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Solving Fundamental and Applied Problems of Digital Image Processing at the Institute of Automation and Electrometry and Other Scientific Schools of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 解决俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院自动化和电子测量研究所及其他科学院的数字图像处理基础和应用问题
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040363
A. L. Reznik, A. A. Soloviev

Abstract

The most important results obtained in recent years by the research institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of development of mathematical methods and the construction of effective information and computing systems for solving fundamental and applied problems of digital image processing are presented. Examples are given of the development of specific high-performance software and hardware systems intended to effectively solve important theoretical and scientific-applied problems, the solutions to which is based on the use of advanced methods of digital image processing.

摘要 介绍了俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院各研究所近年来在开发数学方法和构建有效的信息与计算系统以解决数字图像处理的基础和应用问题方面取得的最重要成果。举例说明了为有效解决重要的理论和科学应用问题而开发的特定高性能软件和硬件系统,这些问题的解决是以使用先进的数字图像处理方法为基础的。
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引用次数: 0
The Physical Principles of the Construction of Systems for Safe Monitoring of the State of a Human Operator 构建人类操作员状态安全监控系统的物理原理
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040168
S. V. Gerus, V. V. Dementienko, V. I. Mirgorodskiy

Abstract

Based on an analysis of statistical data on railway and road traffic, as well as laboratory studies, mathematical models are developed that describe the “human–monitoring system–vehicle–traffic system” system. The issues of classifying operators according to their tendency to fall asleep and create emergency situations are explored. A statistical analysis of the accident rate of vehicle drivers was carried out based on their susceptibility to accidents. The degree of effectiveness and safety of monitoring systems is taken into account, as well as the influence of psychological factors caused by drivers excessive trust in the monitoring system. The risks associated with system malfunctions and insufficient efficiency of its operation are calculated. The use of an ineffective driver monitoring system does not reduce, but increases the likelihood of an accident. The design and principles of operation of a driver vigilance telemechanical control system (DVTCS) are described. The device is designed for continuous monitoring of the drivers vigilance and attentiveness while driving rolling stock. The work of DVTCS is based on scientific results according to which episodic changes in skin resistance reflect the level of alertness and wakefulness. It has been shown that due to more reliable, continuous, and nondistracting monitoring of the drivers physiological state the DVTCS provides a higher level of traffic safety than its “Safety Handle” counterpart. Statistical data from operational and laboratory data have been analyzed, indicating a high level of operational safety of the DVTCS. A comparison of Russian and international requirements for the safety level of DVTCS has been carried out. Methods for further improvement of the device are noted.

摘要 根据对铁路和公路交通统计数据的分析以及实验室研究,建立了描述 "人类-监控系统-车辆-交通系统 "系统的数学模型。探讨了根据操作员的睡着倾向和造成紧急情况的倾向对其进行分类的问题。根据车辆驾驶员的事故易发性,对其事故率进行了统计分析。考虑了监控系统的有效性和安全性,以及驾驶员过度信任监控系统所造成的心理因素的影响。对与系统故障和运行效率不足相关的风险进行了计算。使用无效的驾驶员监控系统不仅不会减少事故发生的可能性,反而会增加事故发生的可能性。本文介绍了驾驶员警戒远程机械控制系统(DVTCS)的设计和运行原理。该设备旨在持续监测司机在驾驶机车车辆时的警惕性和注意力。DVTCS 的工作基于科学成果,根据这些成果,皮肤电阻的偶发性变化反映了警觉性和清醒程度。事实证明,由于 DVTCS 对驾驶员生理状态的监测更加可靠、连续,而且不会分散驾驶员的注意力,因此与 "安全手柄 "相比,它能提供更高水平的交通安全。对运行数据和实验室数据进行了统计分析,结果表明 DVTCS 的运行安全性很高。对俄罗斯和国际上对 DVTCS 安全水平的要求进行了比较。还指出了进一步改进该装置的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Advances of the Scientific School of V.L. Arlazarov in Dataset Creation and Training Sample Synthesis for Solving Modern Computer Vision Problems 为解决现代计算机视觉问题创建数据集和合成训练样本的弗拉扎罗夫科学院的进展
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040107
Y. S. Chernyshova, A. V. Sheshkus, K. B. Bulatov, V. V. Arlazarov

