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Consumer’s Justification Towards (Un)Sustainable Consumption: Exploring Attitudes Among Urmia Citizens, Iran 消费者对(不)可持续消费的辩护:伊朗乌尔米亚公民的态度探索
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.7
S. Karimzadeh, E. Kasparova
Consumer’s Justification Towards (Un)Sustainable Consumption: Exploring Attitudes Among Urmia Citizens, Iran. This study argues that individuals’ consumption patterns should be considered as consequences of the production and reproduction of the public sphere settings that are affected by dominant social, political and cultural structures. Hence, we are aimed to study how a combination of social and individual mechanisms influences (un)sustainable consumption behaviors? The purposive sampling was utilized and data was generated from 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews in Urmia, Iran. Data analyzing revealed 17 subcategories and five main categories including faded trust, deliberate negligence, commoditized human bonding, material self-identification and mental discharge that finally lead to the nuclear category of the study; reflexive consumption. Each main extracted category corresponds to one aspect of consumption. By studying socio-individual reasons for the dominant consumption patterns, this study contributes to obtaining a better understanding of the impacts of social mechanisms in creating (un)sustainable consumption patterns among the target sample. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 203-224) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.7
消费者对(不)可持续消费的理由:伊朗乌尔米亚公民的态度探索。本研究认为,个人的消费模式应被视为受主导社会、政治和文化结构影响的公共领域环境的生产和再生产的结果。因此,我们的目的是研究社会和个人机制的结合如何影响(不)可持续的消费行为?采用目的性抽样,数据来自伊朗乌尔米亚的20次深度半结构化访谈。数据分析揭示了17个子类别和5个主要类别,包括褪色的信任、故意疏忽、商品化的人际关系、物质自我认同和精神放电,这些最终导致了研究的核心类别;反射性消费。每个主要提取的类别对应于消费的一个方面。通过研究主导消费模式的社会个体原因,本研究有助于更好地理解社会机制在目标样本中创造(不)可持续消费模式的影响。《社会学》2021,第53卷(第3期:203-224)https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.7
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引用次数: 0
Durkheim on ‘Primitive’ Religion: A Reappraisal 涂尔干对“原始”宗教的再评价
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.8
Z. Kotzé
Durkheim on ‘Primitive’ Religion: A Reappraisal. Durkheim is widely regarded as one of the most prominent scholars of the sociology of religion. While many scholars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been criticised for racist bias in support of imperial projects by decolonial and postcolonial thinkers in recent years, Durkheim is often celebrated for his rejection of the questionable evolutionist ideas of his time. This paper reconsiders Durkheim’s theory of so-called ‘primitive’ religion in relation to other preeminent theories of religion of his era, such as Edward Burnett Tylor’s theory of religion as animism. Utilising a postcolonial approach, the paper firstly critically examines the use of concepts such as ‘primitive’ in Tylor and Durkheim’s anthropological and sociological theories of religion, respectively. It is demonstrated that, although Durkheim was overtly critical of evolutionist approaches of his day and attempted to break from this dominant paradigm by focusing more on social structures, rather than temporal development, he failed in freeing himself from prevalent racist assumptions. Despite this failing and the fact that his theorising of religion as totemism has long since fallen out of favour, however, his focus on the social nature and function of religion should still be celebrated. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 225-237) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.8
涂尔干论“原始”宗教:再评价。迪尔凯姆被广泛认为是最杰出的宗教社会学学者之一。近年来,许多19世纪末和20世纪初的学者因支持非殖民和后殖民思想家的帝国主义计划而受到种族主义偏见的批评,而迪尔凯姆则因拒绝他那个时代有问题的进化论思想而受到称赞。本文将迪尔凯姆所谓的“原始”宗教理论与他那个时代其他杰出的宗教理论(如爱德华·伯内特·泰勒的万物有灵论)进行重新思考。利用后殖民方法,本文首先批判性地考察了泰勒和迪尔凯姆的宗教人类学和社会学理论中“原始”等概念的使用。这表明,尽管迪尔凯姆公开批评他那个时代的进化论方法,并试图通过更多地关注社会结构而不是时间发展来打破这种主导范式,但他未能将自己从流行的种族主义假设中解放出来。尽管失败了,而且他将宗教作为图腾的理论早已失宠,然而,他对宗教的社会性质和功能的关注仍然值得庆祝。Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 225-237) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.8
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引用次数: 1
Migration, Corruption, and Ideological Centrism: Explanations of Anti-Establishment Attitudes in the Czech Republic 移民、腐败和意识形态中心主义:捷克共和国反建制态度的解释
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.11
Ondrej škvarenina, V. Havlík, V. Dostálová
