Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

The study included a comparative study of the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) to hydrogen sulfide-mediated (H2S) dilation of the pial arteries in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 and 18 months. In vivo micrography was used to study dilatory responses of arteries ranging in size from 8 to 86 microns to the effect of H2S donor (sodium hydrosulfide solution, NaHS, 3·10-5 М) and their changes after the use of blockers. A non-specific NO-synthase blocker (L-NAME, 10-4 M), an inducible NO-synthase blocker (aminoguanidine, 10-4 M) and sGC blocker (methylene blue, 10-4 M) were used in the experiment. The results showed the presence of age-related changes at the level of all links of the NO-sGC signaling cascade. Aging is accompanied by a change in the NO-mediated mechanisms of the pial arteries dilatation reactions to exposure to NaHS solution. The contribution of NO synthesized with the participation of an inducible form of nitric oxide synthase, to dilation increases. The contribution of the sGC also increases with age. In young rats (4-month-old), this mechanism is expressed only in arteries with a diameter of <20 µm, whereas in 18-month-old animals, the contribution of sGC to H2S-induced dilation is found in arteries of all sizes studied. The results obtained reveal the possibility of using H2S as an activator of the NO-sGC signaling pathway in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases accompanying the aging process.

This article provides a review of the literature on the problem of peripheral atherosclerosis in elderly and senile patients. Peripheral atherosclerosis is observed in 85% of patients of the older age groups, with the progression of pathological processes leading to such fatal consequences as acute cerebrovascular accident, loss of limbs, which undoubtedly affects both the quality of life of the patient and the duration of the latter.

More than 60% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time are aged 65 and older. This article presents an analysis of the impact of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) on treatment outcomes for elderly cancer patients. The aim of this article was to analyze the relationship between CGA, the frailty, and treatment outcomes in older adults with cancer. A literature analysis was conducted without date or language filters. A correlation was identified between frailty indicators and survival, mortality, and other outcomes in oncogeriatric patients. An analysis of outcome assessment measures in patients with frailty was performed. Combinations of CGA elements applicable to oncogeriatric patients were identified. The utility of CGA in oncogeriatric practice was evaluated. Further research in this area represents a significant contribution to the development of oncogeriatric medicine and the enhancement of treatment effectiveness for older adults with cancer.

The study examined the effectiveness of using the peptide complex «Visulingval» in the complex therapy of prosthetic stomatitis in elderly people suffering from complete loss of teeth and using removable acrylic dentures. 52 elderly patients (62-74 years old) who suffered complete loss of teeth in both jaws were examined. The surveyed were divided into 3 groups. The parameters of secretory immunoglobulin A, antimicrobial peptides, as well as the detection of Candida spp. in the oral cavity were studied. Using of the peptide bioregulator in the course of complex therapy of prosthetic stomatitis contributed to an increase in mucosal immunity of the oral mucosa. It should be recognized that it is advisable to use the peptide bioregulator «Visulingval» in elderly patients using full removable acrylic dentures for the prevention and treatment of prosthetic stomatitis.

Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining health and slowing down aging, reducing the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases. Epidemiological data confirm a close relationship between physical activity and life expectancy. The mechanisms underlying these improvements are very complex and completely unknown. The physiological processes associated with aging of the body can be judged by biomarkers. Physical activity and exercise have a significant impact on various physiological and biochemical processes associated with aging, including the rate of telomere shortening, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, myokine release, autophagy, oxidative stress, and signaling of insulin-like growth factor. The purpose of this review is to analyze the literature data on the effect of physical activity on biomarkers of age-related changes and age-related diseases.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is an inevitable progressive disease worldwide. The article presents the results of using a different left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in patients with chronic heart failure of different age groups. To report the experience, results and efficiency of using modern implantable devices with full magnetic levitation technology based on randomized clinical trials and real clinical practice. The overview of HeartMate3TM and its theory of operation are considered. This review study aims to systematize the available modern scientific information regarding the using of LVADs including HeartMate3TM system in the complex treatment of CHF in patients of different age groups.

