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Performance and Competitiveness of Latin American Cities: The Human Capital Case 拉丁美洲城市绩效与竞争力:人力资本案例
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1766979
Ivan Jileta
Abstract Besides the human capital, elements that make Latin American cities competitive include, for instance, their culture or financial maturity. However, the most important challenge for Latin American cities to succeed is how to manage all these variables. The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of human capital and its relationships and impacts on the performance of Latin American cities. This quantitative, non-experimental, explanatory, correlational, and cross-sectional study observes factors that increase city competitiveness and develop their relationships. The study is based on the Economist Intelligence Unit database of 2012, in which 120 cities were evaluated, particularly contrasting Latin American cities with the top cities in the world and their characteristics. Urban competitiveness in Latin American cities can be predicted partially on the presence of Human Capital. In some instances, we found positive relationships between human capital and the characteristics considered in a city’s performance.
除人力资本外,拉美城市具有竞争力的因素还包括文化或金融成熟度。然而,拉美城市要想取得成功,最重要的挑战是如何管理所有这些变量。本研究的目的是确定人力资本的贡献及其对拉丁美洲城市绩效的关系和影响。这项定量的、非实验性的、解释性的、相关性的、横断面的研究观察了提高城市竞争力和发展城市竞争力之间关系的因素。这项研究基于经济学人智库2012年的数据库,其中对120个城市进行了评估,特别将拉美城市与世界顶级城市及其特点进行了对比。拉丁美洲城市的竞争力可以部分地通过人力资本的存在来预测。在某些情况下,我们发现人力资本与城市绩效所考虑的特征之间存在正相关关系。
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引用次数: 6
Trajectory Dependence, Lock-In Effect, and Cluster Decline: A Case Study of the Footwear Cluster in Sinos-Paranhana Valley 轨迹依赖、锁定效应与产业集群衰退——以西诺斯-帕拉纳山谷鞋业集群为例
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1770607
V. K. Schmidt, Diego Alex Gazaro dos Santos, A. Zen, B. A. Bittencourt, F. Belussi
Abstract Within the cluster literature, few studies have analyzed the potential dangers of regional economic overspecialization. The lock-in effect is frequently mentioned to describe the decline of a cluster, but few studies have actually tested such arguments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of the lock-in effect on the evolutionary trajectory of the Vale dos Sinos-Paranhana footwear cluster. To this end, we conducted interviews with industries and representatives institutions, to analyze how productive and cognitive inertia, the absence of innovative startups and the static entrepreneurial model adopted by local agents limited the acquisition and recombination of new knowledge within the cluster, making it a rigid and uncompetitive structure.
摘要在集群文献中,很少有研究分析区域经济过度专业化的潜在危险。锁定效应经常被用来描述集群的衰落,但很少有研究真正检验过这种论点。本文的目的是分析锁定效应对Vale dos Sinos Paranhana鞋类集群进化轨迹的影响。为此,我们对行业和代表机构进行了采访,分析了生产力和认知惯性、创新创业公司的缺乏以及当地代理商采用的静态创业模式如何限制了集群内新知识的获取和重组,使其成为一个僵化且无竞争力的结构。
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引用次数: 6
Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Performance in the Nonprofit Sector 非营利部门的动态能力与组织绩效
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1768540
L. M. da Costa, V. Tondolo, Rosana da Rosa Portella Tondolo, A. Longaray, Julio Cesar Ferro de Guimarães
Abstract Dynamics capabilities (DCs) is a relevant approach for understanding performance in the for-profit environment. However, due to the lack of studies, we cannot say the same about the nonprofit environment. Based on this potential gap, this study validates a scale to measure the DCs in the context of the Nonprofit Sector and also verifies the relationship of DCs in the performance of these organizations. Data from a survey with 169 Brazilian nonprofit organizations were analyzed through the application of confirmatory factorial analysis. The results suggest that adaptive, absorptive, mobilizing, and innovative capabilities comprise the DCs of nonprofit organizations, and the performance of these organizations can be measured by the dimensions of control and growth mechanisms. In addition, DCs have a direct and significant effect on the performance of the studied organizations.
摘要动态能力(DCs)是一种理解营利性环境下绩效的相关方法。然而,由于缺乏研究,我们不能对非营利环境说同样的话。基于这一潜在差距,本研究验证了一个衡量非营利部门背景下的决策中心的量表,并验证了决策中心与这些组织绩效的关系。对169个巴西非营利组织的调查数据进行了验证性析因分析。研究结果表明,适应能力、吸收能力、动员能力和创新能力构成了非营利组织的发展能力,这些组织的绩效可以通过控制机制和成长机制的维度来衡量。此外,发展决策对研究组织的绩效有直接而显著的影响。
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引用次数: 5
Entrepreneurial Leadership in Indian and Mexican Graduate Students 印度和墨西哥研究生的创业领导力
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1761824
Eduardo R. Díaz
Abstract This study compared Entrepreneurship and Leadership Self-Efficacy scores with groups of graduate students in India and Mexico. The independent variable was the national culture of the participants, and the dependent variables were three Entrepreneurship and one Leadership dimension. The results suggest that female participants in India have higher levels of self-efficacy than their Mexican counterparts in the Developing New Product and Market Opportunities and Initiation Structure factors. No statistically significant differences were identified between the Indian and Mexican male groups. Future research should be aimed at better understanding female entrepreneurial leadership across cultures.
