{"title":"Should Esports Be a Co-Curricular Activity in School?","authors":"Hok-Lai Shum, Chin-Hei Lee, J. Cheung","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46400398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advocating for Racial, Language, and Gender Equity in the Hiring of School Social Workers: A Call to Action","authors":"Annette H Johnson, Cassandra L. McKay-Jackson","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44223935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daphne Kopelman-Rubin, A. Siegel, Noa Weiss, Inna Kats-Gold
This study explores the relationship between emotion regulation and psychosocial difficulties among adolescents with a specific learning disorder (SLD) and examines the role of the sense of school belonging in this connection. Participants were 249 seventh- and eighth-grade students diagnosed with SLD (146 boys, 103 girls) from 11 urban public schools. The analysis indicated that the total effect of students’ emotion regulation on the degree of psychosocial difficulties was significant: the better the students’ ability to regulate emotions, the lower their degree of psychosocial difficulties. This association was significantly mediated by a student’s sense of school belonging. Furthermore, the better the student’s ability to regulate emotions, the higher their sense of school belonging, which was in turn linked with fewer psychosocial difficulties. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and applied implications of the findings.
{"title":"The Relationship between Emotion Regulation, School Belonging, and Psychosocial Difficulties among Adolescents with Specific Learning Disorder","authors":"Daphne Kopelman-Rubin, A. Siegel, Noa Weiss, Inna Kats-Gold","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study explores the relationship between emotion regulation and psychosocial difficulties among adolescents with a specific learning disorder (SLD) and examines the role of the sense of school belonging in this connection. Participants were 249 seventh- and eighth-grade students diagnosed with SLD (146 boys, 103 girls) from 11 urban public schools. The analysis indicated that the total effect of students’ emotion regulation on the degree of psychosocial difficulties was significant: the better the students’ ability to regulate emotions, the lower their degree of psychosocial difficulties. This association was significantly mediated by a student’s sense of school belonging. Furthermore, the better the student’s ability to regulate emotions, the higher their sense of school belonging, which was in turn linked with fewer psychosocial difficulties. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and applied implications of the findings.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43064263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic poverty and stressful life circumstances result in poor school performance and behaviors. Research demonstrates that these behaviors are not the result of student inadequacies and lack of proper discipline, but are rather of neurological adaptations to chronic poverty and toxic stress. These outcomes are driven by the body’s attempt to protect itself even as the behaviors appear to be choices the student is making in a rational world. Neurobiologically, students adapt to these challenges by becoming both hypersensitive and self-protective. As a result, students are mistrustful and on alert beyond what is usual as a way of protecting themselves, consciously or unconsciously. Mindfulness programs provide important tools for shifting these challenges in the classroom by supporting feelings of safety and opportunities for growth and change in student learning and behaviors. Demonstrating the actual practice of mindfulness is not our intent given that there are many ways of using and learning mindfulness in the classroom. Rather, the focus is on the neurological outcomes of stressful lives, the neurological impact of mindfulness training, and providing resources for addressing student negative experiences and behaviors in schools.
{"title":"Neuroscience-Based Mindfulness Social Work Practice in Schools","authors":"Robert G. Blundo, Tamara Savage","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Chronic poverty and stressful life circumstances result in poor school performance and behaviors. Research demonstrates that these behaviors are not the result of student inadequacies and lack of proper discipline, but are rather of neurological adaptations to chronic poverty and toxic stress. These outcomes are driven by the body’s attempt to protect itself even as the behaviors appear to be choices the student is making in a rational world. Neurobiologically, students adapt to these challenges by becoming both hypersensitive and self-protective. As a result, students are mistrustful and on alert beyond what is usual as a way of protecting themselves, consciously or unconsciously. Mindfulness programs provide important tools for shifting these challenges in the classroom by supporting feelings of safety and opportunities for growth and change in student learning and behaviors. Demonstrating the actual practice of mindfulness is not our intent given that there are many ways of using and learning mindfulness in the classroom. Rather, the focus is on the neurological outcomes of stressful lives, the neurological impact of mindfulness training, and providing resources for addressing student negative experiences and behaviors in schools.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"School Resource Officers and Black Lives Matter Protests: It’s Time for School Social Work to Take a Stand","authors":"Leticia Villarreal Sosa","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48299230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Candra Skrzypek, Erin W. Bascug, Anna L. Ball, Wooksoo Kim, D. Elze
Restorative practices (RPs) are promising nonpunitive approaches to discipline in schools, yet researchers often overlook students’ perspectives. The current study used a mixed-methods approach to explore RP Circle experiences of urban, low-income, and predominantly Black middle school students with attention to the diversity of their experiences by grade level, race, and gender. Quantitative results indicated that younger students reported learning about their behavior by participating in RP Circles. In general, boys felt that Circles supported their nonviolent problem-solving skills more than girls did. Black girls were significantly less likely to endorse the effectiveness of RP Circles to help them solve problems without violence and help them learn about their behavior in comparison with girls of other racial or ethnic backgrounds. Qualitative findings highlighted the benefits of RP Circles in promoting communication, expressing thoughts and feelings, pers pective taking, and opportunity for learning. The study highlights the importance of approaching RP from an intersectional lens and integrating youths’ perspectives into programming.
