Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920192611605
E. Gülteki̇n, H. Çelik, L. Dülger, Halil İbrahim Sünbül, Harun Kani
Makine gorusu ve otomasyon teknolojilerindeki yeni gelismeler, uretim hattinin her asamasinda daha hassas bir surec kontrolu ve kalite denetimi saglamaktadir. Endustri 4.0 ve Goruntu Isleme teknikleri, son on yilda tekstil endustrisindeki bircok alanda kullanilmistir. Goruntu isleme teknikleri, tekstil endustrisinde, elyaf, iplik ve kumas ozelliklerinin gelismis dogruluk ve daha hizli sonuclarla otomatik olarak algilanmasinda da kullanilmistir. Bu calismada, iplik bobini ve kumas abraj kusurunun otomatik belirlenmesi icin bir makine gorme sistemi sunulmustur. Prototip sistem bilesenleri aciklanmistir. Gelistirilen goruntu isleme algoritmasi abraj hatasi iceren farkli bobin ve kumas orneklerine uygulanir. Olusturulan yapay gorme sisteminin basarisi burada tartisilmaktadir.
{"title":"Image Processing Applications on Yarn Characteristics and Fault Inspection","authors":"E. Gülteki̇n, H. Çelik, L. Dülger, Halil İbrahim Sünbül, Harun Kani","doi":"10.7216/1300759920192611605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920192611605","url":null,"abstract":"Makine gorusu ve otomasyon teknolojilerindeki yeni gelismeler, uretim hattinin her asamasinda daha hassas bir surec kontrolu ve kalite denetimi saglamaktadir. Endustri 4.0 ve Goruntu Isleme teknikleri, son on yilda tekstil endustrisindeki bircok alanda kullanilmistir. Goruntu isleme teknikleri, tekstil endustrisinde, elyaf, iplik ve kumas ozelliklerinin gelismis dogruluk ve daha hizli sonuclarla otomatik olarak algilanmasinda da kullanilmistir. Bu calismada, iplik bobini ve kumas abraj kusurunun otomatik belirlenmesi icin bir makine gorme sistemi sunulmustur. Prototip sistem bilesenleri aciklanmistir. Gelistirilen goruntu isleme algoritmasi abraj hatasi iceren farkli bobin ve kumas orneklerine uygulanir. Olusturulan yapay gorme sisteminin basarisi burada tartisilmaktadir.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"340-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89206375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920192611610
Deniz Baykuş, R. Oğulata
Tekstilde moda degismektedir, buna bagli olarak da musterilerin urunlerden bekledigi ozellikler de degismektedir. Yuksek elastikiyetli denim urun talebi artmaktadir. Elastan iceren denim urun ozelliklerini ve performansini etkileyen bircok faktor vardir. Bu calismada atki iplik numarasi, elastan numarasi, atki iplik kompozisyonu ve tarak numarasinin elastikiyet ve kalici uzama degerlerine etkisi incelenmistir. Pamuk/elastan, pamuk/T400/elastan, pamuk/PBT/elastan ve pamuk/Sustans/elastan karisimli atki iplikleri kullanilmistir. Elde edilen test sonuclari SPSS istatistik paket programi ile degerlendirilmistir. Parametreler arasi iliskilerin incelenmesi sonucunda yeni urun gelistirilirken gereksiz denemelerin onune gecilebilecek ve bu sayede deneme maliyetleri dusecektir. Istenen seviyelerde performansa daha kisa surelerde ulasilabilecektir dolayisi ile yeni urunler daha kisa surede uretilebilecektir
{"title":"Denim Kumaşlarda Özlü İplik Kullanımının Elastikiyet ve Kalıcı Uzama Özelliklerine Etkisi","authors":"Deniz Baykuş, R. Oğulata","doi":"10.7216/1300759920192611610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920192611610","url":null,"abstract":"Tekstilde moda degismektedir, buna bagli olarak da musterilerin urunlerden bekledigi ozellikler de degismektedir. Yuksek elastikiyetli denim urun talebi artmaktadir. Elastan iceren denim urun ozelliklerini ve performansini etkileyen bircok faktor vardir. Bu calismada atki iplik numarasi, elastan numarasi, atki iplik kompozisyonu ve tarak numarasinin elastikiyet ve kalici uzama degerlerine etkisi incelenmistir. Pamuk/elastan, pamuk/T400/elastan, pamuk/PBT/elastan ve pamuk/Sustans/elastan karisimli atki iplikleri kullanilmistir. Elde edilen test sonuclari SPSS istatistik paket programi ile degerlendirilmistir. Parametreler arasi iliskilerin incelenmesi sonucunda yeni urun gelistirilirken gereksiz denemelerin onune gecilebilecek ve bu sayede deneme maliyetleri dusecektir. Istenen seviyelerde performansa daha kisa surelerde ulasilabilecektir dolayisi ile yeni urunler daha kisa surede uretilebilecektir","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"372-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84617682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920192611603