Migration, Corruption, and Ideological Centrism: Explanations of Anti-Establishment Attitudes in the Czech Republic. Although the Czech Republic has experienced an unprecedented rise of anti-establishment political parties in recent decades, a systematic examination of anti-establishment attitudes among the public is still missing from the scholarly literature. This paper tests different explanations for anti-establishment attitudes among the voting population, working with the concepts of anti-political establishment parties, populism, and taking into account the specific national context. Using original data from the 2017 Czech National Election Study (N = 919), we show that anti-establishment attitudes among the Czech public stem from feelings of low political efficacy, the perceived salience of corruption, and anti-immigration attitudes. These results demonstrate that researchers need to consider contextual specifics, including the nature of diverse antiestablishment actors, when searching for the causes of anti-establishment attitudes in a particular country or region. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 287-308) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.11
移民、腐败和意识形态中心主义:捷克共和国反建制态度的解释。尽管捷克共和国近几十年来经历了前所未有的反建制政党崛起,但学术文献中仍然缺乏对公众反建制态度的系统研究。本文运用反建制政党、民粹主义的概念,并考虑到特定的国家背景,检验了投票人群中反建制态度的不同解释。使用2017年捷克全国选举研究的原始数据(N=919),我们发现捷克公众的反建制态度源于政治效能感低、腐败的显著性和反移民态度。这些结果表明,研究人员在寻找特定国家或地区反建制态度的原因时,需要考虑背景细节,包括不同反建制行为者的性质。《社会学》2021,第53卷(第3期:287-308)https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.11
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引用次数: 0
Foreign Direct Investments and Labour Force Indicators in Transition Economies: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Impact Analysis 转型经济体的外国直接投资和劳动力指标:线性混合效应模型影响分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.9
Milica Peric, S. Filipovic
Foreign Direct Investments and Labour Force Indicators in Transition Economies: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Impact Analysis. Main objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of foreign direct investments (FDI) on labour force in transition economies, through monitoring and quantification of selected labour force market indicators. This research analyses and discusses the effects of FDI inward flow on labour force indicators in transition economies from the economic and social point of view (i.e. quality of life of labour force). The paper argues that FDI inward flow should have a positive effect on labour force, through the increase of employment growth rate, wages, and reduction of income inequality. Data processing was done by applying Linear Mixed-Effects Models on 17 transition countries during the period 2000 – 2017. The findings show a positive and significant impact of FDI inward flow on employment rate and on wages and salaries, while the impact of FDI inward flow on income inequality is uncertain. Finally, there are policy and future research recommendations. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 238-265) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.9
转型经济体的外国直接投资和劳动力指标:线性混合效应模型影响分析。本文的主要目的是通过监测和量化选定的劳动力市场指标,分析外国直接投资对转型经济体劳动力的影响。本研究从经济和社会角度(即劳动力生活质量)分析和讨论了外国直接投资流入对转型经济体劳动力指标的影响。文章认为,外国直接投资流入应通过提高就业增长率、工资和减少收入不平等对劳动力产生积极影响。2000-2007年期间,通过对17个转型国家应用线性混合效应模型进行了数据处理。研究结果表明,外国直接投资流入对就业率和工资产生了积极而显著的影响,而外国直接投资流出对收入不平等的影响是不确定的。最后,还有政策和未来的研究建议。《社会学》2021,第53卷(第3期:238-265)https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.9
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引用次数: 2
The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) as a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking 反共产主义抵抗在福尔古格拉斯特山脉(罗马尼亚)作为对社会记忆的挑战和批判性思维的锻炼
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.10
D. Sorea, Ana-Maria Bolborici
The Anti-Communist Resistance in the Făgăraș Mountains (Romania) as a Challenge for Social Memory and an Exercise of Critical Thinking. Social memory is dynamic, adaptable to the ensemble of group perceptions on the present. In the first decade after WWII there were numerous active anti-communist armed resistance groups in the Romanian mountains. The most powerful resistance groups operated on the southern and northern sides of the Făgăraș Mountains. According to the results of exploratory research conducted in 2020 the representations of the anti-communist resistance in the mountains in Romanian young people’s memories are feeble. Retrieving representations of the resistance is useful as critical exercise in understanding history, as source of identity comfort and as part of the lesson on totalitarianism. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 266-286) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.10
Făgăraș山脉(罗马尼亚)的反共抵抗是对社会记忆的挑战和批判性思维的锻炼。社会记忆是动态的,可以适应群体对当下的整体感知。在二战后的第一个十年里,罗马尼亚山区有许多活跃的反共武装抵抗组织。最强大的抵抗团体在Făgăraș山脉的南部和北部活动。根据2020年进行的探索性研究结果,罗马尼亚年轻人对山区反共抵抗的记忆很微弱。作为理解历史的批判性练习,作为身份安慰的来源,作为极权主义课程的一部分,检索抵抗的表现是有用的。《社会学》2021,第53卷(第3期:266-286)https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.10
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引用次数: 8
Fertility Postponement between Social Context and Biological Reality: The Case of Serbia 社会背景与生物现实之间的生育延迟——以塞尔维亚为例
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.31577/SOCIOLOGIA.2021.53.3.12
