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The role of interest in the unsustainability of growth: analytical findings using an accounting model 利息在增长不可持续性中的作用:使用会计模型的分析结果
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2262830
Jeroen van den Bergh, Ivan Savin
In the context of the long-standing debate on growth-versus-environment, notably the possibility that serious environmental policies will slow down growth, the question has been raised if interest can be compatible with zero growth. We develop a simple accounting model that describes the value added of the financial sector being positively associated with interest income. This allows us to derive formally that interest is compatible with zero growth for both simple and compound interest. The findings indicate that on its own, interest or compound interest does not add to the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). What matters instead is whether savings – be it from interest or other income – are invested productively or not. In other words, the condition for non-growth is that interest income is either directly spent by the creditor or indirectly by the debtor, rather than being invested in capital expansion, education, or innovation. Such investments would result in a more productive economy generating economic growth. These findings generalize, and add transparency to, previous studies which used more complicated models involving particular theoretical assumptions about the functioning of the macroeconomy.
长期以来,人们一直在讨论增长与环境之间的关系,特别是严肃的环境政策可能会减缓增长。在这种背景下,人们提出了一个问题,即利率能否与零增长相容。我们开发了一个简单的会计模型,描述了金融部门的增加值与利息收入正相关。这使我们可以正式地推导出利息与单利和复利的零增长是相容的。研究结果表明,利息或复利本身不会增加国内生产总值(GDP)的增长。相反,重要的是储蓄——无论是来自利息还是其他收入——是否被有效地投资了。换句话说,非增长的条件是利息收入要么直接由债权人支出,要么间接由债务人支出,而不是投资于资本扩张、教育或创新。这类投资将导致更有生产力的经济产生经济增长。这些发现概括了以前的研究,并增加了透明度,这些研究使用了更复杂的模型,涉及有关宏观经济运作的特定理论假设。
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引用次数: 0
Deliberating just transition: lessons from a citizens’ jury on carbon-neutral transport 审议公正的过渡:来自碳中和交通的公民陪审团的教训
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2261341
Heli Saarikoski, Suvi Huttunen, Hanna Mela
Climate assemblies and other forms of deliberative mini-publics have recently gained prominence as a means to promote just climate transitions. In this article, we analyze a citizens’ jury process that addressed ways to curb greenhouse-gas emissions from car-based mobility in the Uusimaa region of Finland. The four-day citizens’ jury produced a joint statement on transport-policy measures to decrease the mileage of private cars, to promote cycling and walking, to support public transport, and to promote carbon-free fuels. One of the key discoveries for the jurors was that there are no easy fixes, like biofuels converters, to cut down transport emissions. Consequently, the jurors endorsed vehicle electrification as a future solution. They also came up with an innovative suggestion to make electric cars more affordable to people. Overall, they adopted a more positive view toward measures to promote fossil-free transport, suggesting that deliberation can increase support for environmental initiatives. However, the deliberative process did not create wide acceptance of radical climate-policy measures. The results highlight the importance of mini-public scope and design for formulating an informed citizen judgment on complex and science-intensive climate-policy questions. The Transport Jury’s focus on a set of policy measures was sufficiently narrow to produce meaningful recommendations. However, future climate-jury processes with a similar objective would benefit from more time for face-to-face expert hearings than was available for the transport jurors. A search for meta-consensus rather than consensus retained the plurality of perspectives.