Abstract

This paper considers a scientific school of synthesis of samples and creation of datasets, which is a part of the family of scientific schools associated with image processing and analysis, originating from the work of a team led by Prof. V.L. Arlazarov in the 1970s. As part of the work of the school, the researchers have obtained important fundamental and applied results as well as set new research tasks. Over the years of the school’s existence the scientific team has developed several algorithms and systems for the synthesis and augmentation of image samples. Moreover, they have created and published more than ten open annotated image datasets, including the unique MIDV dataset family that contains synthesized images of identity documents and is the first in the world to allow a full open comparison of recognition systems for such documents.

摘要 本文探讨了样本合成和数据集创建科学流派,该流派是与图像处理和分析相关的科学流派家族的一部分,源于 V.L. Arlazarov 教授领导的团队在 20 世纪 70 年代开展的工作。作为学院工作的一部分,研究人员取得了重要的基础和应用成果,并制定了新的研究任务。建校多年来,科研团队开发了多种用于合成和增强图像样本的算法和系统。此外,他们还创建并发布了十多个开放式注释图像数据集,其中包括独一无二的 MIDV 数据集系列,该数据集包含身份证件的合成图像,是世界上第一个可以对此类证件的识别系统进行全面开放式比较的数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral Methods in Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition Problems: Works of the Pushchino School 数据分析和模式识别问题中的光谱方法》:普希诺学派的作品
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040247
L. I. Kulikova, S. A. Makhortykh, A. N. Pankratov, S. D. Rykunov, M. N. Ustinin

Abstract

The work of the Pushchino school of pattern recognition and data analysis is presented. Basic information and theoretical research are provided, as well as a number of areas of application of the developed mathematical, information, and computer methods. The main focus is on work in the fields of biology, biophysics, biomedicine, bioinformatics, and image analysis and recognition.

摘要 介绍了普希金模式识别和数据分析学派的工作。介绍了基本信息和理论研究,以及所开发的数学、信息和计算机方法的多个应用领域。主要侧重于生物学、生物物理学、生物医学、生物信息学以及图像分析和识别领域的工作。
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引用次数: 0
Logic Separation: Discrete Modelling of Pattern Recognition 逻辑分离:模式识别的离散建模
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040077
L. Aslanyan

Abstract

Herein, a historical analytical survey of work of “Discrete Modelling of Pattern Recognition” (DM-Lab) research group in Armenia is presented. The group is since 1973, supervised by worldwide recognized scientist Yurii Ivanovich Zhuravlev and lead by his former student Levon Aslanyan. The general start of attention to computational mathematics and computational systems in Armenia is concerned with the times of cybernetics as a research direction, and the names of great scientists and policy makers, such as Andranik Iosifyan and Sergei Mergelyan. In early 1950’s a large number of HighTech and defense related organizations were established in area, and their theoretical, scientific cluster was formed around the Yerevan Research Institute of Mathematical Machines, and Computer Center of Academy of Sciences and Yerevan State University. This was the time for intensive stuff and student exchanges inside the larger country USSR. Rimma Podlovchenko, Rafik Tonoyan, Igor’ Zaslavski, Yuri Shoukourian started teaching at Yerevan State University in 70’s, a number of students were delegated to the recognized cybernetical centers, in Moscow, Kiev, Novosibirsk. And one of the results of these developments was appearance of DM-Lab in Armenia, composed by alumnus of Novosibirsk and Moscow State Universities, led by Levon Aslanyan, and supervised globally by RF Academician Yuri Ivanovich Zhuravlev. Further research and education activities lead to defenses of candidate and doctoral dissertations, in Armenia, and at the council of Computer Center of Academy of Sciences of Russian Federation. The initial stuff of DM-Lab group included Gevorg Tonoyan, Levon Asatryan, Vilik Karakhanyan. Local members of the group were Hasmik Sahakyan, Vladimir Sahakyan, Irina Arsenyan, Levon Kazaryan and large number of young PhD students. Research directions at the DM-Lab were and are related to the pattern recognition theory – to mathematical models of forming and analyzing learning sets, studying their properties such as the class compactness hypothesis, in terms of isoperimetry; to forming the logic of interrelations of classes, in terms of logic separation; setting up new approaches in data mining area, etc. All these studies involve intensive research over the years, addressing topics related to the geometry of n-dimensional unite cube and lattices in general, Boolean function minimization, discrete optimization problems, and algorithmic studies coming from data science and artificial intelligence. International relations and activities of the group includes: long term representation of Armenia in the ISO technical groups, representation of Armenia in ICT research programmes of European Council, membership at the ITHEA virtual research institute with its conferences and publishing house. 10’s of research projects were implemented during these years. Projects were funded by UNDP, NATO Research, INTAS, EC Esprit, IST and

