Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0340
David T. Beito
ABSTRACT:Timothy Sandefur's book, Freedom's Furies, discusses the profound impact on libertarian thought of the work of Isabel Paterson, Rose Wilder Lane, and Ayn Rand. The book is essential reading for any person interested in the origins of modern libertarianism.
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Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0218
Marsha Familaro Enright
ABSTRACT:Due to a widespread belief in mechano-reductionism, most intellectuals reject the idea that nonconscious living beings act toward goals. Proposing otherwise is mostly rejected as unscientific anthropomorphizing or necessitating appeals to a supernatural power. This false dichotomy has stymied biology and its related sciences. Herein, I present a new naturalistic gestalt on the nature of life—one based on facts and evidence. It incorporates Ludwig von Bertalanffy's and Arthur Koestler's theories of systems and hierarchies with the ideas of Aristotle, Hans Jonas, and Ayn Rand, to identify fundamental formulations on the nature of life, consciousness, free will, and meaning.
{"title":"Life Is Not a Machine or a Ghost: The Naturalistic Origin of Life's Organization and Goal-Directedness, Consciousness, Free Will, and Meaning","authors":"Marsha Familaro Enright","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Due to a widespread belief in mechano-reductionism, most intellectuals reject the idea that nonconscious living beings act toward goals. Proposing otherwise is mostly rejected as unscientific anthropomorphizing or necessitating appeals to a supernatural power. This false dichotomy has stymied biology and its related sciences. Herein, I present a new naturalistic gestalt on the nature of life—one based on facts and evidence. It incorporates Ludwig von Bertalanffy's and Arthur Koestler's theories of systems and hierarchies with the ideas of Aristotle, Hans Jonas, and Ayn Rand, to identify fundamental formulations on the nature of life, consciousness, free will, and meaning.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"218 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0085
A. Grigorovskaya
ABSTRACT:This essay offers a detailed analysis of archival documents from the Stoyunin Gymnasium Foundation. The young Ayn Rand (born Alissa Rosenbaum) was a pupil of this gymnasium (1914–18). A range of documents published for the first time include lists of the first and second grades (1914–15 and 1915–16), a fragment of the class register (1915–16), member lists of the Stoyunin gymnasium pedagogical council and of class trips (1915–16), and a table of school hours allocation. This essay also discloses the names of Alissa's teachers and the Russian philology lessons taught at the gymnasium.
{"title":"Ayn Rand's Years in the Stoyunin Gymnasium","authors":"A. Grigorovskaya","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This essay offers a detailed analysis of archival documents from the Stoyunin Gymnasium Foundation. The young Ayn Rand (born Alissa Rosenbaum) was a pupil of this gymnasium (1914–18). A range of documents published for the first time include lists of the first and second grades (1914–15 and 1915–16), a fragment of the class register (1915–16), member lists of the Stoyunin gymnasium pedagogical council and of class trips (1915–16), and a table of school hours allocation. This essay also discloses the names of Alissa's teachers and the Russian philology lessons taught at the gymnasium.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"122 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0123
Robert F. Mulligan
ABSTRACT:Ayn Rand's Objectivist epistemology is the foundation of an impressive, comprehensive, and integrated system of political philosophy, psychology, art, and literature. Friedrich Hayek's operational system of epistemology and his analysis of the psychology of perception (presented primarily in The Sensory Order) is not as clearly integrated with his economics and political philosophy—and many have debated their consistency with one another. This paper engages in a comparative analysis of Rand's and Hayek's epistemology.
{"title":"Epistemology According to Rand and Hayek","authors":"Robert F. Mulligan","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Ayn Rand's Objectivist epistemology is the foundation of an impressive, comprehensive, and integrated system of political philosophy, psychology, art, and literature. Friedrich Hayek's operational system of epistemology and his analysis of the psychology of perception (presented primarily in The Sensory Order) is not as clearly integrated with his economics and political philosophy—and many have debated their consistency with one another. This paper engages in a comparative analysis of Rand's and Hayek's epistemology.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"123 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0001
Pavel K. Solovyev
ABSTRACT:This essay sheds additional light on the biographies and fates of Ayn Rand's closest relatives in the Soviet Union and abroad after young Alissa Rosenbaum left the "country of workers and peasants" in 1926 for the pursuit of a new life in the United States. Previously unknown facets of her relatives' lives were intertwined with the complex and often tragic historical events of the first half of the twentieth century. Among these relatives are victims of the German blockade of Leningrad, a music teacher, a European bacteriologist, a doctor who was twice a refugee, and a Soviet Medical Service Corps officer.