最近,气候大会和其他形式的协商迷你公众作为促进气候公正转型的一种手段获得了突出地位。在本文中,我们分析了一个公民陪审团程序,该程序解决了芬兰乌西马地区汽车交通产生的温室气体排放问题。为期四天的市民陪审团就交通政策措施发表了一份联合声明,包括减少私家车行驶里程、鼓励骑自行车和步行、支持公共交通以及推广无碳燃料。陪审团的一个重要发现是,没有像生物燃料转换器那样的简单解决方案来减少交通排放。因此,陪审团赞同汽车电气化是未来的解决方案。他们还提出了一个创新的建议,让人们更能负担得起电动汽车。总体而言,他们对促进无化石燃料交通的措施持更积极的态度,这表明审议可以增加对环境倡议的支持。然而,审议过程并没有使激进的气候政策措施得到广泛接受。研究结果强调了在复杂和科学密集型气候政策问题上制定知情公民判断的微型公共范围和设计的重要性。交通评委会对一套政策措施的关注范围很窄,足以提出有意义的建议。然而,与交通陪审员相比,未来具有类似目标的气候陪审团程序将受益于更多的面对面专家听证会时间。寻求元协商一致意见而不是协商一致意见保留了观点的多元性。
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引用次数: 0
Driving sustainable transportation: insights and strategies for shared-rides services 推动可持续交通:共享乘车服务的见解和策略
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2258717
Ipek Nese Sener, Austin Sibu, Todd Hansen
The concept of sharing, enabled by emerging technologies, is playing an increasingly important role in contributing to a transformation toward more sustainable transportation. This study aimed to contribute to the growing body of literature on on-demand transportation services, with a particular emphasis on sharing or pooling a ride when using services such as transportation-network companies (TNCs) and microtransit. The study conducted a shared mobility survey of over 2,500 respondents from selected locales across Texas—ranging from large urban areas to small cities and rural areas. We analyzed the survey data in detail using extensive statistical analysis and inferential techniques and adopted an analysis approach toward implementation-oriented research to address the gap between theory and practice. Demographic, as well as geographic and built-environment, factors were found to play an important role in determining whether users will opt for a shared or pooled service and/or how they perceive these alternatives. The findings highlight the importance of improving safety and security, increasing awareness of the benefits of ride-sharing, and designing appropriate policy measures to promote sustainable mobility. We identified potential operational improvements, government policies, and employer programs to improve shared-ride services and encourage their use, such as reducing uncertainty in shared rides and minimizing inconvenience for passengers. A critical finding was the need to prioritize operational improvements in shared-ride trips over solely relying on financial incentives to induce behavior change. Enhanced public awareness and education were also determined to be crucial regardless of the nature of improvements, policies, or programs that are implemented.
在新兴技术的推动下,共享概念在向更可持续的交通方式转变的过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。这项研究旨在为越来越多的按需运输服务文献做出贡献,特别强调在使用运输网络公司(TNCs)和微运输等服务时共享或拼车。该研究对2500多名受访者进行了一项共享出行调查,受访者来自德克萨斯州选定的地区,从大城市到小城市和农村地区。我们使用广泛的统计分析和推理技术对调查数据进行了详细的分析,并采用了面向实施的研究分析方法来解决理论与实践之间的差距。研究发现,人口统计、地理和建筑环境等因素在决定用户是选择共享服务还是汇集服务,以及/或他们如何看待这些选择方面发挥着重要作用。研究结果强调了提高安全和保障、提高对拼车好处的认识以及设计适当的政策措施以促进可持续交通的重要性。我们确定了潜在的运营改进、政府政策和雇主计划,以改善共享乘车服务并鼓励使用,例如减少共享乘车的不确定性,最大限度地减少乘客的不便。一个重要的发现是,需要优先考虑共享出行的运营改进,而不是仅仅依靠经济激励来诱导行为改变。无论所实施的改善、政策或计划的性质如何,提高公众意识和教育也至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainable fashion: to define, or not to define, that is not the question 可持续时尚:定义还是不定义,这不是问题
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2261342
Celinda Palm
Fashion’s unsustainability needs transformative action, as policymakers, business, and wider society all agree. The lack of a clear definition of sustainable fashion is often given as a major reason behind fashion’s increasing unsustainability. Taking a social-ecological system perspective, augmented by a feminist critical realist understanding of being (ontology) and knowledge of being (epistemology), I examine the past two decades of academic literature mentioning the concept “sustainable fashion.” I find a definition is indeed lacking in various academic discourses and approaches related to sustainable fashion. This lack is problematic because it means the fashion industry can talk preposterously without making useful progress on decreasing its negative impacts on people and the living planet. However, the ever-changing patterns and contexts of fashion would soon outdate a single fixed definition. What is presented as a two-sided problem – whether or not to define sustainable fashion – is instead a problématique. Sustainable fashion is better understood as an unsolvable predicament in a complex dynamic intertwined social-ecological system. While no solution exists, there are appropriate reflexive responses. These start by using a critical systems approach that includes fashion’s social (non-material) and ecological (material) aspects. A social-ecological system approach prevents businesses from exploiting the slipperiness of inconsistent definitions, aids policymaking by providing context and structure for the many contributory concepts (e.g., slow, green, or circular fashion), and fosters vital transdisciplinary research on sustainable fashion.
