Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

A multidisciplinary approach to recovery after injuries of the ankle joint in elderly and senile people by specialists of various profiles using drug and non-drug methods is especially relevant today. It is required to develop and put into practice various options for the combined use of physical rehabilitation means at different stages of the rehabilitation treatment of elderly and senile patients with this pathology. The study revealed no significant complications and side effects when using this technique, which allows us to recommend it as a means of secondary prevention and injuries of the ankle joint, especially with contraindications to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids. A significant difference was found in goniometry parameters after the recovery period in patients in the main and comparison groups. Despite the fact that in both groups the difference in values was probably significant, but in the main group it was much larger (almost 1,5 times). The technique can be recommended for use in fitness centers, athletic halls and medical and physical education dispensaries.

The main part of the injuries of elderly and senile patients as a result of physical activity falls on the lower limbs, due to the increased load during movement. Ankle injuries have a multifactorial etiology involving the interaction of compensatory spinal and leg biomechanics, environmental factors, and shoe selection. In this regard, it is necessary to prepare a complex of rehabilitation measures, including physical therapy, with the possibility of implementing the recovery process not only on an outpatient basis, but also at home, thereby improving the quality of life and preventing disability. The patients of the comparison group received standard complex therapy, including orthopedic methods of treatment, drug therapy, myostimulation, and massage. For patients of the main group, in addition to the traditional complex, the exercise therapy technique according to the claimed method was added. The study revealed no significant complications and side effects when using this technique, which allows us to recommend it as a means of secondary prevention and injuries of the ankle joint, especially when conservative and targeted therapy is contraindicated. A significant difference was found in goniometry parameters after the recovery period in patients in the main and comparison groups.

The review is devoted to the influence of the microbiota on the development of such an age-dependent disease as coronary heart disease, the formation of which depends on atherogenesis in particular. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service also confirm that coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the Russian Federation today. It is known that the vast majority of cardiovascular diseases are atherosclerosis-associated pathologies. Atherogenesis and the state of the human gut microbiome are dynamically interrelated. The gut microbiota, which consists predominantly of bacteria, plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is based on systemic inflammation. Aging is accompanied by a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including a basic pro-inflammatory state (i.e., «inflammation-aging»), the activity of which is maintained by the microbiota in older individuals and increases their susceptibility to diseases. Intestinal microbiocenosis in elderly and senile people differs from those of young people. In persons of older age groups, there is an increase in microorganisms secreting endotoxins lipopolysaccharide and trimethylamine-n-oxide, initiating and maintaining chronic inflammation. More research is needed to study the mechanisms of action of microbial metabolites and their clinical application in various therapeutic interventions.

Secretory phenotype associated with the aging (SASP) of chondrocytes forms the conditions for the musculoskeletal system diseases development, in particular, osteoarthritis (OA). The search for effective methods for OA treating is an urgent task of molecular gerontology. The purpose of this work is to characterize the SASP of chondrocytes and to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of AED peptide and the cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC). It was found that chondrocyte's SASP is characterized by an increase of the synthesis of p16, p21, p53 pro-apoptotic proteins, TNF-α, IL-1α pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease of Sirt1synthesis. Peptides AED and CPC normalize the synthesis of molecules that form SASP of chondrocytes. This effect may explain their geroprotective effect and effectiveness in studies of various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, including OA.

The authors conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study of a random sample of community-based older adults aged 65 years and older (n=611) to assess the impact of psychological resilience on the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). To assess the degree of psychological resilience, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) with 47 and more points was used. The prevalence of AF was 30,1% (n=184). Participants who scored 47 or more on the SOC, after adjusting for all confounders, had a 42,9% lower risk of AF. Thus, psychological resilience is one of the protective factors that reduce the risk of AF in older adults. The use of SOC with a cut-off point of less than 47 allow to identify older adults at risk of AF.

An increasing number of elderly and senile people characterises the structure of modern society. With ageing, a violation of the microelement homeostasis of the human body occurs. The natural biogeochemical conditions of the North initiate a metabolic restructuring of the body, accompanied by changes in the microelement state, which disrupts the functions of protective systems and increases the risk of developing diseases. The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibility of developing a mineral metabolism disorder in elderly and senile people who have suffered community-acquired pneumonia, not associated with the COVID-19 virus, due to the nutritional habits in the Republic of Karelia. The assessment of food rations and the study of the awareness of healthy nutrition of these individuals were carried out, according to a specially designed questionnaire. Of the 100 questionnaires distributed, 89 suitable for analysis were studied, taking into account the gender of the respondents. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that the nutrition of elderly and senile people cannot meet the body's needs for trace elements due to insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, dairy and meat products, and fish.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a socially significant age-associated disease, for the treatment of which a search for new effective drugs is underway. The development of OA correlates with the development of the aging-associated secretory chondrocyte phenotype (SASP). The purpose of the review is to analyze the pool of signaling molecules that form SASP of chondrocytes in OA and substantiate the possibility of peptide chondroprotection. It has been established that SASP of chondrocytes is characterized by a decrease in the synthesis of sirtuins, impaired remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and activation of cytokine production. Sigumir, a polypeptide complex of cartilage and bone tissues of young animals, and the AED tripeptide (Kartalax) have shown high efficacy in animal models of OA and oral administration in patients with OA of older age groups. These peptide substances regulate the synthesis of proapoptotic and proliferotropic molecules that form the SASP of chondrocytes.

The article presents an overview of the current problems of polypharmacy in geriatric patients when taking drugs with a risk of photosensitivity. The article contains information about emerging adverse drug reactions, as well as methods for diagnosing, correcting and preventing phototoxic and photoallergic reactions in patients of older age groups. The main aspects of dermatological support in the system of long-term care for geriatric patients when taking drugs with a risk of photosensitivity are outlined. Clinical signs of senile xerosis and skin manifestations of adverse drug reactions were studied when taking drugs with the risk of photosensitization before and after the use of a photoprotector in elderly patients.

The article describes the trends in the primary morbidity of the elderly by the class of eye disease and its accessory apparatus (H00-H59) in the Arkhangelsk region of Russian Federation from 2018 to 2021, analyzes the features of morbidity by gender, age, form of medical care, nosology according to the Territorial Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance of the Arkhangelsk region (TFOMS AR), n=418 196. The indicators of primary morbidity of eye diseases in the elderly have a general negative trend, increasing in 2019 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In men, the dynamics of morbidity over five years is lower than in women. Primary morbidity is higher in the group of 70-79 years than in other age groups in relative and absolute values. 90% of primary diagnoses were made during outpatient admission, 6% in a round-the-clock hospital. Among nosologies, the leading ones are lens diseases (H25-H28) - 41,9% and glaucoma (H40-H42) - 20,6%. The data obtained can be used to organize preventive measures, for example, drawing up a plan for medical examination and dispensary observation of the elderly population, as well as to assess sensory deficits when analyzing the level of functionality in the elderly with a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

With increasing life expectancy, there is an increase in the number of patients with symptoms caused by aging of the vestibular system - presbyvestibulopathy. Presbyvestibulopathy is based on degenerative processes in various parts of the vestibular analyzer - from the semicircular canals and otolithic receptors to the conduction tracts and vestibular nuclei. When examining such patients, it is necessary to take into account the multiplicity of damage to sensory systems in the elderly (impaired balance, vision, cognitive functions). Recognizing presbyvestibulopathy as part of the multifaceted aging process will help to develop comprehensive approaches to the treatment of patients who are always at risk for deterioration of the condition. In this review, we discuss the association of presbyvestibulopathy with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the correlation between presbyvestibulopathy and balance, visual, cognitive, and psychological disorders.