Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13608
J. Berthaut, J. Bidet, Mathias Thura
{"title":"Corrigendum: Making Sociologically-Grounded Fictions. A Review of the Sociorama Collection Experience","authors":"J. Berthaut, J. Bidet, Mathias Thura","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48946741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/10824
Claudio Ramos-Zincke
In Chile, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the State’s scientific and higher education institutions (CONICYT, Fondecyt, National Quality Assurance System) and universities have established criteria and procedures for evaluating the scientific production that have consolidated an orientation of research activities towards the international mainstream, expressed mainly in journals indexed as WoS and Scopus, and also, for the social sciences, in those indexed as SciELO, although with less force. This configuration of national criteria and procedures articulated with international indexations can be considered a device for regulating the conduct of the scientific researchers population in the country. After a couple of decades in operation, the results show significant increases in scientific productivity, measured with such criteria of the global mainstream, which are notoriously superior to other Latin American countries. These data and a study on Chilean researchers, based on a probabilistic survey, show an internationalized population, fundamentally connected with the central countries, of Europe and the U.S.A., and only secondarily with others in the region. This is a population that self-regulates, with increasing effectiveness, its scientific activity according to the orientations of that regulation device: it is a “well behaved” population.
{"title":"A Well-Behaved Population: The Chilean Scientific Researchers of the XXI Century and the International Regulation","authors":"Claudio Ramos-Zincke","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/10824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/10824","url":null,"abstract":"In Chile, since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the State’s scientific and higher education institutions (CONICYT, Fondecyt, National Quality Assurance System) and universities have established criteria and procedures for evaluating the scientific production that have consolidated an orientation of research activities towards the international mainstream, expressed mainly in journals indexed as WoS and Scopus, and also, for the social sciences, in those indexed as SciELO, although with less force. This configuration of national criteria and procedures articulated with international indexations can be considered a device for regulating the conduct of the scientific researchers population in the country. After a couple of decades in operation, the results show significant increases in scientific productivity, measured with such criteria of the global mainstream, which are notoriously superior to other Latin American countries. These data and a study on Chilean researchers, based on a probabilistic survey, show an internationalized population, fundamentally connected with the central countries, of Europe and the U.S.A., and only secondarily with others in the region. This is a population that self-regulates, with increasing effectiveness, its scientific activity according to the orientations of that regulation device: it is a “well behaved” population.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49429807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12558
Rachel Sherman
Rich people are generally represented, both by academics and in popular culture, as desiring always to maximize and legitimate their wealth and social advantages. But some wealthy and class-privileged people have defined themselves as the beneficiaries of illegitimate systems of accumulation, and have reframed their own self-interest to include racial and economic justice. Participating in a range of organizations, they have begun to talk more openly about their wealth and class power and to take action to change the systems that have enabled their wealth, through policy advocacy, moving money to grassroots movements and solidarity economies, and shifting public narratives. But making these changes is harder than we might imagine. Drawing primarily on 90 interviews with people in the field, this paper addresses the affective, cultural, and strategic dimensions of working against accumulation and toward redistribution. I argue that these actions challenge deeply entrenched cultural common sense about accumulation, as both an indicator of good personhood and a goal of financial activity. This common sense is not only a characteristic of individuals but is also rooted in interpersonal relationships and financial institutions.
{"title":"Against Accumulation: Class Traitors Challenge Wealth and Worth","authors":"Rachel Sherman","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12558","url":null,"abstract":"Rich people are generally represented, both by academics and in popular culture, as desiring always to maximize and legitimate their wealth and social advantages. But some wealthy and class-privileged people have defined themselves as the beneficiaries of illegitimate systems of accumulation, and have reframed their own self-interest to include racial and economic justice. Participating in a range of organizations, they have begun to talk more openly about their wealth and class power and to take action to change the systems that have enabled their wealth, through policy advocacy, moving money to grassroots movements and solidarity economies, and shifting public narratives. But making these changes is harder than we might imagine. Drawing primarily on 90 interviews with people in the field, this paper addresses the affective, cultural, and strategic dimensions of working against accumulation and toward redistribution. I argue that these actions challenge deeply entrenched cultural common sense about accumulation, as both an indicator of good personhood and a goal of financial activity. This common sense is not only a characteristic of individuals but is also rooted in interpersonal relationships and financial institutions.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12435
J. Torpey, H. Brockmann, Braelyn Hendricks
This paper addresses how the tech elite has benefited financially from the Coronavirus crisis, as well as how they have sought to give back some of their gains in order to help the broader population. We have gathered data on the stock prices, corporate revenues, and profits of the Big Tech firms and on the incomes and wealth of the tech elite, and we compare these winnings with their philanthropic giving during the pandemic year of 2020. We note that tax policies undergird both the explosion of tech profits and the growth of philanthropic giving in response to the crisis. We find that the winners among the tech elite have benefited dramatically from the pandemic without necessarily donating large amounts of money relative to their wealth. We argue that tax reforms are necessary to ensure that more of the social product comes under the democratic control of the public treasury.