E. Quispe, M. J. Rubio, D. Sacchero, M. Quispe
Bu arastirmanin amaci, saha testi kullanimi icin tasinabilir bir lif test (PFT) cihazi olusturmak ve ozelliklerini degerlendirmektir. Standart yun tops (SWT) numuneleri, sinirli sicaklik veya nem kontrolleri olmayan uc laboratuvarda PFT kullanilarak lif capinin degerlendirilmesinde kullanilmistir. Uc faktorlu dogrusal model en kucuk kareler ortalamasini elde etmek icin kullanilmistir ve varyans bilesenleri de belirlenmistir. Buna ek olarak, olcumde dogruluk ve hassasiyet de belirlenmistir. Dijital goruntu teknolojisini kullanan ve her numune icin lif capini 45 saniyede degerlendirebilen PFT, kompakt ve hafif olacak sekilde uretilmistir Sonuclar, tum laboratuvarlarda PFT ile olculen ortalama lif capinin IWTO tarafindan tanimlanan tolerans degerleri dahilinde yuksek bir hassasiyetle oldugunu gostermektedir. Onemli bir laboratuvar etkisi bulunmazken, laboratuvarlarin varyanslari dusuk kalmistir. PFT'nin farkli kosullarda calistirilabilen, yun elyaf capini olcmek icin yuksek hassasiyet ve olcum dogrulugunda bir alet oldugu sonucuna varilabilir.
{"title":"Interlaboratory Test Performance of a Portable Fiber Tester","authors":"E. Quispe, M. J. Rubio, D. Sacchero, M. Quispe","doi":"10.7216/1300759920192611603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920192611603","url":null,"abstract":"Bu arastirmanin amaci, saha testi kullanimi icin tasinabilir bir lif test (PFT) cihazi olusturmak ve ozelliklerini degerlendirmektir. Standart yun tops (SWT) numuneleri, sinirli sicaklik veya nem kontrolleri olmayan uc laboratuvarda PFT kullanilarak lif capinin degerlendirilmesinde kullanilmistir. Uc faktorlu dogrusal model en kucuk kareler ortalamasini elde etmek icin kullanilmistir ve varyans bilesenleri de belirlenmistir. Buna ek olarak, olcumde dogruluk ve hassasiyet de belirlenmistir. Dijital goruntu teknolojisini kullanan ve her numune icin lif capini 45 saniyede degerlendirebilen PFT, kompakt ve hafif olacak sekilde uretilmistir Sonuclar, tum laboratuvarlarda PFT ile olculen ortalama lif capinin IWTO tarafindan tanimlanan tolerans degerleri dahilinde yuksek bir hassasiyetle oldugunu gostermektedir. Onemli bir laboratuvar etkisi bulunmazken, laboratuvarlarin varyanslari dusuk kalmistir. PFT'nin farkli kosullarda calistirilabilen, yun elyaf capini olcmek icin yuksek hassasiyet ve olcum dogrulugunda bir alet oldugu sonucuna varilabilir.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"330-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920192611609
Burcu Sancar Beşen
The softening has enormous importance in the textile finishing process, and a great majority of the fabrics (white or colored) leave the textile mill by including softener agents. The macro and micro particle sized silicone softeners have been common usage within the softeners, recently. Though, generally the micro and macro silicone softeners use individually, their mixtures are sometimes suggested to use in some processes (such as wrinkle recovery). In view of that fact, in this study, it was investigated that how to effect of the mechanic and physical performances of the fabric samples when different ratios of the micro and macro silicone softeners are used. For this purpose, the application solutions including micro and macro silicone softeners at the different ratios were applied to the 50% cotton-50% polyester woven fabrics with padding method. After applications, the performance properties of the fabric samples were investigated through bending rigidity, stiffness, tearing strength, and breaking strength. Besides, the CIELab color values, as well as the whiteness values of the samples were also measured. The one-way variance analysis was carried out to the obtained results in order to research statistically the significance of the different ratios on the performance values.