P. Vasic
Fertility Postponement between Social Context and Biological Reality: The Case of Serbia. This paper reflects some views on the biological background of fertility tempo and its demographic consequences. Assumptions are tested on Serbian fertility data, based on deductive conclusions and by applying the demographic method. Due to decreasing odds for conception as well as for a live birth pregnancy outcome with a woman’s age, the changing of the age-pattern of fertility in Serbia has led to fewer births, and has revealed the negative influence of a dispersion of births outside of an optimal reproductive age on fertility rates. This article summarizes findings about social context of fertility postponement and agerelated infertility in women and clarifies the biologically driven demographic consequences of childbirth postponement on the total number of births and total fertility rate. Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 309-336) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.12
社会背景和生物学现实之间的生育延迟:塞尔维亚的案例。本文就生育节奏的生物学背景及其对人口的影响提出了一些看法。根据演绎结论和采用人口统计学方法,用塞尔维亚生育率数据检验了假设。由于妇女的受孕几率和活产妊娠结果随年龄而下降,塞尔维亚生育率年龄格局的变化导致出生率减少,并揭示了在最佳生育年龄之外生育的分散对生育率的负面影响。本文总结了晚育和女性老年不育的社会背景,并阐明了晚育对总出生人数和总生育率的生物学驱动的人口影响。Sociológia 2021, Vol. 53 (No. 3: 309-336) https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2021.53.3.12
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引用次数: 2
Theories of Creativity: The Significance of the Insignificant. Research Note: Methodological Reflections behind the Scenes 创造力理论:无足轻重之事的意义。研究说明:幕后的方法论反思
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/11587
Benjamin Schiemer, Roman Duffner, S. R. Ayers
In this research note we describe the development process of the graphic novel The Significance of the Insignificant. We provide insights behind the scenes and show the making of decisions on selected problems and their solutions, which accompanied the process of translating creativity theory into a graphic novel. The decisions include the choice of setting, genre, characters, and their appearance, as well as the entire storyline. We conclude the research note by considering methodological issues associated with translating science into a graphic novel.
在这篇研究笔记中,我们描述了漫画小说《微不足道的意义》的发展过程。我们提供了幕后的见解,并展示了对选定问题的决策及其解决方案,这伴随着将创造力理论转化为图形小说的过程。这些决定包括选择背景,类型,角色,他们的外观,以及整个故事情节。我们通过考虑与将科学翻译成图画小说相关的方法问题来总结研究笔记。
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引用次数: 4
Seeking Shelter: How Housing and Urban Exclusion Shape Exurban Disaster 寻求庇护:住房和城市排斥如何塑造城市外灾难
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/11869
Miriam Greenberg
From extreme weather to infectious disease, disasters now arrive in ever more rapid succession, combining with and compounding one another with increasing complexity and potential for crisis. In this context I suggest a particularly important site for analysis and intervention: the chronic lack of affordable housing and broader processes of exclusion now prevalent in cities around the world. These dynamics, I argue, help drive increasing movement to and development in interface zones between urban, rural, and undeveloped areas. In so doing, they also are implicated in a range of “exurban disasters”, including wildfires and infectious disease, and in the broader crises these disasters generate for vulnerable populations. The article develops this relational argument across three moments. First, I posit contemporary dynamics of housing crisis and urban exclusion, which prevent people from finding adequate shelter in cities, as key drivers of displacement and settlement across various framings of urban interface zones — from the Wildlands Urban Interface [WUI] to the peri-urban fringe. I then explore how the increasingly forced settlement in these zones — themselves destabilized by prior processes of settler colonialism, neoliberal land-use planning, and climate change — contribute to both environmental and health related disasters. Here I focus on two contemporary cases: catastrophic wildfire in the WUI of California, and the emergence of zoonotic diseases like COVID-19 in peri-urban regions of China. Finally, with a focus on California, I explore how, once health and environmental disasters land and combine within a single location, inadequate housing increases the likelihood of multiple forms of exposure and susceptibility — e.g. to toxic smoke, respiratory ailments, and COVID. In conclusion, I argue for increased focus on the role of housing crises and urban exclusion in both the origins and outcomes of disaster. More scholarly and political work is needed that bridges city and hinterland, linking disaster research to critical approaches in housing studies and urban political ecology, together with wildfire ecology, epidemiology, and environmental stewardship.
