{"title":"Linee guida per la determinazione di sostanze stupefacenti e psicotrope su campioni biologici con finalità tossicologico-forensi e medico-legali","authors":"Sabina STRANO ROSSI, Giampietro FRISON, Silvio CHERICONI, Elisabetta BERTOL, Donata FAVRETTO, Simona PICHINI, Alberto SALOMONE, Franco TAGLIARO, Claudia VIGNALI","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00204-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00204-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136167827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00202-5
Marco PRADELLA
The clinician’s view of digital data management in the medical laboratory is undoubtedly more important for quality and patient safety than that of the laboratory itself. This is clear from international standards: European standards such as the International Patient Summary (IPS) and the Pharmacotherapy Decision Support System (CEN ISO/TS 22756:2020), alongside numerous international standards. The relevant ISO document families originated in the 1980s. The ISO Open Systems Interconnection (ISO-OSI) model is the basis for the standards on system interconnection. Attention was then directed to the functional content of interconnections, i.e. interoperability. ISO has provided standards for interoperability in various fields, such as drugs and various objects. CLSI recently published the document AUTO17, dedicated to semantic interoperability for in vitro diagnostic systems.
{"title":"I dati dei dispositivi medici e della In Vitro Diagnosis (IVD)","authors":"Marco PRADELLA","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00202-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00202-5","url":null,"abstract":"The clinician’s view of digital data management in the medical laboratory is undoubtedly more important for quality and patient safety than that of the laboratory itself. This is clear from international standards: European standards such as the International Patient Summary (IPS) and the Pharmacotherapy Decision Support System (CEN ISO/TS 22756:2020), alongside numerous international standards. The relevant ISO document families originated in the 1980s. The ISO Open Systems Interconnection (ISO-OSI) model is the basis for the standards on system interconnection. Attention was then directed to the functional content of interconnections, i.e. interoperability. ISO has provided standards for interoperability in various fields, such as drugs and various objects. CLSI recently published the document AUTO17, dedicated to semantic interoperability for in vitro diagnostic systems.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00207-4
Maria S. NIGRO, Filomena CAROTENUTO, Alfredo DICOSOLO, Vania BARBUI, Giorgio FARINA, Stefano GRANDESSO
BACKGROUND: In the period between November 2022 and May 2023, the Laboratory of the Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale (San Donà di Piave, Venice, Italy) received 466 requests for the search for influenza A and influenza B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from 426 patients of various age groups.METHODS: All patients were also screened for SARS-Cov-2 infection using the methods provided by Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV and Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Cepheid (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and MDX Simplexa™ DiaSorin (Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy).RESULTS: Overall, 249 negative results were obtained for the 4 viruses tested, 64 positive results for influenza A virus, 31 positive results for influenza B virus, 78 positive results for respiratory syncytial virus and 16 positive results for SARS-CoV-2.CONCLUSIONS: From an analysis conducted on the results obtained, it is believed that the use of a multiplex test can be useful for diagnosing viral infections, even those with a pediatric prevalence, in adult and/or elderly patients.
{"title":"Analisi delle infezioni respiratorie acute provocate dai virus influenzali nel Veneto orientale","authors":"Maria S. NIGRO, Filomena CAROTENUTO, Alfredo DICOSOLO, Vania BARBUI, Giorgio FARINA, Stefano GRANDESSO","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00207-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00207-4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In the period between November 2022 and May 2023, the Laboratory of the Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale (San Donà di Piave, Venice, Italy) received 466 requests for the search for influenza A and influenza B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from 426 patients of various age groups.METHODS: All patients were also screened for SARS-Cov-2 infection using the methods provided by Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV and Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Cepheid (Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and MDX Simplexa™ DiaSorin (Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy).RESULTS: Overall, 249 negative results were obtained for the 4 viruses tested, 64 positive results for influenza A virus, 31 positive results for influenza B virus, 78 positive results for respiratory syncytial virus and 16 positive results for SARS-CoV-2.CONCLUSIONS: From an analysis conducted on the results obtained, it is believed that the use of a multiplex test can be useful for diagnosing viral infections, even those with a pediatric prevalence, in adult and/or elderly patients.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136054520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00203-7
Antonio J. URIBE BAYONA, Maria J. CHAVES MEDINA, Herney A. GARCÍA-PERDOMO
BACKGROUND: To determine the association between the most common miRNA expression assessment and early diagnosis and prognosis in testicular germ cell tumors.METHODS: We developed a search strategy including clinical trials, quasi-experiments, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in the most critical databases (Medline, Embase, LILACS, Central) related to testicular cancer and miRNA as diagnostic tools.RESULTS: We found 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 1816 patients with multiple miRNAs assessed but more frequently looked at the miRNA 371, 372, and 373, finding an important relation between these mi-RNA and diagnosis of testicular tumors.CONCLUSIONS: mi-RNA 371 has good evidence that favors its use in diagnosing testicular tumors.