{"title":"Farklı Karışım Oranlarına Sahip Mikro/Makro Silikon Yumuşatıcı Uygulamasının Kumaş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi","authors":"Burcu Sancar Beşen","doi":"10.7216/1300759920192611609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920192611609","url":null,"abstract":"The softening has enormous importance in the textile finishing process, and a great majority of the fabrics (white or colored) leave the textile mill by including softener agents. The macro and micro particle sized silicone softeners have been common usage within the softeners, recently. Though, generally the micro and macro silicone softeners use individually, their mixtures are sometimes suggested to use in some processes (such as wrinkle recovery). In view of that fact, in this study, it was investigated that how to effect of the mechanic and physical performances of the fabric samples when different ratios of the micro and macro silicone softeners are used. For this purpose, the application solutions including micro and macro silicone softeners at the different ratios were applied to the 50% cotton-50% polyester woven fabrics with padding method. After applications, the performance properties of the fabric samples were investigated through bending rigidity, stiffness, tearing strength, and breaking strength. Besides, the CIELab color values, as well as the whiteness values of the samples were also measured. The one-way variance analysis was carried out to the obtained results in order to research statistically the significance of the different ratios on the performance values.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"365-371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88767579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.7216/1300759920192611611
A. Kurbak, Sinem Öztürk
Bu calisma, daha once cam duz orme kumaslarin yuk-uzama ozellikleri uzerine yapilan bir calismanin devami niteligindedir. Daha onceki calismada cam duz ormek kumaslarin yuk-uzama ve yuk-enden daralma egrilerinin uc asamada gerceklestigi gosterilmistir. Bular; a) kumas uzamasi ve yandan daralmasi (1. asama), b) iplik uzamasi, incelmesi ve deney numunesinin sekil degistirmesi (2. asama) ve c) lif uzamasi ve incelmesidir (3. asama). Ayni calismada, 1. asamanin aciklanmasi icin teorik calisma yapilmis, yuk-uzama, yuk-yandan daralma egrileri icin basit formuller bulunmus ve Poisson oranlari hesaplanabilmistir. Teorik calismada ilmek basi uzamasi, ilk defa, dairesel elastik halkanin uzamasi problemi kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Bu formulasyon, duz orme kumaslarda deneysel sonuclara parabolik regresyon denklemleri yazilabildigi durumlarda surtunme kuvvetleri ile uzamaya sebep olan dis kuvvetlerin birbirinden ayristirilabilecegi seklinde bir metod gelistirilmesinin onunu acmistir. Onceki calismayi temel alan simdiki calismada, Cam ve Aramid teknik iplikleri kullanilarak bu sefer karmasik atki orme yapilari icin genis bir deneysel yuk-uzama ve yuk-yandan daralma egrilerinin 1. asamalari incelenmistir. Deney sonuclarinin regresyon denklemleri yazilmis, bazi sik Aramid orguleri haric genellikle parabolik regresyon denklemleri elde edilmistir. Elde edilen parabolik regresyon denklemleri daha onceki calis, aramid lifleri, mada duz orguler icin elde edilen denklemler esas alinarak, bahsi gecen calismada bulunan ‘surtunme ve ic kuvvetler ile dis kuvvetlerin ayristirilmasi metodu’ karmasik orguler icin de gecerli oldugu kabulu yapilarak yorumlanmis ve yuk-uzama ve yuk-yandan daralma egrileri ampirik formuller seklinde ifade edilmistir. Bu ampirik formuller kullanilarak yuk-uzama oranlari ve yuk-enden daralma oranlarinin hesaplanabildigi yeni bir metod gelistirilmis ve ayrintili olarak irdelenmistir. Bu yeni cikarilan ampirik formuller, tabi ki, ilgili muhendislik bilgisayar paket programlarinda kullanilabilir.