{"title":"Excess Profits, Taxpayer-Subsidized Philanthropy, and the Coronavirus Crisis: Charitable Giving of the Tech Elite in Response to the Pandemic","authors":"J. Torpey, H. Brockmann, Braelyn Hendricks","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12435","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses how the tech elite has benefited financially from the Coronavirus crisis, as well as how they have sought to give back some of their gains in order to help the broader population. We have gathered data on the stock prices, corporate revenues, and profits of the Big Tech firms and on the incomes and wealth of the tech elite, and we compare these winnings with their philanthropic giving during the pandemic year of 2020. We note that tax policies undergird both the explosion of tech profits and the growth of philanthropic giving in response to the crisis. We find that the winners among the tech elite have benefited dramatically from the pandemic without necessarily donating large amounts of money relative to their wealth. We argue that tax reforms are necessary to ensure that more of the social product comes under the democratic control of the public treasury.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13546
Luca Storti, J. Dagnes
What is the sociological understanding of the super-rich? To address this question, we propose and further elaborate three interconnected lines of investigation. After highlighting some plausible criteria for identifying the super-rich, we deal first with the generative and reproductive mechanisms underpinning the huge wealth concentration emerging over the last decades. Second, we dissect the nexus between the super-rich and places, i.e., how the super-rich shape the spaces to implement their housing strategies, consumption patterns, and lifestyle. By doing so, we will also show how the super-rich transform spaces into social arenas in which they stand out through an original form of distinction made up of recognition and invisibility. Third, we will focus on the dynamics and the behaviours that help the super-rich gain social acceptance. This three-step analysis allows us to pinpoint in the conclusions some regressive outcomes in economic, social, and political terms fostered by the increasing concentration of private wealth.
{"title":"The Super-rich: Origin, Reproduction, and Social Acceptance","authors":"Luca Storti, J. Dagnes","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13546","url":null,"abstract":"What is the sociological understanding of the super-rich? To address this question, we propose and further elaborate three interconnected lines of investigation. After highlighting some plausible criteria for identifying the super-rich, we deal first with the generative and reproductive mechanisms underpinning the huge wealth concentration emerging over the last decades. Second, we dissect the nexus between the super-rich and places, i.e., how the super-rich shape the spaces to implement their housing strategies, consumption patterns, and lifestyle. By doing so, we will also show how the super-rich transform spaces into social arenas in which they stand out through an original form of distinction made up of recognition and invisibility. Third, we will focus on the dynamics and the behaviours that help the super-rich gain social acceptance. This three-step analysis allows us to pinpoint in the conclusions some regressive outcomes in economic, social, and political terms fostered by the increasing concentration of private wealth.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46958155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13545
J. Dagnes, Luca Storti
{"title":"Editors’ Note. Introduction to the Thematic Issue on “Becoming Wealthy, Staying Wealthy: Social Acceptance of the Super-rich”","authors":"J. Dagnes, Luca Storti","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12394
L. Keister, H. Lee, Jill E. Yavorsky
Wealth inequality is extreme and growing in the United States, and researchers have begun to explore the factors that are associated with membership in the top one percent of net worth owners. We contribute to this important literature by examining the association between gender and net worth in the U.S. super-rich. We propose that unmarried women, unmarried men, and married couples in the one percent are likely to have different levels of net worth and distinct patterns of asset holdings that reflect gender differences in income and saving, the household division of labor, work, and demographics. We use data from the 1989–2019 U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), a unique data set that contains a high-income, high-wealth sample designed to accurately represent wealthy households. We find modest differences in total net worth among unmarried women, unmarried men, and married couples with unmarried women owning slightly less net worth than either unmarried men or married couples. We also find that unmarried women hold a lower percentage of their net worth in business assets and a higher percentage of their assets as trust accounts compared to unmarried men and married couples. Our findings contribute to the literature that explores the wealth of the super-rich and highlight the role that gender plays in these families. Our results also build on research on the role that business assets and trusts play in wealthy families and suggest that women may be dependent on others for access to the super-rich.