正如政策制定者、企业和更广泛的社会所一致认为的那样,时装业的不可持续性需要变革行动。缺乏可持续时尚的明确定义通常被认为是时尚日益不可持续性背后的主要原因。从社会生态系统的角度来看,通过女权主义批判现实主义对存在(本体论)和存在知识(认识论)的理解,我研究了过去二十年提到“可持续时尚”概念的学术文献。我发现与可持续时尚相关的各种学术论述和方法确实缺乏一个定义。这种缺乏是有问题的,因为这意味着时尚行业可以荒谬地谈论,而不会在减少对人类和地球的负面影响方面取得有用的进展。然而,不断变化的时尚模式和背景很快就会使单一的固定定义过时。所谓的“双面问题”——是否定义可持续时尚——其实是一个问题。可持续时尚最好被理解为一个复杂的、动态的、相互交织的社会生态系统中一个无法解决的困境。虽然不存在解决方案,但有适当的反射性反应。这些都是从使用一个关键的系统方法开始的,包括时尚的社会(非物质)和生态(物质)方面。社会生态系统方法可以防止企业利用不一致定义的不稳定性,通过为许多有贡献的概念(例如,慢速、绿色或循环时尚)提供背景和结构来辅助政策制定,并促进对可持续时尚的重要跨学科研究。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerating transition toward district heating-system decarbonization by policy co-design with key investors: opportunities and challenges 通过与主要投资者的政策共同设计加速向区域供热系统脱碳过渡:机遇与挑战
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2256622
Karoliina Auvinen, Teemu Meriläinen, Laura Saikku, Sampsa Hyysalo, Jouni K. Juntunen
AbstractDistrict heating in European, Chinese, and Russian cities is still mainly produced with fossil fuels. Energy-system reconfiguration is essential to achieve full decarbonization, which calls for a greater understanding of how to engage key investors in market transformation and how to formulate effective policy mixes. This article reports on how decarbonization could be accelerated in district-heating systems in Finland with stakeholder orientation especially on key investors consisting of companies focused on district-heating, data-center management, real estate development, and sewage operations. The technological attention is on the excess and ambient heat systems. Drawing from surveys, interviews, and workshops we identified investment barriers and collected policy and strategy proposals to overcome them. The results demonstrate that diversifying and strengthening the policy and strategy mix is needed to overcome barriers related to profitability, political uncertainties, and underdeveloped cooperation and profit-sharing models. Policy co-design with key investors holds potential to improve the effectiveness and acceptability of policies, but with certain limitations as regime actors tend to oppose the types of destabilization needed to achieve full decarbonization of energy systems. Thus, effective policy co-design processes need further development as collaboration is a success factor to achieve climate change-mitigation targets, but simultaneously tensions and conflicts cannot be avoided when accelerating energy-system transformation.Keywords: District heatingenergy transitiondecarbonizationheat pumpspolicy mixco-designFinland AcknowledgementsWe gratefully acknowledge the European Union for funding the CANEMURE project (EU LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 Life-IP CANEMURE-FINLAND) and the Academy of Finland for funding the “Digitally Mediated Decarbon Communities in Energy Transition” project (348197). We also would like to thank all of the stakeholders who participated in the workshops, interviews, discussions, and surveys of this research for their valuable contributions and cooperation.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementResearch data such as survey reports, ambient and excess heat case and company lists, and summary of the workshops (in Finnish) are publicly available at the Finnish Environmental Institute Syke website (https://www.hiilineutraalisuomi.fi/fi-FI/Ilmastotyo/Energia/Hukka_ja_ymparistolammon_kasvun_esteet_j(59173)).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the European Commission.