摘要 本文介绍了亚美尼亚 "离散模式识别建模"(DM-Lab)研究小组工作的历史分析调查。该研究小组成立于 1973 年,由世界公认的科学家尤里-伊万诺维奇-茹拉夫列夫(Yurii Ivanovich Zhuravlev)指导,并由他以前的学生列翁-阿斯兰扬(Levon Aslanyan)领导。亚美尼亚对计算数学和计算系统的关注始于控制论作为研究方向的时代,以及安德拉尼克-约瑟菲扬和谢尔盖-梅尔盖良等伟大科学家和决策者的名字。20 世纪 50 年代初,该地区成立了大量高科技和国防相关机构,并围绕埃里温数学机械研究所、科学院计算机中心和埃里温国立大学形成了理论和科学集群。这一时期,在苏联这个大国内部进行了密集的人才和学生交流。里马-波德洛夫琴科(Rimma Podlovchenko)、拉菲克-托诺扬(Rafik Tonoyan)、伊戈尔-扎斯拉夫斯基(Igor' Zaslavski)、尤里-舒库里安(Yuri Shoukourian)于 70 年代开始在埃里温国立大学任教。这些发展的成果之一是在亚美尼亚成立了由新西伯利亚和莫斯科国立大学校友组成的DM-Lab,由列冯-阿斯兰扬领导,并由俄罗斯联邦院士尤里-伊万诺维奇-茹拉夫列夫进行全球监督。通过进一步的研究和教育活动,在亚美尼亚和俄罗斯联邦科学院计算机中心理事会进行了候选论文和博士论文答辩。DM-Lab 小组最初的成员包括 Gevorg Tonoyan、Levon Asatryan 和 Vilik Karakhanyan。哈斯米克-萨哈克扬、弗拉基米尔-萨哈克扬、伊琳娜-阿尔塞尼扬、列冯-卡扎扬和许多年轻的博士生也是该小组的成员。DM 实验室的研究方向过去和现在都与模式识别理论有关--形成和分析学习集的数学模型,研究它们的特性,如类的紧凑性假设,等运算;形成类之间相互关系的逻辑,逻辑分离;建立数据挖掘领域的新方法等。所有这些研究都涉及多年来的深入研究,涉及 n 维联合立方体和一般网格的几何、布尔函数最小化、离散优化问题以及数据科学和人工智能的算法研究等相关主题。该小组的国际关系和活动包括:长期代表亚美尼亚参加国际标准化组织的技术小组,代表亚美尼亚参加欧洲理事会的信息和通信技术研究计划,成为 ITHEA 虚拟研究所及其会议和出版社的成员。在这些年里,实施了 10 多个研究项目。这些项目得到了联合国开发计划署、北约研究、INTAS、欧洲委员会 Esprit、IST 和 Horizone、RFR 以及其他国际和地方来源的资助。小组成员通过了 16 篇候选论文和 2 篇博士论文答辩。
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引用次数: 0
Data Analysis and Interpretation: Methods of Computer-Aided Measuring Transducer Theory, Morphological Analysis, Possibility Theory, and Subjective Mathematical Modeling 数据分析与解释:计算机辅助测量传感器理论、形态分析、可能性理论和主观数学建模方法
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040351
Yu. P. Pyt’ev, A. I. Chulichkov, O. V. Falomkina, D. A. Balakin