{"title":"Gender and wealth in the super rich: asset differences in top wealth households in the United States, 1989–2019","authors":"L. Keister, H. Lee, Jill E. Yavorsky","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12394","url":null,"abstract":"Wealth inequality is extreme and growing in the United States, and researchers have begun to explore the factors that are associated with membership in the top one percent of net worth owners. We contribute to this important literature by examining the association between gender and net worth in the U.S. super-rich. We propose that unmarried women, unmarried men, and married couples in the one percent are likely to have different levels of net worth and distinct patterns of asset holdings that reflect gender differences in income and saving, the household division of labor, work, and demographics. We use data from the 1989–2019 U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), a unique data set that contains a high-income, high-wealth sample designed to accurately represent wealthy households. We find modest differences in total net worth among unmarried women, unmarried men, and married couples with unmarried women owning slightly less net worth than either unmarried men or married couples. We also find that unmarried women hold a lower percentage of their net worth in business assets and a higher percentage of their assets as trust accounts compared to unmarried men and married couples. Our findings contribute to the literature that explores the wealth of the super-rich and highlight the role that gender plays in these families. Our results also build on research on the role that business assets and trusts play in wealthy families and suggest that women may be dependent on others for access to the super-rich.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12395
D. Curran
There has been a recent renewal of approaches to the study of class and inequality, including Bourdieusian class analysis, the new economics of inequality, and Marxist class approaches. Despite the importance of these approaches, they have a common baseline that this paper problematises. This baseline is that these approaches to inequality identify the economic dimension of inequalities as one in which a series of goods are produced, and then different individuals or groups are able to employ certain types of powers to disproportionately appropriate or accumulate these goods. Without denying the importance of inequalities in goods, this paper focuses on another set of processes that are interacting with the process of the distribution of goods — the production and distribution of risks. This paper employs the concept risk-class to analyse how inequalities are emerging from systematic mismatches between a group’s share of the benefits from the production of risk and their share in the damages from the distribution of these risks. Bringing together an analysis of the oil and gas industry with recent discussions of inequalities emerging from financial risk, this paper identifies risk-class-elites whose advantageous risk positions are secured at the cost of intensified risks for the already least advantaged.
{"title":"Risk Mismatches and Inequalities: Oil and Gas and Elite Risk-Classes in the U.S. and Canada","authors":"D. Curran","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12395","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a recent renewal of approaches to the study of class and inequality, including Bourdieusian class analysis, the new economics of inequality, and Marxist class approaches. Despite the importance of these approaches, they have a common baseline that this paper problematises. This baseline is that these approaches to inequality identify the economic dimension of inequalities as one in which a series of goods are produced, and then different individuals or groups are able to employ certain types of powers to disproportionately appropriate or accumulate these goods. Without denying the importance of inequalities in goods, this paper focuses on another set of processes that are interacting with the process of the distribution of goods — the production and distribution of risks. This paper employs the concept risk-class to analyse how inequalities are emerging from systematic mismatches between a group’s share of the benefits from the production of risk and their share in the damages from the distribution of these risks. Bringing together an analysis of the oil and gas industry with recent discussions of inequalities emerging from financial risk, this paper identifies risk-class-elites whose advantageous risk positions are secured at the cost of intensified risks for the already least advantaged.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46719020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13414
Anat Gross, L. Suchman
{"title":"Lucy Suchman in Conversation with Ana Gross","authors":"Anat Gross, L. Suchman","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45802571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13565
B. Harrington
What relevance does an early twentieth century thinker like Simmel have for the contemporary sociology of wealth? This paper suggests that Simmel’s classic work on the secret and secret societies is embedded but largely unacknowledged in twenty-first century wealth research. Thus, the purpose of this discussion is to make these contributions more visible and sketch their implications for new directions in the field.
{"title":"Secrecy, Simmel and the New Sociology of Wealth","authors":"B. Harrington","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/13565","url":null,"abstract":"What relevance does an early twentieth century thinker like Simmel have for the contemporary sociology of wealth? This paper suggests that Simmel’s classic work on the secret and secret societies is embedded but largely unacknowledged in twenty-first century wealth research. Thus, the purpose of this discussion is to make these contributions more visible and sketch their implications for new directions in the field.","PeriodicalId":35251,"journal":{"name":"Sociologia, Problemas e Praticas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41514143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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