The article is devoted to the treatment of primary health care among older people living in urban and rural areas. The empirical basis of the research consists of semi-structured interviews conducted with residents of St. Petersburg and villages of the Republic of Karelia. A total of 40 interviews were collected. Using the method of thematic analysis, key strategies for seeking primary health care were identified, as well as the specifics of calling for emergency care and the impact of the place of residence on the subjective experience of seeking primary health care. In the course of the study, three main strategies for seeking primary health care were identified: The strategy of emergency treatment for primary health care involves treatment exclusively in critical situations. The strategy of frequent access to primary health care is characterized by regular interaction with medical institutions. The strategy of therapeutic treatment for primary health care focuses on preventive visits and planned treatment. The results show differences in the frequency and nature of requests depending on the place of residence. Urban residents are more likely to seek primary health care, while in rural areas they apply less regularly. These differences underline the importance of studying the subjective perception of primary health care and the experience of older people in various social and territorial contexts.

Aging is associated with a decline in the patient's physical, mental, and social domains. The physical condition of the elderly is assessed by measuring walking speed, balance impairment, assessing the risk of falls syndrome and other methods. Sensory deficits are also part of the aging body and can affect physical status. It is necessary to know how the parameters of physical status can change in certain pathologies of sensory organs, in particular the eyes. Objective: to study the relationship between physical status disorders and visual pathology in patients over 60 years of age. The database was compiled on the basis of medical records of 481 patients of the Arkhangelsk War Veterans Hospital JSC from 2019-2023. Impaired characteristics of physical status increased with increasing age group; women were mostly affected by impaired physical status. Associations with decreased walking speed were shown by glaucoma OR=1,74; 95% CI 1,10-2,77, cataract OR=1,83; 95% CI 1,12-2,97, retinopathy OR=2,15; 95% CI 1,09-4,03 and refractive error OR=1,47; 95% CI 1,14-2,53. Worsening of the Time up and go test showed refractive error OR 1,47; 95% CI 1,14-2,53. An increased risk of falls according to the Morse scale was shown by uncorrected vision OR 1,51; 95% CI 1-2,26. The listed diseases can serve as ophthalmic pathology markers when introducing a geriatric approach and constructing an algorithm for providing ophthalmological care to the elderly.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Treatment of elderly patients with NHL has always been a challenge; however, treatment statistics have begun to show favorable results similar to those of younger patients with DLBCL, thanks to new treatment protocols. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of prognostic factors on survival and efficacy of therapy in elderly patients with DLBCL in the Republic of Crimea. This study included 87 patients diagnosed with DLBCL who were treated in the Department of Hematology and Chemotherapy of the N.A. Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital from 2008 to 2024. The mean age was 72 (65-89) years, and 13 (14,9%) patients were over 80 years old. The median follow-up time was 42 months, and 45 patients (51,7%) died during the follow-up period. The median overall survival (OS) was 55 months, and the median progression-free survival was calculated as 27 months. Sixty-three patients (72,4%) received standard therapy R-CHOP. Complete response was achieved in 46 patients (52,9%). The median survival for patients with complete response was 136 months (p<0,001); however, OS was not statistically different between elderly (>80 years) and young patients (p=0,236). According to our results, we believe that the opportunity to undergo standard therapy R-CHOP is vital for the survival of elderly patients with DLBCL.

The aim of this work was to examine the content of tumor necrosis factor in fibroblasts of human dermis from the development until 85 years old, and defining of a role of this protein age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. Tumor necrosis factor, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of fibroblasts vimentin were detected with indirect immunohistochemical staining. Results showed that portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for tumor necrosis factor in the dermis is increased from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 60 years old followed by a little decrease in age interval 61-85 years old. Common number and percent of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis are decreased with age with more expressed changes until 40 years old. Correlation analysis showed that age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferative activity is significantly associated with increase in the number of dermal fibroblasts positively stained for tumor necrosis factor. Results obtained allow to suggest that tumor necrosis factor plays a role in age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferation in human dermis.