Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920222912504
Buğra Artun Olgun, F. Turan
It is expected that as a new production model, Industry 4.0 will tremendously alter organizational life and work methods in many sectors in the near future by triggering digital transformation in manufacturing techniques. Thus, this research aims to determine the general level of conceptual awareness in textile sector regarding Industry 4.0 practices and the factors that are influential on it. With this aim, the employees of textile firms in Istanbul are contacted and a survey is conducted with the participation of 358 volunteers. Based on the results obtained from the statistical analysis of collected data, it is found that the Industry 4.0 conceptual awareness level of the firms in Turkish textile sector is found to be at moderate level; and this level can significantly vary depending on the firm’s operating period, size (the number of employees), production structure (whether it works as a contract manufacturer) and export status (whether it does export). Further, from an individual perspective, it is observed that while the level of Industry 4.0 conceptual awareness changes significantly with respect to the employee’s age, education level, position and working duration in the firm, it does not differ significantly according to the employee’s gender.
{"title":"Tekstil Sektöründe Dijital Dönüşüm ve Tekstil Firmalarının Endüstri 4.0 Kavramsal Farkındalık Düzeyini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma","authors":"Buğra Artun Olgun, F. Turan","doi":"10.7216/1300759920222912504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920222912504","url":null,"abstract":"It is expected that as a new production model, Industry 4.0 will tremendously alter organizational life and work methods in many sectors in the near future by triggering digital transformation in manufacturing techniques. Thus, this research aims to determine the general level of conceptual awareness in textile sector regarding Industry 4.0 practices and the factors that are influential on it. With this aim, the employees of textile firms in Istanbul are contacted and a survey is conducted with the participation of 358 volunteers. Based on the results obtained from the statistical analysis of collected data, it is found that the Industry 4.0 conceptual awareness level of the firms in Turkish textile sector is found to be at moderate level; and this level can significantly vary depending on the firm’s operating period, size (the number of employees), production structure (whether it works as a contract manufacturer) and export status (whether it does export). Further, from an individual perspective, it is observed that while the level of Industry 4.0 conceptual awareness changes significantly with respect to the employee’s age, education level, position and working duration in the firm, it does not differ significantly according to the employee’s gender.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47048914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920222912502
Rıza Atav, Selma Soysal, Erkan Caglar, F. Yildiz
In this study, it was aimed to make each fiber components dyeable with a single dyestuff so that nylon / cotton blend fabrics can be dyed in the same bath. For this purpose, it was aimed to make each of these fibers dyeable with anionic dyes by cationization with chitosan. The chitosan applications made in foulard were made in two different ways using only cross-linking resin and cross-linking resin + chitosan. Then, treated and untreated fabric samples were dyed with different dye classes (wool reactive, cotton reactive, 1:2 metal complex). As a result of the trials, it was ensured that both the depth and nuance of the front and back sides of the fabric were same in the case of adding 1: 2 metal complex dye having affinity to the nylon and cotton reactive dye having affinity to cotton in addition to the wool reactive. Optimum results obtained from laboratory scale studies were also tested in mill conditions and satisfactory results were obtained in terms of color and washing, water, perspiration and light fastness values. However, it has been revealed that the wet rubbing fastness values are low and there are unevenness problems in the dyed fabric. For this reason, it is important to note that, even if chemical modification process with chitosan have been successful in laboratory-scale studies, this process have some limitations for being used in large scale production in mill conditions.