{"title":"In Their Own Words: Student Perceptions of Restorative Practices","authors":"Candra Skrzypek, Erin W. Bascug, Anna L. Ball, Wooksoo Kim, D. Elze","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Restorative practices (RPs) are promising nonpunitive approaches to discipline in schools, yet researchers often overlook students’ perspectives. The current study used a mixed-methods approach to explore RP Circle experiences of urban, low-income, and predominantly Black middle school students with attention to the diversity of their experiences by grade level, race, and gender. Quantitative results indicated that younger students reported learning about their behavior by participating in RP Circles. In general, boys felt that Circles supported their nonviolent problem-solving skills more than girls did. Black girls were significantly less likely to endorse the effectiveness of RP Circles to help them solve problems without violence and help them learn about their behavior in comparison with girls of other racial or ethnic backgrounds. Qualitative findings highlighted the benefits of RP Circles in promoting communication, expressing thoughts and feelings, pers pective taking, and opportunity for learning. The study highlights the importance of approaching RP from an intersectional lens and integrating youths’ perspectives into programming.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46553935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Educational disparities and disproportionalities for oppressed children signal the need for an educational justice movement that focuses on macro-level changes within and outside of the educational system. School social workers are uniquely trained to engage in activities that promote educational justice, yet most school social workers focus on micro-level practice with individuals. Drawing on Teasley’s practice recommendations to improve educational outcomes for African American urban youths, this study examined the extent to which school social workers engage in macro-level practice strategies that promote educational justice. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 112 school social workers. Results indicated that most participants reported little engagement in macro-level practice in support of educational justice, most notably in relation to leadership and public policy advocacy and school choice. Social workers reported the most engagement in areas associated with typical practice, such as family engagement and schoolwide needs assessment. Implications for school social work training, practice, and future research are discussed.
{"title":"School Social Work and the Educational Justice Movement: A Snapshot of Practice","authors":"Anna L. Ball, Candra Skrzypek","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Educational disparities and disproportionalities for oppressed children signal the need for an educational justice movement that focuses on macro-level changes within and outside of the educational system. School social workers are uniquely trained to engage in activities that promote educational justice, yet most school social workers focus on micro-level practice with individuals. Drawing on Teasley’s practice recommendations to improve educational outcomes for African American urban youths, this study examined the extent to which school social workers engage in macro-level practice strategies that promote educational justice. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 112 school social workers. Results indicated that most participants reported little engagement in macro-level practice in support of educational justice, most notably in relation to leadership and public policy advocacy and school choice. Social workers reported the most engagement in areas associated with typical practice, such as family engagement and schoolwide needs assessment. Implications for school social work training, practice, and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43398271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the United States, school shootings have become an increasingly prevalent and publicly salient social problem. School social workers play a central role in developing understanding of their etiology and intervening to prevent their further occurrence. Even though nearly all school shootings are committed by white students, no etiological theory has contemplated the possibility that whiteness contributes in any meaningful way to the perpetration of school shootings. Popular theories suggest that gun availability, mental illness, and bullying bear some relationship to school shootings; however, levels of gun availability, mental illness prevalence, and bullying victimization do not differ substantially between whites and non-whites, indicating that these factors might account for school shootings within, but not between, races. The present article takes up the task of beginning to theorize the relationship between whiteness and school shootings, exploring the likelihood that whiteness acts as a moderator, leading whites, but not non-whites, to commit school shootings in response to similar antecedents. This novel theorization provides an opening for school social workers to more critically interrogate whiteness not as an individual trait, but as a structural phenomenon that influences not only the etiology of school shootings, but schools and educational processes more broadly.