{"title":"Empirical Equations and Poisson’s Ratios for Initial Load-Extension Properties of Some Complex Glass and Aramid Technical Weft Knitted Structures","authors":"A. Kurbak, Sinem Öztürk","doi":"10.7216/1300759920192611611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7216/1300759920192611611","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calisma, daha once cam duz orme kumaslarin yuk-uzama ozellikleri uzerine yapilan bir calismanin devami niteligindedir. Daha onceki calismada cam duz ormek kumaslarin yuk-uzama ve yuk-enden daralma egrilerinin uc asamada gerceklestigi gosterilmistir. Bular; a) kumas uzamasi ve yandan daralmasi (1. asama), b) iplik uzamasi, incelmesi ve deney numunesinin sekil degistirmesi (2. asama) ve c) lif uzamasi ve incelmesidir (3. asama). Ayni calismada, 1. asamanin aciklanmasi icin teorik calisma yapilmis, yuk-uzama, yuk-yandan daralma egrileri icin basit formuller bulunmus ve Poisson oranlari hesaplanabilmistir. Teorik calismada ilmek basi uzamasi, ilk defa, dairesel elastik halkanin uzamasi problemi kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Bu formulasyon, duz orme kumaslarda deneysel sonuclara parabolik regresyon denklemleri yazilabildigi durumlarda surtunme kuvvetleri ile uzamaya sebep olan dis kuvvetlerin birbirinden ayristirilabilecegi seklinde bir metod gelistirilmesinin onunu acmistir. Onceki calismayi temel alan simdiki calismada, Cam ve Aramid teknik iplikleri kullanilarak bu sefer karmasik atki orme yapilari icin genis bir deneysel yuk-uzama ve yuk-yandan daralma egrilerinin 1. asamalari incelenmistir. Deney sonuclarinin regresyon denklemleri yazilmis, bazi sik Aramid orguleri haric genellikle parabolik regresyon denklemleri elde edilmistir. Elde edilen parabolik regresyon denklemleri daha onceki calis, aramid lifleri, mada duz orguler icin elde edilen denklemler esas alinarak, bahsi gecen calismada bulunan ‘surtunme ve ic kuvvetler ile dis kuvvetlerin ayristirilmasi metodu’ karmasik orguler icin de gecerli oldugu kabulu yapilarak yorumlanmis ve yuk-uzama ve yuk-yandan daralma egrileri ampirik formuller seklinde ifade edilmistir. Bu ampirik formuller kullanilarak yuk-uzama oranlari ve yuk-enden daralma oranlarinin hesaplanabildigi yeni bir metod gelistirilmis ve ayrintili olarak irdelenmistir. Bu yeni cikarilan ampirik formuller, tabi ki, ilgili muhendislik bilgisayar paket programlarinda kullanilabilir.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"381-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84114757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazumasa Hirogaki, T. Satake, T. Hirata, I. Tabata, T. Hori
The effects of hydrophilicity and charge of the fiber surface on the formation of closely packed colloidal crystals on the fiber was investigated. Surface-treated polyester fiber was dip-coated with water suspension of uniform-sized silica particles. Hexagonal and square arrangements were observed for the particles deposited on the fiber surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity of deposited particles was estimated with the number ratio of arranged particles to all particles in the SEM image. Colloidal crystal with mainly hexagonal arrangement was formed on the fiber with high wettability irradiated with oxygen plasma. The crystallinity was increased and the ratio of hexagonal arrangement in the crystalline region was decreased with increasing the wettability of the plasma treated fiber surface. Colloidal crystal with mainly square arrangement was formed on the fiber with cationic charge derived from the amino groups induced with a sol-gel method using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). Crystallinity was decreased and ratio of square arrangement in the crystalline region was decreased with increasing the amount of amino group accompanying with decreasing the wettability on the APS treated fiber surface.
