the view of default nonliteral interpretations (Giora et al., 2010, 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). They show that when occurring in natural discourses, such utterances communicate sarcasm significantly more often than their alternative affirmatives. Their neighboring utterances further reflect their nonsalient sarcastic interpretation rather than their salience-based nonsarcastic interpretation.
基于自然语言的使用，我们研究了一些否定结构的语境环境(例如，守时不是她的长处/最佳属性)。先前的研究结果表明，正如默认非字面解释观点所预测的那样，这些否定结构在默认情况下被非字面解释:(a)当它们被孤立地呈现时，它们被讽刺地解释，与肯定的对等物相比，它们被评为讽刺;(b)当嵌入同样强烈的偏见语境时，它们在讽刺语境中的处理速度比在字面偏见语境中的处理速度快(Giora等人，2013;Giora, Drucker et al.， 2014)。在这里，我们测试了第三个预测，与肯定的讽刺不同，(c)这种消极的话语会传达一种讽刺的解释，他们的自然环境会呼应他们的非显著(讽刺)解释，而不是他们的显著(字面)解释(Giora等人，2010,2013)。两项基于语料库的(希伯来语和英语)否定结构研究的结果为默认非字面解释的观点提供了基于用法的支持(Giora et al.， 2010, 2013;Giora, Drucker et al.， 2014)。他们表明，当在自然话语中出现时，这种话语传达讽刺的频率明显高于其他肯定词。他们的邻近话语进一步反映了他们的非显著性讽刺解释，而不是他们基于显著性的非讽刺解释。
{"title":"Resonating with default nonsalient interpretations: A corpus-based study of negative sarcasm","authors":"R. Giora, A. Drucker, Ofer Fein","doi":"10.1075/BJL.28.01GIO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.28.01GIO","url":null,"abstract":"Based on natural language use, we examine the contextual environment of some negative constructions (e.g., Punctuality is not her forte/best attribute). Previous findings show that, as predicted by the view of default nonliteral interpretations, such negative constructions are interpreted nonliterally by default: (a) when presented in isolation, they are interpreted sarcastically and rated as sarcastic compared to affirmative counterparts; (b) when embedded in equally strongly biasing contexts, they are processed faster in sarcastically than in literally biasing contexts (Giora et al., 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). Here we test a third prediction that, unlike affirmative sarcasm, (c) such negative utterances will convey a sarcastic interpretation and their natural environment will echo their nonsalient (sarcastic) interpretation rather than their salience-based (literal) interpretation (Giora et al., 2010, 2013). Findings from 2 corpus-based studies of (Hebrew and English) negative constructions lend usage-based support to the view of default nonliteral interpretations (Giora et al., 2010, 2013; Giora, Drucker et al., 2014). They show that when occurring in natural discourses, such utterances communicate sarcasm significantly more often than their alternative affirmatives. Their neighboring utterances further reflect their nonsalient sarcastic interpretation rather than their salience-based nonsarcastic interpretation.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.28.01GIO","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59376559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assumption that pragmatic processes are inferential is standardly held by Gricean and post-Gricean pragmatic theories. Recently, however, it has been challenged by accessibility-based approaches to pragmatics. Recanati (2002, 2004) proposes that primary pragmatic processes (i.e. processes that contribute to the recovery of the explicit content of the utterance) are underpinned by a simple dynamics of activations-and-associations, with no need for any further (specifically inferential) step or ‘confirmatory stage’ to warrant the selected interpretation. Mazzone (2009, 2011) extends this account to secondary pragmatic processes (i.e. processes of implicature derivation): the recovery of the explicit and implicit content of the utterance is the result of a unified associative comprehension process. This paper argues that, on close analysis, the role played by information about the speaker’s mental states (i.e. her beliefs and intentions) indicates that inference is indispensable in an adequate account of pragmatic processing.