摘要本研究比较了印度和墨西哥研究生群体的创业和领导自我效能感得分。自变量为参与者的民族文化,因变量为三个企业家精神维度和一个领导力维度。结果表明,印度女性参与者在开发新产品和市场机会以及启动结构因素上的自我效能水平高于墨西哥女性参与者。在印度和墨西哥男性群体之间没有统计学上的显著差异。未来的研究应着眼于更好地理解跨文化的女性创业领导力。
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引用次数: 2
Nostalgia in Brazilian Mass Media Advertising: A Semiotic Perspective 巴西大众媒体广告中的怀旧:一个符号学的视角
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1749522
Luís Alexandre Grubits de Paula Pessôa, Alessandra de Sá Mello da Costa, Flávia Barroso de Mello, Marina Petrus Tannuri
Abstract This article seeks to (a) identify and problematize how the themes of history and nostalgia are used in the advertising discourse used—by the Brazilian mass media; and (b) explore the meanings awakened in consumers by the discourse in question. The data used was based on more than four hundred Brazilian magazine advertisements, from 2008 to 2016, and on the testimonials taken from consumers in 2016 using focus groups. The analyses identified five categories utilizing the theme of history: history as a signature; history as a commemoration; history as an opportunity; history as a focus; and history as a support. In the case of the consumers’ discourse, their comments were more focused on a consideration of the credibility of the advertisements and the longevity of the organizations in question that on any traces of nostalgia. It was also noted that the convergence between tradition and innovation (usually dichotomic concepts) was considered not problematic by the subjects. Finally, the theoretical perspective of French semiotics indicated how the body of advertisements and consumer testimonials could support a view of nostalgia as being a mythical discourse that constructs meaning based on the juxtaposition of tradition/innovation.
摘要:本文旨在(a)确定历史和怀旧的主题是如何在巴西大众媒体使用的广告话语中使用的,并提出问题;(b)探讨相关话语在消费者中唤醒的意义。所使用的数据基于400多份巴西杂志广告,从2008年到2016年,以及2016年通过焦点小组从消费者那里获得的推荐。分析确定了利用历史主题的五个类别:作为签名的历史;作为纪念的历史;作为机遇的历史;以历史为重点;还有历史作为支持。在消费者话语的情况下,他们的评论更多地集中在考虑广告的可信度和相关组织的寿命,而不是任何怀旧的痕迹。还有人指出,各专题认为传统与创新(通常是二分概念)之间的汇合没有问题。最后,法国符号学的理论视角表明,广告和消费者评价的主体如何支持怀旧作为一种神话话语的观点,这种话语基于传统/创新的并立而构建意义。
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引用次数: 1
The First Year of Mandatory Comply-or-Explain in Brazil 巴西强制性服从或解释的第一年
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1749844
Marina Dastre Manzanares, R. Leal
Abstract The law mandated Brazilian companies to comply or explain to a corporate governance code from 2018. This article analyzed 1,720 unique explanations of non-compliance for 43 recommended practices from 108 companies and developed a taxonomy of explanations and adherence quality indices. Most firms did not explain deviations properly, resorting frequently to generic and uninformative explanations. Firm size and performance were positively and ownership concentration and market risk negatively associated with adherence indices. State-owned companies displayed greater adherence. This evidence is robust to changes in index methodology that did not consider the quality of explanations and challenges the effectiveness of the comply-or-explain requirement.
该法律要求巴西公司从2018年起遵守或解释公司治理准则。本文分析了来自108家公司的43种推荐实践的1720种不同的不合规解释,并开发了解释和遵守质量指标的分类。大多数公司没有恰当地解释偏差,经常诉诸于泛泛的和缺乏信息的解释。企业规模和绩效与依循性指数呈显著正相关,股权集中度和市场风险与依循性指数呈显著负相关。国有企业表现出更强的依从性。这一证据对于没有考虑解释质量的指数方法的变化是强有力的,并挑战了“服从或解释”要求的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Trading Imbalance, Liquidity and Stock Returns: Evidence from Brazil 贸易失衡、流动性与股票收益:来自巴西的证据
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2019.1701482
Gustavo Pereira, Eduardo Camilo-da-Silva, C. Barbedo
Abstract The present study investigates empirically whether trading imbalances affect cross-sectional stock returns in the Brazilian market. This question is particularly important in emerging markets, where there is strong evidence that order flows of institutional investors are persistent. The main contribution of this study is to price the effect of intraday imbalances through a variable that we call TIP (Trading Imbalance Picture) in an asset pricing regression. The analysis is carried out considering variations for enhanced corporate governance listing segments, economic sectors, and risk factors. The results suggest that trading imbalance strongly predicts stock returns in the cross-section, even after accounting for risk factors, firm characteristics and other liquidity measures, and a daily difference of 1% in TIP among stocks translates into a difference in required return of 6.96% per year.