{"title":"Naylon/Pamuk Karışımı Kumaşların Tek Banyolu Boyanabilirliğini Sağlamada Kitosanla Kimyasal Modifikasyonun Etkisinin İncelenmesi","authors":"Rıza Atav, Selma Soysal, Erkan Caglar, F. Yildiz","doi":"10.7216/1300759920222912502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920222912502","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to make each fiber components dyeable with a single dyestuff so that nylon / cotton blend fabrics can be dyed in the same bath. For this purpose, it was aimed to make each of these fibers dyeable with anionic dyes by cationization with chitosan. The chitosan applications made in foulard were made in two different ways using only cross-linking resin and cross-linking resin + chitosan. Then, treated and untreated fabric samples were dyed with different dye classes (wool reactive, cotton reactive, 1:2 metal complex). As a result of the trials, it was ensured that both the depth and nuance of the front and back sides of the fabric were same in the case of adding 1: 2 metal complex dye having affinity to the nylon and cotton reactive dye having affinity to cotton in addition to the wool reactive. Optimum results obtained from laboratory scale studies were also tested in mill conditions and satisfactory results were obtained in terms of color and washing, water, perspiration and light fastness values. However, it has been revealed that the wet rubbing fastness values are low and there are unevenness problems in the dyed fabric. For this reason, it is important to note that, even if chemical modification process with chitosan have been successful in laboratory-scale studies, this process have some limitations for being used in large scale production in mill conditions.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In this study, an environmentally friendly process was developed with amylase, cellulase and pectinase enzymes without using bleaching chemicals in the pretreatment process of 100% cotton woven pile fabrics. After enzymatic pretreatment, a product ready for sale was obtained without dyeing. The obtained product has been dermatologically tested by approved organizations and it has been concluded that it is anti-allergen and anti-carcinogenic. Fabrics pretreated by conventional method and fabrics pretreated by enzymatic method were dyed with reactive dyestuffs. After dyeing, ∆E color differences, hydrophilicity and fastness tests were applied to examine the differences between fabrics dyed by both methods. It was concluded that the dyestuff gain between 6-37% and cost savings between 6-27% in the midtone and dark colors of the fabrics.
{"title":"PAMUKLU KUMAŞLARIN ÖN İŞLEM PROSESİNDE ENZİM KULLANIMI İLE YENİ ÜRÜN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE ÜRÜNÜN RENKLENDİRİLMESİ","authors":"Güzin Akyol, Eyüphan Yener, Saliha Büşra Karakelle","doi":"10.7216/1300759920222912503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920222912503","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, an environmentally friendly process was developed with amylase, cellulase and pectinase enzymes without using bleaching chemicals in the pretreatment process of 100% cotton woven pile fabrics. After enzymatic pretreatment, a product ready for sale was obtained without dyeing. The obtained product has been dermatologically tested by approved organizations and it has been concluded that it is anti-allergen and anti-carcinogenic. Fabrics pretreated by conventional method and fabrics pretreated by enzymatic method were dyed with reactive dyestuffs. After dyeing, ∆E color differences, hydrophilicity and fastness tests were applied to examine the differences between fabrics dyed by both methods. It was concluded that the dyestuff gain between 6-37% and cost savings between 6-27% in the midtone and dark colors of the fabrics.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812404
Züleyha Deǧirmenci, İlker Bozkurt
The carpet weaving industry is an important sector all over the world and there are no regulations about the noise of carpet weaving machines. Noise can cause a type of occupational disease if necessary, precautions are not taken. If the sound of the machine is not changed, the place of noisy machines can be changed in the mill to decrease the risk of danger originated by noise. In this study, 5 different carpet mills in Gaziantep, Türkiye were selected to detect the noise level randomly. The data were collected by using a noise measurement device positioned at a 1 m distance from the noise source. The measured values are compared to accepted values and necessary relocations of machines were made. In accordance with the noise-ambient measurement results weaving, carpet back coating, engraving, automation machines, and pneumatic table are found as noisy machines. Within these machines, engraving and weaving machines are the noisiest ones and there is a risk for the operators of engraving and weaving machines. At the end of the study, some suggestions to minimize the noise were given to the factories.