从极端天气到传染病,灾难现在以越来越快的速度接二连三地发生,相互结合,加剧了危机的复杂性和可能性。在这方面,我提出了一个特别重要的分析和干预场所:长期缺乏负担得起的住房,以及目前世界各地城市普遍存在的更广泛的排斥过程。我认为,这些动态有助于推动城市、农村和未开发地区之间的交界区的流动和发展。在这样做的过程中,他们还卷入了一系列“远郊灾难”,包括野火和传染病,以及这些灾难给弱势群体带来的更广泛的危机。这篇文章在三个瞬间发展了这一关系论点。首先,我认为,住房危机和城市排斥的当代动态阻碍了人们在城市中找到足够的住所,是从荒地-城市界面(WUI)到城市边缘等城市界面区域各个框架中流离失所和定居的关键驱动因素。然后,我探讨了这些地区日益被迫的定居——它们本身因之前的定居者殖民主义、新自由主义土地使用规划和气候变化而不稳定——是如何导致环境和健康相关灾难的。在这里,我关注两个当代案例:加利福尼亚州WUI的灾难性野火,以及中国城市周边地区出现的人畜共患疾病,如新冠肺炎。最后,以加利福尼亚州为重点,我探讨了一旦健康和环境灾难在一个地方发生并结合在一起,住房不足如何增加多种形式暴露和易感性的可能性,例如有毒烟雾、呼吸道疾病和新冠肺炎。最后,我主张更多地关注住房危机和城市排斥在灾害起源和后果中的作用。需要更多的学术和政治工作来连接城市和腹地,将灾害研究与住房研究和城市政治生态学的关键方法,以及野火生态学、流行病学和环境管理联系起来。
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引用次数: 11
Social Sciences/Comics: A Commentary on Sociologica's Exploration of Comics 社会科学/漫画:社会学对漫画的探索述评
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/12780
Ian P. N. Hague
The writings collected in issue 15(1) of Sociologica take diverse approaches to the relationships between social sciences and comics. This commentary identifies several of the themes that bring these pieces together and make some suggestions for how the ideas and approaches sketched out in these pieces might be developed further in the future. The commentary explores how the ideas set forth in the articles overlap with concerns found in the field of Comics Studies and what the lessons learned by Comics Studies might have to offer to the field of social sciences.
《社会学报》第15期(1)收录的文章从不同角度探讨了社会科学与漫画的关系。这篇评论指出了将这些作品结合在一起的几个主题,并就这些作品中概述的思想和方法如何在未来进一步发展提出了一些建议。评论探讨了文章中提出的观点如何与漫画研究领域发现的问题重叠,以及漫画研究的经验教训可能会为社会科学领域提供什么。
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引用次数: 1
Beyond Social Vulnerability: COVID-19 as a Disaster of Racial Capitalism 超越社会脆弱性:COVID-19是种族资本主义的灾难
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/11659
Fayola Jacobs
The hazards and disasters field routinely emphasizes that there is no such thing as a natural disaster. This is a nod to the fact that environmental disasters are caused by the human actions or inactions intersecting with the occurrence of a natural hazard, e.g. hurricane, fire, earthquake. This essay argues that the disaster literature can help us understand the causes and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic but only if we consider the pandemic as a disaster and its profound impacts as outcomes of racial capitalism. Through intersectional systemic forms of oppression that both devalue Black, Indigenous and Latinx people and extract labor from them, racial capitalism has rendered these communities vulnerable.
危害和灾害领域经常强调,不存在自然灾害这回事。这是对这样一个事实的认可,即环境灾害是由与自然灾害(如飓风、火灾、地震)发生交叉的人类作为或不作为造成的。本文认为,灾难文献可以帮助我们理解新冠肺炎大流行的原因和后果,但前提是我们必须将大流行视为一场灾难,并将其深刻影响视为种族资本主义的结果。通过交叉的系统性压迫形式,既贬低黑人、土著人和拉丁裔人的价值,又从他们那里榨取劳动力,种族资本主义使这些社区变得脆弱。
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引用次数: 11
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