摘要欧洲、中国和俄罗斯城市的区域供热仍然主要使用化石燃料。能源系统的重新配置对于实现全面脱碳至关重要,这就需要更深入地了解如何让主要投资者参与市场转型,以及如何制定有效的政策组合。本文报告了如何在芬兰的区域供热系统中加速脱碳,以利益相关者为导向,特别是主要投资者,包括专注于区域供热、数据中心管理、房地产开发和污水处理的公司。技术上的重点是余热系统和环境热系统。通过调查、访谈和研讨会,我们确定了投资障碍,并收集了克服这些障碍的政策和战略建议。结果表明,要克服与盈利能力、政治不确定性、合作和利润分享模式不发达相关的障碍,需要多样化和加强政策和战略组合。与主要投资者共同设计政策有可能提高政策的有效性和可接受性,但也有一定的局限性,因为制度参与者倾向于反对实现能源系统完全脱碳所需的不稳定类型。因此,需要进一步发展有效的政策共同设计过程,因为合作是实现减缓气候变化目标的一个成功因素,但同时,在加速能源系统转型时,也无法避免紧张和冲突。我们感谢欧盟资助CANEMURE项目(EU LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 Life-IP CANEMURE- Finland)和芬兰科学院资助“能源转型中的数字介导的低碳社区”项目(348197)。我们还要感谢所有参与本研究的研讨会、访谈、讨论和调查的利益相关者的宝贵贡献和合作。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明研究数据,如调查报告,环境和余热案例和公司名单,以及研讨会摘要(芬兰语),可在芬兰环境研究所Syke网站(https://www.hiilineutraalisuomi.fi/fi-FI/Ilmastotyo/Energia/Hukka_ja_ymparistolammon_kasvun_esteet_j(59173)).Additional information本工作得到欧盟委员会的支持。
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引用次数: 0
Non-compliance with the World Trade Organization agreements by exporters of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris 欧洲大黄蜂(Bombus terrestris)出口商不遵守世界贸易组织协议
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2256173
Cecilia Smith-Ramírez, Adriana Rendón-Funes, Mario Leiva, Marina Arbetman, Marcelo Aizen, Luis Agüero
International companies commercially rear bumblebees worldwide, the trade of which is regulated through agreements established by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Scientific studies have shown multiple negative effects of introduced commercial bumblebees on native bees in Japan, Australia, Sweden, Israel, Chile, and Argentina, calling into question the compliance of exporting with some of the established WTO international sanitary regulations. We analyzed international WTO sanitary regulations focusing on the international trade of bumblebees from the European Union (EU) and Israel, especially regarding bumblebee exports to Chile and their side effects in neighboring Argentina. We have gathered evidence showing that exporters of bumblebees do not comply with WTO international trade agreements in at least two ways: (1) the quality of commercialized bumblebees differs from the quality declared in their certifications, and (2) the countries that sell the bumblebees violate sanitary agreements, producing negative effects on other native pollinating insects and causing a cascade of adverse impacts affecting both the environment and agriculture. This situation suggests that companies that raise bumblebees are currently in breach of WTO regulations and continue to contribute to major environmental damage in southern South America and elsewhere.
国际公司在全球范围内以商业方式饲养大黄蜂,其贸易由世界贸易组织(WTO)制定的协议进行监管。科学研究表明,在日本、澳大利亚、瑞典、以色列、智利和阿根廷,引进商业大黄蜂对本地蜜蜂产生了多重负面影响,这让人质疑出口是否符合一些既定的世贸组织国际卫生条例。我们分析了国际WTO卫生法规,重点关注欧盟(EU)和以色列的大黄蜂国际贸易,特别是大黄蜂出口到智利及其对邻国阿根廷的副作用。我们收集的证据表明,大黄蜂出口商至少在两个方面不遵守WTO国际贸易协定:(1)商业化大黄蜂的质量与其认证中声明的质量不同;(2)销售大黄蜂的国家违反卫生协定,对其他本地传粉昆虫产生负面影响,并对环境和农业造成一系列不利影响。这种情况表明,饲养大黄蜂的公司目前违反了世贸组织的规定,并继续对南美洲南部和其他地方的环境造成重大破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Life of the death system: shifting regimes, evolving practices, and the rise of eco-funerals 死亡的生命系统:转变的制度,不断发展的实践,以及生态葬礼的兴起
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2243779
Elena M. Slominski
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引用次数: 1
Navigating sustainability in the fashion industry: insights from entrepreneurial perspectives on collaborative approaches 引领时尚产业的可持续发展:从企业家的角度对合作方法的见解
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2242707
Chiara Di Lodovico, Alessandro Manzi
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引用次数: 0
The evolution of SDG-related third sector and public administration literature: an analysis and call for more SDG-related research 与可持续发展目标相关的第三部门和公共管理文献的演变:分析和呼吁更多与可持续发展目标相关的研究
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2236501
D. Meier
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the nexus of sustainable development and sport: the systems thinking perspective 理解可持续发展与体育的关系:系统思维视角
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/15487733.2023.2240664
I. Glibo, Joerg Koenigstorfer
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引用次数: 0
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