{"title":"Association between microRNA and the diagnosis and prognosis of testicular cancer: a systematic review","authors":"Antonio J. URIBE BAYONA, Maria J. CHAVES MEDINA, Herney A. GARCÍA-PERDOMO","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00203-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00203-7","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To determine the association between the most common miRNA expression assessment and early diagnosis and prognosis in testicular germ cell tumors.METHODS: We developed a search strategy including clinical trials, quasi-experiments, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies in the most critical databases (Medline, Embase, LILACS, Central) related to testicular cancer and miRNA as diagnostic tools.RESULTS: We found 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 1816 patients with multiple miRNAs assessed but more frequently looked at the miRNA 371, 372, and 373, finding an important relation between these mi-RNA and diagnosis of testicular tumors.CONCLUSIONS: mi-RNA 371 has good evidence that favors its use in diagnosing testicular tumors.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00208-6
Margherita MORANDINI, Romolo M. DORIZZI, Piero CAPPELLETTI
The medical world is involved in the urgency of the ecological transition also from a regulatory and certification point of view. For Laboratory Medicine, the topic of environmental sustainability was addressed in Europe by European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) in the 2022 Third Strategic Conference. Its Green and Sustainable Laboratories Task Force also published a Booklet with recommendations for chemicals, energy, water, and waste. There are many theoretical and practical suggestions, often aimed at the construction of new SMART and GREEN laboratories and involving many stakeholders. However, there are preliminary actions for sustainability that can be pursued immediately by all laboratories: dematerialization with the interoperability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems; risk management and quality assurance through ISO 15189 accreditation and the application of Total Quality Management (TQM); efficiency and the hunt for waste with the application of the LEAN vision to laboratories. Awareness of the practicability of interventions should be supported by adequate educational activities.
{"title":"GREEN LAB: la Medicina di Laboratorio e la sostenibilità. Un'introduzione","authors":"Margherita MORANDINI, Romolo M. DORIZZI, Piero CAPPELLETTI","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00208-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00208-6","url":null,"abstract":"The medical world is involved in the urgency of the ecological transition also from a regulatory and certification point of view. For Laboratory Medicine, the topic of environmental sustainability was addressed in Europe by European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) in the 2022 Third Strategic Conference. Its Green and Sustainable Laboratories Task Force also published a Booklet with recommendations for chemicals, energy, water, and waste. There are many theoretical and practical suggestions, often aimed at the construction of new SMART and GREEN laboratories and involving many stakeholders. However, there are preliminary actions for sustainability that can be pursued immediately by all laboratories: dematerialization with the interoperability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems; risk management and quality assurance through ISO 15189 accreditation and the application of Total Quality Management (TQM); efficiency and the hunt for waste with the application of the LEAN vision to laboratories. Awareness of the practicability of interventions should be supported by adequate educational activities.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00206-2
Federica DE LUCA
Senescence is a complex biological process of gradual deterioration of cellular function over time in which cells stop dividing and have reduced functionality. In fact, senescent cells remain in a state of non-reactive cell cycle arrest although they preserve a metabolically active capacity of altering genetic and phenotypic characteristics as well as influencing the surrounding environment and adjacent cells. They are characterized by increased lysosomal activity and the acquisition of a bioactive secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP phenotype consists of a variety of molecules, including, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) chemokines, growth factors, angiogenic factors, proteases, extracellular matrix components, and metalloproteinases. The role of SASP in the tumor context is ambivalent because it seems that it protects cells from a pathological condition but also it contains a set of factors capable of inducing a neoplastic transformation. Cancer cells, in fact, can evade cell cycle control mechanisms, take advantage of senescence in order to survive and continue to proliferate, thus contributing to cancer progression. Furthermore, SASP can attract cells of the immune system to the site of senescence and T cells, indeed, assume a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, supporting a delicate balance between immune response and promotion of tumor growth. Understanding these processes may provide new opportunities for the development of therapies that enhance the immune response against cancer and improve health in aging.