{"title":"Investigation of Noise Exposure in Carpet Factories","authors":"Züleyha Deǧirmenci, İlker Bozkurt","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812404","url":null,"abstract":"The carpet weaving industry is an important sector all over the world and there are no regulations about the noise of carpet weaving machines. Noise can cause a type of occupational disease if necessary, precautions are not taken. If the sound of the machine is not changed, the place of noisy machines can be changed in the mill to decrease the risk of danger originated by noise. In this study, 5 different carpet mills in Gaziantep, Türkiye were selected to detect the noise level randomly. The data were collected by using a noise measurement device positioned at a 1 m distance from the noise source. The measured values are compared to accepted values and necessary relocations of machines were made. In accordance with the noise-ambient measurement results weaving, carpet back coating, engraving, automation machines, and pneumatic table are found as noisy machines. Within these machines, engraving and weaving machines are the noisiest ones and there is a risk for the operators of engraving and weaving machines. At the end of the study, some suggestions to minimize the noise were given to the factories.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42921705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812402
Lemiye Atabek Savaş
In this study, polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (PP/TPU) blends of different weight ratios (75/25 and 25/75) were processed by melt blending using a maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) copolymer at different concentrations (0-3-5-7-9-11 phr) as coupling agent. The influences of the weight ratio of the polymers and amount of the coupling agent on the contact angle and surface free energy properties of the blends were investigated. Blends of PP and TPU are developed to reduce the cost of TPU, as well as to provide various combinations of thermal and mechanical properties. However, mixing of the two polymers is difficult due to the difference in polarity and interfacial tensions. Various compatibilizers are used in order to increase the mixing efficiency and also to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, one of them is PP-g-MA. With this study, it is aimed to understand the effects of blend composition and compatibilizer usage on the surface and contact angle properties of PP/TPU blends which have numerous uses such as blood and intravenous bags, especially in environments in contact with liquids. In addition, it has been aimed whether the mixing efficiency of polymer blends can be determined by contact angle measurements. It was found that the blend with 75% PP-25% TPU composition containing 9 phr PP-g-MA was found to be optimum in terms of an effective interfacial bond.
{"title":"Uyumlaştırıcı Kullanımı Ve Kimyasal Bileşimin Polipropilen/Termoplastik Poliüretan Karışımlarının Temas Açısı Ve Serbest Yüzey Enerjisi Özelliklerine Etkisi","authors":"Lemiye Atabek Savaş","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812402","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (PP/TPU) blends of different weight ratios (75/25 and 25/75) were processed by melt blending using a maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) copolymer at different concentrations (0-3-5-7-9-11 phr) as coupling agent. The influences of the weight ratio of the polymers and amount of the coupling agent on the contact angle and surface free energy properties of the blends were investigated. Blends of PP and TPU are developed to reduce the cost of TPU, as well as to provide various combinations of thermal and mechanical properties. However, mixing of the two polymers is difficult due to the difference in polarity and interfacial tensions. Various compatibilizers are used in order to increase the mixing efficiency and also to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, one of them is PP-g-MA. With this study, it is aimed to understand the effects of blend composition and compatibilizer usage on the surface and contact angle properties of PP/TPU blends which have numerous uses such as blood and intravenous bags, especially in environments in contact with liquids. In addition, it has been aimed whether the mixing efficiency of polymer blends can be determined by contact angle measurements. It was found that the blend with 75% PP-25% TPU composition containing 9 phr PP-g-MA was found to be optimum in terms of an effective interfacial bond.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812401
N. Paşayev, Onur Tekoğlu, S. Kocatepe, M. Erol, N. Maraş
Chicken feathers are obtained as a by-product in the production of poultry meat. Due to its stiffness, fragility and inelasticity, chicken feathers are not considered a valuable material and are mostly industrial waste, the volume of which is increasing. Therefore, chicken meat producers are trying to get rid of them in every possible way. In recent years, instead of getting rid of chicken feathers, research has been carried out towards using their wonderful properties from nature. Among these studies, a special place is occupied by the production of fibers from chicken feathers, which could be used in the textile industry. The presented work concerns the development of a mechanized method for the production of fiber from chicken feathers on an industrial scale. The proposed method is based on the separation of the fibrous part of the feather from the stem of the feather by mechanical cutting using an aerodynamic disperser. With this method, protein fibers with many valuable properties have been obtained, the weight of which is half that of chicken feathers. In addition to these fibers, called chicken feather fibers, a feather stalk is obtained as a by-product, which, due to its lightness and strength, is a suitable raw material for the production of composites. In this work, the properties of the products obtained by the above-mentioned method were studied, and it was determined that the materials obtained as a result of processing the produced chicken feathers are raw materials suitable for industrial use. The production parameters of the machine used to separate the fibers from the stem were also investigated and it was observed that the operating parameters of the machine did not adversely affect the natural properties of the fibers produced.