{"title":"Is inference necessary to pragmatics","authors":"D. Mazzarella","doi":"10.1075/BJL.28.04MAZ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.28.04MAZ","url":null,"abstract":"The assumption that pragmatic processes are inferential is standardly held by Gricean and post-Gricean pragmatic theories. Recently, however, it has been challenged by accessibility-based approaches to pragmatics. Recanati (2002, 2004) proposes that primary pragmatic processes (i.e. processes that contribute to the recovery of the explicit content of the utterance) are underpinned by a simple dynamics of activations-and-associations, with no need for any further (specifically inferential) step or ‘confirmatory stage’ to warrant the selected interpretation. Mazzone (2009, 2011) extends this account to secondary pragmatic processes (i.e. processes of implicature derivation): the recovery of the explicit and implicit content of the utterance is the result of a unified associative comprehension process. This paper argues that, on close analysis, the role played by information about the speaker’s mental states (i.e. her beliefs and intentions) indicates that inference is indispensable in an adequate account of pragmatic processing.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"71-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.28.04MAZ","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59377882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How realistic is it to assume that psychologists, linguists, philosophers and others may someday be able to construct a general theory of utterance interpretation? Over the past 50 years, scholars have uncovered a tremendous amount about the processes and products of human language understanding. We have proposed a huge assortment of theories to explain how very specific types of utterances may be interpreted (e.g., syntactically ambiguous expressions, figurative language, pragmatic implicatures), with some of us working hard to articulate more comprehensive theories that could be applicable to all aspects of utterance interpretation. Yet the empirical data reveals many complexities that, on the surface, make some doubt whether a general theory of utterance interpretation is a feasible possibility. This paper describes some of these complexities in the empirical literature, focusing on figurative language use. I go on to argue that language scholars must embrace the diverse ways that people use and understand utterances and suggest concrete steps that we all should take if we are to one day find a more general theory, one which is perhaps tied to how people engage in any intentional action.
{"title":"Is a general theory of utterance interpretation really possible","authors":"R. Gibbs","doi":"10.1075/BJL.28.02GIB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.28.02GIB","url":null,"abstract":"How realistic is it to assume that psychologists, linguists, philosophers and others may someday be able to construct a general theory of utterance interpretation? Over the past 50 years, scholars have uncovered a tremendous amount about the processes and products of human language understanding. We have proposed a huge assortment of theories to explain how very specific types of utterances may be interpreted (e.g., syntactically ambiguous expressions, figurative language, pragmatic implicatures), with some of us working hard to articulate more comprehensive theories that could be applicable to all aspects of utterance interpretation. Yet the empirical data reveals many complexities that, on the surface, make some doubt whether a general theory of utterance interpretation is a feasible possibility. This paper describes some of these complexities in the empirical literature, focusing on figurative language use. I go on to argue that language scholars must embrace the diverse ways that people use and understand utterances and suggest concrete steps that we all should take if we are to one day find a more general theory, one which is perhaps tied to how people engage in any intentional action.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"19-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.28.02GIB","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59376667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, a lively debate has emerged about the question of correctly defining lying. Two strands of argumentation have evolved in the philosophy of language: First, the idea that lying is n ...
{"title":"A truth that’s told with bad intent : Lying and implicit content","authors":"J. Meibauer","doi":"10.1075/BJL.28.05MEI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.28.05MEI","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a lively debate has emerged about the question of correctly defining lying. Two strands of argumentation have evolved in the philosophy of language: First, the idea that lying is n ...","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"97-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.28.05MEI","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59377989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Standard accounts of indirect speech share two assumptions: that indirect speech always has a direct alternative, and that it is strategic. I survey a number of cases that challenge one or both of these assumptions and propose a new nomenclature for indirect speech that crucially includes, in addition to cases where indirect speech is strategic, cases where it is ‘enabling.’ The enabling potential of indirect speech lies in allowing us to give voice to thoughts or experiences that may be possible to express propositionally only in part. In such cases, the speaker does not start off with a direct alternative in mind but rather uses speech to invite the hearer to help her develop an inchoate thought. Including these cases under the same scheme allows us to consider ways other than recognition of the speaker’s intention in which indirect meanings may arise, such as through shared experience and the interlocutors’ habitus. The proposed nomenclature thus yields a multi-faceted view of indirect speech that goes beyond its current, formally driven, understanding.
{"title":"The importance of being indirect: A new nomenclature for indirect speech","authors":"M. Terkourafi","doi":"10.1075/BJL.28.03TER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.28.03TER","url":null,"abstract":"Standard accounts of indirect speech share two assumptions: that indirect speech always has a direct alternative, and that it is strategic. I survey a number of cases that challenge one or both of these assumptions and propose a new nomenclature for indirect speech that crucially includes, in addition to cases where indirect speech is strategic, cases where it is ‘enabling.’ The enabling potential of indirect speech lies in allowing us to give voice to thoughts or experiences that may be possible to express propositionally only in part. In such cases, the speaker does not start off with a direct alternative in mind but rather uses speech to invite the hearer to help her develop an inchoate thought. Including these cases under the same scheme allows us to consider ways other than recognition of the speaker’s intention in which indirect meanings may arise, such as through shared experience and the interlocutors’ habitus. The proposed nomenclature thus yields a multi-faceted view of indirect speech that goes beyond its current, formally driven, understanding.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"28 1","pages":"45-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.28.03TER","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59377579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europarl is a large multilingual corpus containing the minutes of the debates at the European Parliament. This article presents a method to extract different corpora from Europarl: monolingual and multilingual comparable corpora, as well as parallel corpora. Using state-of-the-art measures of homogeneity, we show that these corpora are very similar. In addition, we argue that they present many advantages for research in various fields of linguistics and translation studies, and we also discuss some of their limitations. We conclude by reviewing a number of previous studies that made use of these corpora, emphasizing in each case the possibilities offered by Europarl.