{"title":"La senescenza nel microambiente tumorale","authors":"Federica DE LUCA","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00206-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00206-2","url":null,"abstract":"Senescence is a complex biological process of gradual deterioration of cellular function over time in which cells stop dividing and have reduced functionality. In fact, senescent cells remain in a state of non-reactive cell cycle arrest although they preserve a metabolically active capacity of altering genetic and phenotypic characteristics as well as influencing the surrounding environment and adjacent cells. They are characterized by increased lysosomal activity and the acquisition of a bioactive secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP phenotype consists of a variety of molecules, including, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) chemokines, growth factors, angiogenic factors, proteases, extracellular matrix components, and metalloproteinases. The role of SASP in the tumor context is ambivalent because it seems that it protects cells from a pathological condition but also it contains a set of factors capable of inducing a neoplastic transformation. Cancer cells, in fact, can evade cell cycle control mechanisms, take advantage of senescence in order to survive and continue to proliferate, thus contributing to cancer progression. Furthermore, SASP can attract cells of the immune system to the site of senescence and T cells, indeed, assume a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment, supporting a delicate balance between immune response and promotion of tumor growth. Understanding these processes may provide new opportunities for the development of therapies that enhance the immune response against cancer and improve health in aging.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00205-0
Marco PRADELLA
{"title":"Nuovi standard europei per il Laboratorio Medico: quadro generale ed esami di genomica","authors":"Marco PRADELLA","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00205-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00205-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00201-3
Antonella CRAPOLICCHIO, Maria A. DISTASI, Angela CASAMASSIMA, Claudia GUERRA, Rosa BRUNO, Rosalba RUTA, Luigi CECI
BACKGROUND: Cytometric analysis of liquids can be performed in automation and microscopy. The aim of this work was to highlight when the instrumental and microscopic cellular evaluation of peritoneal fluid could be useful for the diagnosis and therapy.METHODS: The automated analysis was performed on an EDTA test tube sample, using the Body Fluid application of Yumizen 2500 (Horiba, Kyoto, Japan) which counted total leukocytes (BF-WBC), red blood cells (BF-RBC), polymorphonuclear cells (BF-PN) and mononuclear cells (BF-MN). The microscopic analysis was carried out on May-Grünwald Giemsa smears set up and was colored using Yumizen SPS, after centrifugation of the sample at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes.RESULTS: We selected four cases of leukocyte counts on peritoneal fluid. Case 1: 403 leukocytes/μL with 66% PN and 34% MN, under the microscope 52% PN and 48% MN of which 20% lymphocytes, 28% cells with nucleocytoplasmic ratio in favor of cytoplasm, probably of mesothelial origin. Case 2: 1017 leukocytes with 5% PN and 95% MN, under the microscope 3% PN and 97% MN of which 67% lymphocytes, 30% cells surrounded by lymphocytes. Case 3: 4129 leukocytes with 26% PN and 74% MN, under the microscope 1% PN and 99% MN, of which 9% lymphocytes and 90% voluminous mononuclear cells with nucleocytoplasmic ratio in favor of the nucleus, nucleolate, chromatin in large plates and basophilic and vacuolate cytoplasm. Case 4: 69 leukocytes differentiated into PN 4% and MN 96%, differential evaluation was not executable on microscopy due to the scarcity of the elements available.CONCLUSIONS: An algorithm was developed to standardize the diagnostic pathway on the peritoneal fluid: in the case of a cell count <100 we reported only the absolute value of the determined elements; for counts with elements ≥100 we reported the absolute value with the instrumental differentiation in PN and MN expressed in terms of percentage and note relating to the interference on MN of mononuclear elements of probable mesothelial origin; we performed the smear to confirm instrumental data and communicate microscopic evaluation to clinician. Case 4 showed how <100 cellular elements were too few for an effective microscopic evaluation. In our opinion a cut-off of 100 may be the most appropriate number to perform a differential cell evaluation useful to the diagnostic path; however, additional verification is necessary on a more significant number of cases. We also believe that this algorithm can be applied to other fluids except cerebral spinal fluid.
