Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2021.1984116
Dany Khayat, J. Caicedo, M. C. Hilgard, Jan Kraayvanger, Till Feldmann, Victoria, Popova, Florian S. Jörg
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Pub Date : 2020-11-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199987870.013.37
T. Insoll
The chapters in this section are introduced and the main archaeological research themes considered, such as the presence and practice of Islam, Islamization, the role of commerce in spreading Islam, indigenization, and syncretism. The reasons for the regional disparity in archaeological research are identified: for example, political instability.
{"title":"Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"T. Insoll","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199987870.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199987870.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"The chapters in this section are introduced and the main archaeological research themes considered, such as the presence and practice of Islam, Islamization, the role of commerce in spreading Islam, indigenization, and syncretism. The reasons for the regional disparity in archaeological research are identified: for example, political instability.","PeriodicalId":35152,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Survey","volume":"122 1","pages":"319 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44094268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2020.1835081
G. Veni
Not every linguist has a law named after them, but, even among those who do, Jacob Wackernagel is exceptional. First, his law is one of very few (especially from the nineteenth century) that are syntactic in nature, having to do with the relative ordering of words. Secondly, it differs from the commonly recognized sound laws (e.g. those of Grimm, Verner, Grassmann and Holtzmann; see Collinge 1985 for an overview) in that its scope is tremendous: far from being a single, punctual event as were the sound laws of history under the Neogrammarian conception (Osthoff & Brugmann 1878), Wackernagel’s law (he argues) left its traces in pretty much all of the Indo-European languages, even if its status as a synchronic principle of grammatical organization varies substantially. Thirdly, and relatedly, Wackernagel’s law is still the subject of active research today among specialists in various languages, far beyond the Indo-European family which provided the context for the original law. That this is the case can be seen from the nearly 700 Google Scholar citations that Wackernagel’s (1892) hundred-page article has accrued by the date of writing. Wackernagel’s law can safely be said to have entered the coveted realm of being “more cited than read”. This introduction has three aims. In the following section we provide a brief biographical sketch, along with a quick summary of the article and a concise statement of the law itself. Section 2 discusses the law’s subsequent reception from publication until the present day, again without pretence of being exhaustive. Section 3 outlines our rationale for, and the decisions we have made during, the translation process.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1080/04597230.2020.1835100
J. Gledhill
‘Latin’ America is a region constructed in a context of imperial rivalries and disputes about how to build ‘modern’ nations that made it an ‘other America’ distinct from ‘Anglo’ America. Bringing together people without previous historical contact, the diversity of its societies and cultures was increased by the transatlantic slave trade and later global immigration. Building on the constructive relationship that characterises the ties between socio-cultural anthropology and history in the region today, this entry discusses differences in colonial relations and cultural interaction between European, indigenous, and Afro-Latin American people in different countries and the role of anthropologists in nation-building projects that aimed to construct national identities around ‘mixing’. It shows how anthropologists came to emphasise the active role of subordinated social groups in making Latin America’s ‘new peoples’. Widespread agrarian conflicts and land reforms produced debates about the future of peasant farmers, but new forms of capitalist development, growing urbanisation, and counter-insurgency wars led to an era in which indigenous identities were reasserted and states shifted towards a multicultural politics that also fostered Afro-Latin American movements. Anthropology has enhanced understanding of the diversity, complexity, and contradictions of these processes. Latin American cities are characterised by stark social inequalities, but anthropologists critiqued the stigmatisation of the urban poor as ‘marginals’ and used their ethnographies to produce novel insights into the nature and determinants of urban violence and the role of criminal organisations. Other areas in which Latin American anthropology has been innovative are analyses of transnational relations and new social movements, including women’s movements and feminism, although issues of gender, religious transformations, and cultural mixing run through this entry’s entire discussion, which concludes with Latin American debates about the decolonisation of anthropology itself.
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