{"title":"What She Left Behind","authors":"Pavel K. Solovyev","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This essay sheds additional light on the biographies and fates of Ayn Rand's closest relatives in the Soviet Union and abroad after young Alissa Rosenbaum left the \"country of workers and peasants\" in 1926 for the pursuit of a new life in the United States. Previously unknown facets of her relatives' lives were intertwined with the complex and often tragic historical events of the first half of the twentieth century. Among these relatives are victims of the German blockade of Leningrad, a music teacher, a European bacteriologist, a doctor who was twice a refugee, and a Soviet Medical Service Corps officer.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"1 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0350
L. Roméu
ABSTRACT:This article reviews the book Ayn Rand e il fascismo eterno. Una narrazione distopica, by Diana Thermes. This is the first Italian book specifically devoted to Rand's thought and novels. Thermes has conducted her study in a remarkably original way, profusely interrelating Rand's fiction works with the long-standing tradition of dystopian literature and her analysis of collectivism with the most significant contributions on the nature and causes of totalitarianism, as well as illustrating the relevance of Rand's ideas in the face of present-day challenges.
{"title":"Ayn Rand, Fascism, and Dystopia","authors":"L. Roméu","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article reviews the book Ayn Rand e il fascismo eterno. Una narrazione distopica, by Diana Thermes. This is the first Italian book specifically devoted to Rand's thought and novels. Thermes has conducted her study in a remarkably original way, profusely interrelating Rand's fiction works with the long-standing tradition of dystopian literature and her analysis of collectivism with the most significant contributions on the nature and causes of totalitarianism, as well as illustrating the relevance of Rand's ideas in the face of present-day challenges.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"350 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0314
Cory Massimino
ABSTRACT:The author argues Ayn Rand made a genuinely novel, but often overlooked and underappreciated, contribution in her synthesis of Aristotelianism and liberalism. Aristotelianism, a philosophy of flourishing, and liberalism, a politics of freedom, have been viewed throughout history as largely incompatible doctrines, often understandably so. The author discusses the history of these concepts, especially their tensions, as a backdrop to further explore and contextualize the work of Rand, who argued that Aristotelian ideas about flourishing and liberal ideas about freedom are natural allies, and in fact strengthen each other. Rand's "Aristotelian liberalism" is a fruitful synthesis.
{"title":"Ayn Rand's Novel Contribution: Aristotelian Liberalism","authors":"Cory Massimino","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The author argues Ayn Rand made a genuinely novel, but often overlooked and underappreciated, contribution in her synthesis of Aristotelianism and liberalism. Aristotelianism, a philosophy of flourishing, and liberalism, a politics of freedom, have been viewed throughout history as largely incompatible doctrines, often understandably so. The author discusses the history of these concepts, especially their tensions, as a backdrop to further explore and contextualize the work of Rand, who argued that Aristotelian ideas about flourishing and liberal ideas about freedom are natural allies, and in fact strengthen each other. Rand's \"Aristotelian liberalism\" is a fruitful synthesis.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"314 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42434581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0280
Roger E. Bissell
ABSTRACT:The author endeavors to show how dialectical methods can reveal and clarify Ayn Rand's philosophy from the two vital perspectives of the lives of individual human beings in relation to the world and in relation to other people and the social institutions under which they live. In so doing, he applies Chris Matthew Sciabarra's Tri-Level Analysis model of social relations (derived from Rand's social commentaries) and relates Rand's metaphysical value-judgments to the cardinal values and virtues of her ethics.