{"title":"Effect of Surface Properties of Substrate on Structure of Closely Packed Colloidal Crystal Deposited on Fiber Surface through Dip-coating","authors":"Kazumasa Hirogaki, T. Satake, T. Hirata, I. Tabata, T. Hori","doi":"10.4188/jte.65.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/jte.65.85","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of hydrophilicity and charge of the fiber surface on the formation of closely packed colloidal crystals on the fiber was investigated. Surface-treated polyester fiber was dip-coated with water suspension of uniform-sized silica particles. Hexagonal and square arrangements were observed for the particles deposited on the fiber surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity of deposited particles was estimated with the number ratio of arranged particles to all particles in the SEM image. Colloidal crystal with mainly hexagonal arrangement was formed on the fiber with high wettability irradiated with oxygen plasma. The crystallinity was increased and the ratio of hexagonal arrangement in the crystalline region was decreased with increasing the wettability of the plasma treated fiber surface. Colloidal crystal with mainly square arrangement was formed on the fiber with cationic charge derived from the amino groups induced with a sol-gel method using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). Crystallinity was decreased and ratio of square arrangement in the crystalline region was decreased with increasing the amount of amino group accompanying with decreasing the wettability on the APS treated fiber surface.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78209118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Terada, M. Ichiki, Shogo Izawa, A. Yamanaka, Daisuke Shimamoto, Y. Hotta
Dispersion state of fibers in fiber reinforced composites is one of the important factors dominating mechanical properties of them. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the dispersion state via an image analysis. In order to express the dispersion state the degree of dispersion ( D ( n )) was employed. For the calculation of D ( n ), a sample image which both sides were 2 N pixel is prepared and divided by grids into segments. Herein, grid size can be 2 i ( i =3,4,…, N -1) pixel. After thresholding, the target area is extracted from the sample image and the area ratio in each segment is derived. The degree of dispersion is defined as coefficient of variation between the area ratios. This method was applied for two different cross-section images of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites (CFRP). One of them showed a marblelike structure and it was more inhomogeneous than another one. Derived D ( n ) reflects dispersion state of fibers in the sample images. D ( n ) of the marblelike sample image was higher than that of more homogenous one with all grid size. Moreover, relationship between D ( n ) and n showed size of aggregates in the sample images. Therefore D ( n ) will be a useful parameter to evaluate the dispersion state by the comparing sample images to a reference image.