{"title":"Analisi citometrica del liquido peritoneale: esperienza su automazione e microscopia a confronto. Proposta di algoritmo diagnostico","authors":"Antonella CRAPOLICCHIO, Maria A. DISTASI, Angela CASAMASSIMA, Claudia GUERRA, Rosa BRUNO, Rosalba RUTA, Luigi CECI","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00201-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00201-3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Cytometric analysis of liquids can be performed in automation and microscopy. The aim of this work was to highlight when the instrumental and microscopic cellular evaluation of peritoneal fluid could be useful for the diagnosis and therapy.METHODS: The automated analysis was performed on an EDTA test tube sample, using the Body Fluid application of Yumizen 2500 (Horiba, Kyoto, Japan) which counted total leukocytes (BF-WBC), red blood cells (BF-RBC), polymorphonuclear cells (BF-PN) and mononuclear cells (BF-MN). The microscopic analysis was carried out on May-Grünwald Giemsa smears set up and was colored using Yumizen SPS, after centrifugation of the sample at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes.RESULTS: We selected four cases of leukocyte counts on peritoneal fluid. Case 1: 403 leukocytes/μL with 66% PN and 34% MN, under the microscope 52% PN and 48% MN of which 20% lymphocytes, 28% cells with nucleocytoplasmic ratio in favor of cytoplasm, probably of mesothelial origin. Case 2: 1017 leukocytes with 5% PN and 95% MN, under the microscope 3% PN and 97% MN of which 67% lymphocytes, 30% cells surrounded by lymphocytes. Case 3: 4129 leukocytes with 26% PN and 74% MN, under the microscope 1% PN and 99% MN, of which 9% lymphocytes and 90% voluminous mononuclear cells with nucleocytoplasmic ratio in favor of the nucleus, nucleolate, chromatin in large plates and basophilic and vacuolate cytoplasm. Case 4: 69 leukocytes differentiated into PN 4% and MN 96%, differential evaluation was not executable on microscopy due to the scarcity of the elements available.CONCLUSIONS: An algorithm was developed to standardize the diagnostic pathway on the peritoneal fluid: in the case of a cell count <100 we reported only the absolute value of the determined elements; for counts with elements ≥100 we reported the absolute value with the instrumental differentiation in PN and MN expressed in terms of percentage and note relating to the interference on MN of mononuclear elements of probable mesothelial origin; we performed the smear to confirm instrumental data and communicate microscopic evaluation to clinician. Case 4 showed how <100 cellular elements were too few for an effective microscopic evaluation. In our opinion a cut-off of 100 may be the most appropriate number to perform a differential cell evaluation useful to the diagnostic path; however, additional verification is necessary on a more significant number of cases. We also believe that this algorithm can be applied to other fluids except cerebral spinal fluid.","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00200-1
Michela TONEGATO, Maria P. PANOZZO
{"title":"Confronto tra diversi metodi immunologici per la ricerca degli anticorpi anti-cellule parietali gastriche","authors":"Michela TONEGATO, Maria P. PANOZZO","doi":"10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00200-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s1825-859x.23.00200-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.1007/s13631-018-00212-5
P. Cappelletti, Maria Golato
{"title":"Medicina di Laboratorio 4.0","authors":"P. Cappelletti, Maria Golato","doi":"10.1007/s13631-018-00212-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13631-018-00212-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35363,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio","volume":"14 1","pages":"192-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s13631-018-00212-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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