{"title":"The Machine Method for Processing Chicken Feathers by Splitting them into Fibers and Rachis","authors":"N. Paşayev, Onur Tekoğlu, S. Kocatepe, M. Erol, N. Maraş","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812401","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken feathers are obtained as a by-product in the production of poultry meat. Due to its stiffness, fragility and inelasticity, chicken feathers are not considered a valuable material and are mostly industrial waste, the volume of which is increasing. Therefore, chicken meat producers are trying to get rid of them in every possible way. In recent years, instead of getting rid of chicken feathers, research has been carried out towards using their wonderful properties from nature. Among these studies, a special place is occupied by the production of fibers from chicken feathers, which could be used in the textile industry. The presented work concerns the development of a mechanized method for the production of fiber from chicken feathers on an industrial scale. The proposed method is based on the separation of the fibrous part of the feather from the stem of the feather by mechanical cutting using an aerodynamic disperser. With this method, protein fibers with many valuable properties have been obtained, the weight of which is half that of chicken feathers. In addition to these fibers, called chicken feather fibers, a feather stalk is obtained as a by-product, which, due to its lightness and strength, is a suitable raw material for the production of composites. In this work, the properties of the products obtained by the above-mentioned method were studied, and it was determined that the materials obtained as a result of processing the produced chicken feathers are raw materials suitable for industrial use. The production parameters of the machine used to separate the fibers from the stem were also investigated and it was observed that the operating parameters of the machine did not adversely affect the natural properties of the fibers produced.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43448301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812403
H. Kurnia, C. Jaqin, H. Purba, I. Setiawan
This study aimed to determine the level of sigma defects of socks and provide suggestions for quality improvements in reducing the percentage of socks defects. The scope of this research is in one of the garment industries with socks produced on the Lonati Single brand Knitting machine, which has decreased production due to production defects that do not meet the target. The methodology used in this study is the Define Measure Analyze Improve Control (DMAIC) approach and implementation of Six Sigma. The results of this study that the level of Sigma before a repair is 3.7017 and after the repair is 3.9614 and proposes that all improvement efforts be included in the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) to be documented and applied because the percentage of socks defects decreased from 11.08% to 5.54%.
{"title":"Implementation of Six Sigma in the DMAIC Approach for Quality Improvement in the Knitting Socks Industry","authors":"H. Kurnia, C. Jaqin, H. Purba, I. Setiawan","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812403","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the level of sigma defects of socks and provide suggestions for quality improvements in reducing the percentage of socks defects. The scope of this research is in one of the garment industries with socks produced on the Lonati Single brand Knitting machine, which has decreased production due to production defects that do not meet the target. The methodology used in this study is the Define Measure Analyze Improve Control (DMAIC) approach and implementation of Six Sigma. The results of this study that the level of Sigma before a repair is 3.7017 and after the repair is 3.9614 and proposes that all improvement efforts be included in the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) to be documented and applied because the percentage of socks defects decreased from 11.08% to 5.54%.","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812307
Mahmut Teki̇n, Derya Öztürk, S. Kara
{"title":"Reklama Yönelik Şüphenin Marka Deneyimi ve Marka Güvenine Etkisi: Hazır Giyim Markası Üzerine Bir Araştırma","authors":"Mahmut Teki̇n, Derya Öztürk, S. Kara","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41292861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812306
M. Erol
{"title":"An In-Line Control Model Proposal Developed to Reduce Manufacturing Defects in Garment Industry Sewing Line","authors":"M. Erol","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45476449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.7216/1300759920212812304
M. F. Talu
{"title":"Automatic Measurement of Shrinkage Rate in Denim Fabrics After Washing","authors":"M. F. Talu","doi":"10.7216/1300759920212812304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35281,"journal":{"name":"Tekstil ve Muhendis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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