纤维增强复合材料中纤维的分散状态是决定其力学性能的重要因素之一。在本研究中，我们试图通过图像分析来评估色散状态。为了表示色散状态，采用了色散度(D (n))。对于D (n)的计算，制备一个两侧为2n像素的样本图像，并将其网格划分为段。在这里，网格大小可以是2i (i =3,4，…，N -1)像素。阈值化后，从样本图像中提取目标区域，并求出每一段的面积比。分散程度被定义为面积比之间的变异系数。将该方法应用于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的两种不同截面图像。其中一颗显示出大理石状结构，比另一颗更不均匀。导出的D (n)反映了样品图像中纤维的色散状态。大理岩样图像的D (n)值在所有网格尺寸下均高于较均匀的图像。此外，D (n)与n之间的关系表明了样本图像中聚集体的大小。因此，D (n)将是通过比较样本图像和参考图像来评估色散状态的有用参数。
{"title":"Evaluation of Dispersion State of Fibers in Fiber Reinforced Composites by Image Analysis","authors":"M. Terada, M. Ichiki, Shogo Izawa, A. Yamanaka, Daisuke Shimamoto, Y. Hotta","doi":"10.4188/jte.65.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/jte.65.79","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersion state of fibers in fiber reinforced composites is one of the important factors dominating mechanical properties of them. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the dispersion state via an image analysis. In order to express the dispersion state the degree of dispersion ( D ( n )) was employed. For the calculation of D ( n ), a sample image which both sides were 2 N pixel is prepared and divided by grids into segments. Herein, grid size can be 2 i ( i =3,4,…, N -1) pixel. After thresholding, the target area is extracted from the sample image and the area ratio in each segment is derived. The degree of dispersion is defined as coefficient of variation between the area ratios. This method was applied for two different cross-section images of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites (CFRP). One of them showed a marblelike structure and it was more inhomogeneous than another one. Derived D ( n ) reflects dispersion state of fibers in the sample images. D ( n ) of the marblelike sample image was higher than that of more homogenous one with all grid size. Moreover, relationship between D ( n ) and n showed size of aggregates in the sample images. Therefore D ( n ) will be a useful parameter to evaluate the dispersion state by the comparing sample images to a reference image.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79303265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrospun fine fibers have widely attracted attention because of unique physical properties due to their microscopic structures. Sensitive handling is, however, required for fragile fine-fiber sheets. Productivity and related costs are also an issue to be solved. We thus developed a novel process of direct electrospinning, which deposits fine fibers directly on a target. To control the process adequately, fundamental understanding is desired for polymer jet dynamics. In a general electrospinning process, an electrified polymer jet initially forms a stable straight line and is then followed by unstable whipping motions. Theoretically there exist two different approaches to model the straight and the whipping motions, but the consistency of their results has not been well confirmed. We therefore performed consistent simulations for the straight and the whipping motion and obtained a reasonable result by applying a practical external electric field and aerodynamic effects. The simulation was applied to typical conditions of the direct electrospinning process. A fine-fiber film fabricated by the process provides stress-free feeling through unique properties of adhesion and compliance to skin deformation.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of a Polymer Jet in the Electrospinning Process","authors":"Takeshi Narushima, Takehiko Tojo","doi":"10.4188/jte.65.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/jte.65.91","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun fine fibers have widely attracted attention because of unique physical properties due to their microscopic structures. Sensitive handling is, however, required for fragile fine-fiber sheets. Productivity and related costs are also an issue to be solved. We thus developed a novel process of direct electrospinning, which deposits fine fibers directly on a target. To control the process adequately, fundamental understanding is desired for polymer jet dynamics. In a general electrospinning process, an electrified polymer jet initially forms a stable straight line and is then followed by unstable whipping motions. Theoretically there exist two different approaches to model the straight and the whipping motions, but the consistency of their results has not been well confirmed. We therefore performed consistent simulations for the straight and the whipping motion and obtained a reasonable result by applying a practical external electric field and aerodynamic effects. The simulation was applied to typical conditions of the direct electrospinning process. A fine-fiber film fabricated by the process provides stress-free feeling through unique properties of adhesion and compliance to skin deformation.","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90725662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Oxidation and Copigmentation of Anthocyanins from Purple Sweet Potato to Silk Colouration","authors":"T. Matsubara, Hinata Inoue, A. Satoh","doi":"10.4188/jte.65.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/jte.65.73","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35429,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Textile Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84635420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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