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the fundamental research directions being pursued at the Faculty of Physics of Lomonosov Moscow State University under the guidance of Professor Yuri Petrovich Pyt’ev. These research directions can be categorized into three primary areas: methods of morphological analysis of images and signals, theory of computer-aided measuring systems, and methods related to the theory of possibilities and subjective mathematical modeling. The article elucidates the foundational ideas and concepts of these directions, contemplates alternative approaches to address similar challenges, and offers both model-based and application-driven examples utilizing the methods corresponding to these directions and their combinations.

摘要 本文概述了莫斯科国立罗蒙诺索夫大学物理系在尤里-彼得罗维奇-派特夫教授指导下开展的基础研究方向。这些研究方向可分为三个主要领域:图像和信号的形态分析方法、计算机辅助测量系统理论以及与可能性理论和主观数学建模有关的方法。文章阐明了这些方向的基本思想和概念,思考了应对类似挑战的替代方法,并提供了利用与这些方向相对应的方法及其组合的基于模型和应用驱动的示例。
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引用次数: 0
On the Work of the Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Field of Pattern Recognition Theory and Applications in the 20th Century 论俄罗斯科学院控制科学研究所 20 世纪在模式识别理论和应用领域的工作
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040284
A. S. Mandel, A. I. Mikhalsky

Abstract

Brief historical background on the establishment and activities of the Institute of Control Sciences (IPU RAS). The paper presents key findings of the Institute (obtained mainly in the 20th century) in the field of pattern recognition and of related analysis of complex data. It focuses on four areas of research including (a) the method of potential functions, (b) the theory of learning and self-learning systems, (c) the generalized portrait method and recovery of dependences based on empirical data, and (d) automatic classification methods and expert classification analysis. Relations between these areas are studied. The pioneers in the field are named (M.A. Aizerman, E.M. Braverman, L.I. Rozonoer, Ya.Z. Tsypkin, V.N. Vapnik, A.Ya. Chervonenkis, I.B. Muchnik, and A.A. Dorofeyuk among others) and brief biographical notes on the life and scientific work of these scientists are presented. The follow-ups of the results thus obtained are shown. The bibliography of publications by the Institute’s researchers in leading journals of Russia on pattern recognition problems and related complex data analysis tasks is provided.

摘要 简要介绍控制科学研究所(IPU RAS)的成立和活动的历史背景。本文介绍了研究所在模式识别和复杂数据相关分析领域的主要研究成果(主要是 20 世纪取得的成果)。它侧重于四个研究领域,包括 (a) 势函数方法,(b) 学习和自学系统理论,(c) 广义肖像方法和基于经验数据的依赖恢复,以及 (d) 自动分类方法和专家分类分析。对这些领域之间的关系进行了研究。该领域的先驱人物有(M.A. Aizerman、E.M. Braverman、L.I. Rozonoer、Ya.Z. Tsypkin、V.N. Vapnik、A.Ya.Chervonenkis, I.B. Muchnik 和 A.A. Dorofeyuk 等),并简要介绍了这些科学家的生平和科研工作。此外,还介绍了这些成果的后续情况。还提供了研究所研究人员在俄罗斯主要期刊上发表的有关模式识别问题和相关复杂数据分析任务的论文目录。
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引用次数: 0
Functional Tomography of Complex Systems Using Spectral Analysis of Multichannel Measurement Data 利用多通道测量数据的频谱分析对复杂系统进行功能断层扫描
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040491
M. N. Ustinin, A. I. Boyko, S. D. Rykunov