摘要本文对交易失衡是否影响巴西市场横截面股票收益进行实证研究。这个问题在新兴市场尤为重要,有强有力的证据表明,机构投资者的订单流持续存在。本研究的主要贡献是通过资产定价回归中我们称之为TIP(交易失衡图)的变量对日内失衡的影响进行定价。该分析考虑了公司治理增强、上市部门、经济部门和风险因素的变化。结果表明,即使在考虑了风险因素、公司特征和其他流动性指标后,交易不平衡在横截面上也能强烈预测股票的回报,股票之间TIP的日差异为1%,则意味着每年所需回报的差异为6.96%。
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引用次数: 3
Siloed Perceptions in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Risk Management: A Brazilian Perspective 药品供应链风险管理中的孤立观念:巴西视角
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1731315
Jéssica Silva, C. Araujo, Leonardo Marques
Abstract This article maps risk perception across the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) in Brazil. Our paper employs the method orders-of-magnitude analytic hierarchy process to rank risks as perceived by industry, distributors, hospitals and pharmacies. We show that players have a siloed perception of risk and impact of those risks. While upstream players emphasize cost, downstream players value service; moreover, both prioritize operational risks over strategic risks. We call for further studies in Latin America: although interest in risk is growing, few studies address the PSC and even fewer realities outside the Northern Hemisphere.
摘要本文绘制了巴西整个药品供应链(PSC)的风险感知图。本文采用数量级层次分析法对行业、分销商、医院和药店感知的风险进行排序。我们表明,玩家对风险和这些风险的影响有着孤立的认知。上游企业强调成本,下游企业重视服务;此外,两者都将运营风险置于战略风险之上。我们呼吁在拉丁美洲进行进一步的研究:尽管人们对风险的兴趣越来越大,但很少有研究涉及PSC,北半球以外的现实情况更少。
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引用次数: 6
The Stock Market Reaction to Mergers and Acquisitions: Evidence from the Banking Industry 股票市场对并购的反应:来自银行业的证据
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3545599
Juan M. Lozada, Lina M. Cortés, Daniel Velásquez-Gaviria
Abstract This paper focuses on the effect of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) announcements on the stocks of Latin American banks and their rivals between 2000 and 2019. We evaluate two impacts of M&A announcements: impacts on cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and impacts on event-induced variance (EIV). We use the GARCH-based event-study method, finding that acquirers and target banks have a statistically significant CAR and that their rivals and targets are not affected by M&A announcements. We observe that EIV is negative for acquirers, targets, and rivals. Finally, in a robustness exercise, we estimate a multivariate GARCH model, finding that the results remain qualitatively equal.
摘要本文主要研究2000年至2019年间拉美银行及其竞争对手的并购公告对其股票的影响。本文评估了并购公告对累积异常收益(CAR)和事件诱导方差(EIV)的影响。我们使用基于garch的事件研究方法,发现收购方和目标银行具有统计显著的CAR,其竞争对手和目标银行不受并购公告的影响。我们观察到EIV对收购者、目标和竞争对手都是负面的。最后,在稳健性练习中,我们估计了一个多变量GARCH模型,发现结果在质量上仍然相等。
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引用次数: 1
Twenty Years of Latin American Business Review: A Bibliometric Overview 拉丁美洲商业评论二十年:文献计量学综述
Q3 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2020-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/10978526.2020.1722683
Satish Kumar, Nitesh Pandey, Sweta Tomar
Abstract In 2018, Latin American Business Review (LABR) celebrated its 20th anniversary. On this occasion, to commemorate this event, this study provides a retrograde view of the journal using bibliometric analysis. The study analyses the citation and publication trends of the journal and its most productive authors, along with their affiliated institutions and countries. The findings indicate that LABR has shown steady growth in terms of publications as well as citations. Bibliographic coupling using VOSviewer resulted in the formation of six major clusters, which cover topics like corporate governance, foreign direct investment, firm performance, research and development, mergers and acquisitions, global franchises, customer perception, and loyalty.
摘要2018年,《拉丁美洲商业评论》(LABR)创刊20周年。值此之际,为了纪念这一事件,本研究采用文献计量分析法对该杂志进行了回顾。该研究分析了该杂志及其最具生产力的作者及其附属机构和国家的引文和出版趋势。研究结果表明,LABR在出版物和引用方面都显示出稳步增长。使用VOSviewer的书目耦合形成了六个主要集群,涵盖了公司治理、外国直接投资、公司绩效、研发、并购、全球特许经营、客户感知和忠诚度等主题。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Latin American Business Review
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