{"title":"Using the Europarl corpus for cross-linguistic research","authors":"Bruno Cartoni, S. Zufferey, T. Meyer","doi":"10.1075/BJL.27.02CAR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.27.02CAR","url":null,"abstract":"Europarl is a large multilingual corpus containing the minutes of the debates at the European Parliament. This article presents a method to extract different corpora from Europarl: monolingual and multilingual comparable corpora, as well as parallel corpora. Using state-of-the-art measures of homogeneity, we show that these corpora are very similar. In addition, we argue that they present many advantages for research in various fields of linguistics and translation studies, and we also discuss some of their limitations. We conclude by reviewing a number of previous studies that made use of these corpora, emphasizing in each case the possibilities offered by Europarl.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"27 1","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.27.02CAR","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59376475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to complement a quantitative study on existential constructions in French and English, both in translated and original texts and based on the exploitation of comparable corpora (Cappelle & Loock 2013). What this article shows is that such an overall quantitative approach should be complemented with a more qualitative approach, for two main reasons: (i) overall quantitative results provide only a general view on the differences between translated texts and original texts, hiding subtle but crucial variations; (ii) the use of comparable corpora does not provide any information on the strategies used by translators and on the translation process itself. The article also provides suggestions for implications in translator training and translation quality assessment.
{"title":"Close encounters of the third code: quantitative vs. qualitative studies in corpus-based translation studies","authors":"R. Loock","doi":"10.1075/BJL.27.04LOO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.27.04LOO","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to complement a quantitative study on existential constructions in French and English, both in translated and original texts and based on the exploitation of comparable corpora (Cappelle & Loock 2013). What this article shows is that such an overall quantitative approach should be complemented with a more qualitative approach, for two main reasons: (i) overall quantitative results provide only a general view on the differences between translated texts and original texts, hiding subtle but crucial variations; (ii) the use of comparable corpora does not provide any information on the strategies used by translators and on the translation process itself. The article also provides suggestions for implications in translator training and translation quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"27 1","pages":"61-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.27.04LOO","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59376170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we investigate the differences in risk-averse behavior in translated versus non-translated texts by comparing lexical normalization in various registers of translated and non-translated Dutch. We want to verify: (i) to what extent normalization is register dependent; (ii) whether normalizing behavior is similar in translated and non-translated texts of the same register, and (iii) to what extent normalization is source-language dependent. We relied on the Dutch Parallel Corpus to investigate the dispersion of 10 profiles, i.e. sets of synonymous lexical alternatives consisting of a Standard Dutch and a Belgian Standard Dutch alternative. Using an exploratory, multivariate technique we visualized and measured the degrees to which a number of registers of translated and non-translated Dutch conform to linguistic norms.
{"title":"Applying a multidimensional, register-sensitive approach to visualize normalization in translated and non-translated Dutch","authors":"Isabelle Delaere, G. Sutter","doi":"10.1075/BJL.27.03DEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/BJL.27.03DEL","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate the differences in risk-averse behavior in translated versus non-translated texts by comparing lexical normalization in various registers of translated and non-translated Dutch. We want to verify: (i) to what extent normalization is register dependent; (ii) whether normalizing behavior is similar in translated and non-translated texts of the same register, and (iii) to what extent normalization is source-language dependent. We relied on the Dutch Parallel Corpus to investigate the dispersion of 10 profiles, i.e. sets of synonymous lexical alternatives consisting of a Standard Dutch and a Belgian Standard Dutch alternative. Using an exploratory, multivariate technique we visualized and measured the degrees to which a number of registers of translated and non-translated Dutch conform to linguistic norms.","PeriodicalId":35124,"journal":{"name":"Belgian Journal of Linguistics","volume":"27 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/BJL.27.03DEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59376113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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