Abstract

A new method has been proposed for determining the structure of complex biological and physical systems from their electromagnetic fields. The method is based on spectral analysis of multichannel time series. Optimization of the Fourier transform is achieved by integrating long-term time series. Fine tuning to a given frequency is also possible to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. When analyzing a detailed multichannel spectrum, the signal is reconstructed at each frequency and the inverse problem is solved for the resulting field map. Using the model of one elementary source allows one to correctly solve the inverse problem by exhaustive search. The set of found elementary sources for all frequencies represents the functional structure of the complex system being studied. The method was verified on computer and physical models, after which it was successfully applied in various biological problems. The separation of the encephalogram into a signal from the brain and physiological noise was obtained.

摘要 提出了一种从电磁场确定复杂生物和物理系统结构的新方法。该方法基于多通道时间序列的频谱分析。通过对长期时间序列进行积分,实现了傅立叶变换的优化。还可以对给定频率进行微调,以提高信噪比。在分析详细的多通道频谱时,在每个频率重建信号,并对得到的场图求解逆问题。使用一个基本源的模型可以通过穷举搜索正确解决逆问题。找到的所有频率的基本源集合代表了所研究的复杂系统的功能结构。该方法已在计算机和物理模型上得到验证,并成功应用于各种生物问题。将脑电图分离为来自大脑的信号和生理噪声的结果已经获得。
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引用次数: 0
Reconstruction of the Electrical Structure of the Human Body Using Spectral Functional Tomography 利用频谱功能断层扫描重建人体电气结构
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040387
S. D. Rykunov, A. I. Boyko, M. N. Ustinin

Abstract

The functional tomography method, based on the spectral analysis of multichannel time series of long duration, has been used to study the distribution of electrical sources in the human body. The spontaneous activity of various organs and tissues has been studied. The spatial distribution and directions of elementary sources of alpha rhythm in the brain have been examined. Spontaneous brain activity has been studied in mental disorders. Using a cardiogram, the functional structure of the heart has been found, and using myography data, working skeletal muscles have been reconstructed. The spatial distribution of moving magnetic nanoparticles was also found. The coincidence of the results with the anatomical and physical structure of the complex systems being studied confirms the high promise of the proposed method in various fundamental and applied problems.

摘要 功能断层扫描方法基于对多通道长时序列的频谱分析,已被用于研究人体中的电子源分布。研究了各种器官和组织的自发活动。研究了大脑中阿尔法节律基本源的空间分布和方向。研究了精神障碍患者的大脑自发活动。利用心电图发现了心脏的功能结构,并利用肌电图数据重建了工作的骨骼肌。此外,还发现了移动磁性纳米粒子的空间分布。研究结果与所研究的复杂系统的解剖和物理结构相吻合,证实了所提出的方法在解决各种基础和应用问题方面大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific School of Academician V.A. Soifer in the Field of Processing, Analysis, and Recognition of Images and Optical Signals V.A. Soifer院士在图像和光学信号处理、分析和识别领域的科学学校
IF 1 Q3 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1134/s1054661823040193
N. Yu. Ilyasova, V. V. Sergeyev, N. S. Demin

Abstract

This article is the first in a series of publications dedicated to the leading scientific school of Academician V.A. Soifer in the field of processing, analysis, and recognition of images and optical signals. The article briefly describes the creation and development of the Samara scientific school of computer image processing. Examples of obtained fundamental results and solved applied problems are given. The most significant publications of the scientific school are listed and analyzed.

摘要 本文是专门介绍 V.A. Soifer 院士在图像和光学信号处理、分析和识别领域的主要科学院的系列出版物中的第一篇。文章简要介绍了萨马拉计算机图像处理科学学院的创建和发展。文章举例说明了已取得的基础成果和已解决的应用问题。文章列举并分析了该科学院最重要的出版物。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS
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