摘要：本文试图从人类个体的生命与世界的关系、与他人的关系以及他们所生活的社会制度这两个至关重要的视角，来展示辩证法是如何揭示和阐明安哲学的。在这样做的过程中，他应用了Chris Matthew Sciabarra的社会关系三级分析模型（源于兰德的社会评论），并将兰德的形而上学价值判断与她的道德观的基本价值观和美德联系起来。
{"title":"How We Live: A Dialectical Examination of Human Existence","authors":"Roger E. Bissell","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0280","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The author endeavors to show how dialectical methods can reveal and clarify Ayn Rand's philosophy from the two vital perspectives of the lives of individual human beings in relation to the world and in relation to other people and the social institutions under which they live. In so doing, he applies Chris Matthew Sciabarra's Tri-Level Analysis model of social relations (derived from Rand's social commentaries) and relates Rand's metaphysical value-judgments to the cardinal values and virtues of her ethics.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"280 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49524185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0356
R. Long
ABSTRACT:Neil Cocks's collection Questioning Ayn Rand: Subjectivity, Political Economy, and the Arts engages Rand's ideas from a standpoint that is philosophically postmodernist and politically adversarial; while the contributors occasionally make illuminating connections, their obscurantist style, their superficial engagement with Rand, and an impatience borne of hostility render the result disappointing. Claudia Brühwiler's Out of a Gray Fog: Ayn Rand's Europe, by contrast, provides a fascinating look at Rand's European connections, her complex attitudes toward European culture, and the European reception of her ideas, which serves as a useful corrective to the conventional narrative of Rand's hostility to Europe and Europe's hostility to Rand.
摘要：尼尔·科克斯（Neil Cocks）的《质疑兰德：主体性、政治经济学和艺术》（Questing Ayn Rand:Subjectivity，Political Economy，and the Arts）一书从哲学上的后现代主义和政治上的对抗性的角度阐述了兰德的思想；虽然贡献者偶尔会建立启发性的联系，但他们的蒙昧主义风格、他们与兰德的肤浅接触以及敌意带来的不耐烦使结果令人失望。Claudia Brühwiler的《走出灰色迷雾：艾恩·兰德的欧洲》（Out of a Gray Fog:Ayn Rand’s Europe）则对兰德的欧洲关系、她对欧洲文化的复杂态度以及欧洲人对她的思想的接受进行了引人入胜的审视，这对兰德对欧洲的敌意和欧洲对兰德的敌意的传统叙事起到了有益的纠正作用。
{"title":"Postmodern Rand, Transatlantic Rand","authors":"R. Long","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0356","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Neil Cocks's collection Questioning Ayn Rand: Subjectivity, Political Economy, and the Arts engages Rand's ideas from a standpoint that is philosophically postmodernist and politically adversarial; while the contributors occasionally make illuminating connections, their obscurantist style, their superficial engagement with Rand, and an impatience borne of hostility render the result disappointing. Claudia Brühwiler's Out of a Gray Fog: Ayn Rand's Europe, by contrast, provides a fascinating look at Rand's European connections, her complex attitudes toward European culture, and the European reception of her ideas, which serves as a useful corrective to the conventional narrative of Rand's hostility to Europe and Europe's hostility to Rand.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"356 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45688235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0154
Dave Tyson
ABSTRACT:Ayn Rand's Objectivism holds a foundationalist view of knowledge—that knowledge is hierarchical, with the less basic supported by inference from the more basic, which is known directly. But two very different forms of foundationalism (deductive and presuppositional) are observable in Objectivism, and vestiges of deductivism, which Rand explicitly rejected, can be found in attempts to systematize her philosophy. This article attempts to resolve conflicts between the two approaches. It endorses presuppositional foundationalism and suggests that Rand's view be modified accordingly.
{"title":"Check Your Presuppositions! A New Kind of Foundationalism in Objectivism","authors":"Dave Tyson","doi":"10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.23.1-2.0154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Ayn Rand's Objectivism holds a foundationalist view of knowledge—that knowledge is hierarchical, with the less basic supported by inference from the more basic, which is known directly. But two very different forms of foundationalism (deductive and presuppositional) are observable in Objectivism, and vestiges of deductivism, which Rand explicitly rejected, can be found in attempts to systematize her philosophy. This article attempts to resolve conflicts between the two approaches. It endorses presuppositional foundationalism and suggests that Rand's view be modified accordingly.","PeriodicalId":35149,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"154 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49606568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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