{"title":"Whiteness and School Shootings: Theorization toward a More Critical School Social Work","authors":"Joshua R. Gregory","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the United States, school shootings have become an increasingly prevalent and publicly salient social problem. School social workers play a central role in developing understanding of their etiology and intervening to prevent their further occurrence. Even though nearly all school shootings are committed by white students, no etiological theory has contemplated the possibility that whiteness contributes in any meaningful way to the perpetration of school shootings. Popular theories suggest that gun availability, mental illness, and bullying bear some relationship to school shootings; however, levels of gun availability, mental illness prevalence, and bullying victimization do not differ substantially between whites and non-whites, indicating that these factors might account for school shootings within, but not between, races. The present article takes up the task of beginning to theorize the relationship between whiteness and school shootings, exploring the likelihood that whiteness acts as a moderator, leading whites, but not non-whites, to commit school shootings in response to similar antecedents. This novel theorization provides an opening for school social workers to more critically interrogate whiteness not as an individual trait, but as a structural phenomenon that influences not only the etiology of school shootings, but schools and educational processes more broadly.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41836361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disciplinary policies in schools throughout the United States disproportionately affect students of color through exclusionary policies. A punitive approach can have detrimental effects on a population that also experiences higher rates of trauma. This article identifies school disciplinary practices that may retraumatize and criminalize youths and suggests replacing exclusionary discipline practices with trauma-informed ones that prioritize social–emotional support to students. Critical race theory (CRT) is an appropriate theoretical framework to guide the development of trauma-informed schools. Suggestions are provided for school social workers as key change agents in the issue of school discipline. The integration of CRT and trauma-informed practice is emphasized, as both are essential tools for dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline.
{"title":"Dismantling the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Trauma-Informed, Critical Race Perspective on School Discipline","authors":"Stacey Dutil","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Disciplinary policies in schools throughout the United States disproportionately affect students of color through exclusionary policies. A punitive approach can have detrimental effects on a population that also experiences higher rates of trauma. This article identifies school disciplinary practices that may retraumatize and criminalize youths and suggests replacing exclusionary discipline practices with trauma-informed ones that prioritize social–emotional support to students. Critical race theory (CRT) is an appropriate theoretical framework to guide the development of trauma-informed schools. Suggestions are provided for school social workers as key change agents in the issue of school discipline. The integration of CRT and trauma-informed practice is emphasized, as both are essential tools for dismantling the school-to-prison pipeline.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48925474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Joseph, S. Wilcox, Rebecca J. Hnilica, M. Hansen
Given the unique forms of trauma that some Black and Brown youths are exposed to, and the salience of race and racial bias in discipline decision making, this article proposes that discipline interventions should be both race centered and trauma informed. Using critical race theory (CRT), trauma-informed practice literature, and restorative practice philosophies, this article presents a framework that highlights how schools can incorporate racial equity into mental health practices and discipline decision making with students. Namely, CRT tenets such as the centrality of race and racism, challenging the dominant perspective, valuing experiential knowledge, and the commitment to social justice guide authors’ recommendations on discipline decision making. Using an interprofessional perspective, this framework delineates how school social workers, school psychologists, and school counselors can support their schools to integrate interprofessional, trauma-informed, and race-centered practices into a behavioral intervention. Ultimately, this article provides interpersonal, practice, and structural recommendations that can help practitioners engage in equitable discipline decision making.
{"title":"Keeping Race at the Center of School Discipline Practices and Trauma-Informed Care: An Interprofessional Framework","authors":"Andrea Joseph, S. Wilcox, Rebecca J. Hnilica, M. Hansen","doi":"10.1093/cs/cdaa013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdaa013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Given the unique forms of trauma that some Black and Brown youths are exposed to, and the salience of race and racial bias in discipline decision making, this article proposes that discipline interventions should be both race centered and trauma informed. Using critical race theory (CRT), trauma-informed practice literature, and restorative practice philosophies, this article presents a framework that highlights how schools can incorporate racial equity into mental health practices and discipline decision making with students. Namely, CRT tenets such as the centrality of race and racism, challenging the dominant perspective, valuing experiential knowledge, and the commitment to social justice guide authors’ recommendations on discipline decision making. Using an interprofessional perspective, this framework delineates how school social workers, school psychologists, and school counselors can support their schools to integrate interprofessional, trauma-informed, and race-centered practices into a behavioral intervention. Ultimately, this article provides interpersonal, practice, and structural recommendations that can help practitioners engage in equitable discipline decision making.","PeriodicalId":35453,"journal":{"name":"Children & Schools","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/cs/cdaa013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47540478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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