Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130755
Shanthi Prabha, S. Sivakumar, D. Murugananthi, A. J. Joel
Coffee, a predominant plantation crop is a highly traded commodity and mostly consumed as a hot beverage. India stands seventh among the world coffee producing countries. Consumption is higher in south India. India grows Arabica and Robusta coffee. Consumption of coffee in India increased at 2 percent per annum till 2020 and after that there was 5 per cent growth rate (ShrutiArun, 2020). The present study was proposed with the objective of studying the trend in area, production, yield of Arabica and Robusta coffee in India and Tamil Nadu and predicting the same. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Analysis was used to find the trend in area, production and yield of coffee. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used for forecasting the area and production of Arabica and Robusta in India till 2025. Area, production, yield of Arabica and Robusta coffee in India showed a positive trend. A negative trend was observed in productivity of Arabica coffee in India. Whereas in Tamil Nadu, area of Arabica and Robusta coffee showed positive trend, a negative trend was seen in production and productivity of Arabica and Robusta. ARIMA (1, 1, 1) for Arabica and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) found to provide best fit for predicting the area and production of Robusta coffee in India.
{"title":"Trend in Area, Production and Yield of Coffee in India","authors":"Shanthi Prabha, S. Sivakumar, D. Murugananthi, A. J. Joel","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130755","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee, a predominant plantation crop is a highly traded commodity and mostly consumed as a hot beverage. India stands seventh among the world coffee producing countries. Consumption is higher in south India. India grows Arabica and Robusta coffee. Consumption of coffee in India increased at 2 percent per annum till 2020 and after that there was 5 per cent growth rate (ShrutiArun, 2020). The present study was proposed with the objective of studying the trend in area, production, yield of Arabica and Robusta coffee in India and Tamil Nadu and predicting the same. Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) Analysis was used to find the trend in area, production and yield of coffee. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used for forecasting the area and production of Arabica and Robusta in India till 2025. Area, production, yield of Arabica and Robusta coffee in India showed a positive trend. A negative trend was observed in productivity of Arabica coffee in India. Whereas in Tamil Nadu, area of Arabica and Robusta coffee showed positive trend, a negative trend was seen in production and productivity of Arabica and Robusta. ARIMA (1, 1, 1) for Arabica and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) found to provide best fit for predicting the area and production of Robusta coffee in India.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121582534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130754
R. Gayathri, K. Karunakaran, A. Vidhyavathi, G. Dheebakaran
Cropping Pattern is a complicated process that is influenced by a variety of socioeconomic, agro-climatic, and ecological factors. Even though India has the second-largest manpower in the world, all sectors of the economy have been affected by the scarcity of labour, the impact being felt more in the agricultural sector. The acute scarcity of agricultural labourers in the India has resulted in crop establishment delays, poor crop growth, no or late weeding, inappropriate fertilizer use, insufficient irrigation water, and other factors that have pushed Indian farmers to switching from farming to non-farm occupations. The present study was undertaken to analyze the dynamics of cropping patterns in the state, Tamil Nadu. Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts were selected purposively to represent the high and low crop diversity cropping system respectively. The study was based on both primary and secondary data for the period of 10 years from 2010-11 to 2019-20 to analyze the decadal change. Tabular Analysis, Compound Growth Rate and Markov chain analysis were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that there are marginal changes in cropping pattern, increases towards the commercial crops such as sugarcane, tapioca, cotton and banana. The total fallow land share has increased continuously leaving a lesser area for cropping. The reported dynamics change the agricultural productivity and increased mechanization, which might be due to growth in the labour scarcity. The results showed that farmers were shifting from high labour intensive crops such as paddy, sugarcane, cotton to low labor-intensive crops such as groundnut, black gram over the years. Due to the higher requirement of laborers for cultivating crops, crop retention probability was lesser which means the crops have become less and less stable. It is therefore recommended that the district, state, and country's agricultural extension systems must be geared up to curbing the shifting farmers away from traditional farming practices and educate them on the use of available labor-saving equipment and technology.
{"title":"Consequences of Agricultural Labour Scarcity on Cropping Pattern Dynamics in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Gayathri, K. Karunakaran, A. Vidhyavathi, G. Dheebakaran","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130754","url":null,"abstract":"Cropping Pattern is a complicated process that is influenced by a variety of socioeconomic, agro-climatic, and ecological factors. Even though India has the second-largest manpower in the world, all sectors of the economy have been affected by the scarcity of labour, the impact being felt more in the agricultural sector. The acute scarcity of agricultural labourers in the India has resulted in crop establishment delays, poor crop growth, no or late weeding, inappropriate fertilizer use, insufficient irrigation water, and other factors that have pushed Indian farmers to switching from farming to non-farm occupations. The present study was undertaken to analyze the dynamics of cropping patterns in the state, Tamil Nadu. Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts were selected purposively to represent the high and low crop diversity cropping system respectively. The study was based on both primary and secondary data for the period of 10 years from 2010-11 to 2019-20 to analyze the decadal change. Tabular Analysis, Compound Growth Rate and Markov chain analysis were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that there are marginal changes in cropping pattern, increases towards the commercial crops such as sugarcane, tapioca, cotton and banana. The total fallow land share has increased continuously leaving a lesser area for cropping. The reported dynamics change the agricultural productivity and increased mechanization, which might be due to growth in the labour scarcity. The results showed that farmers were shifting from high labour intensive crops such as paddy, sugarcane, cotton to low labor-intensive crops such as groundnut, black gram over the years. Due to the higher requirement of laborers for cultivating crops, crop retention probability was lesser which means the crops have become less and less stable. It is therefore recommended that the district, state, and country's agricultural extension systems must be geared up to curbing the shifting farmers away from traditional farming practices and educate them on the use of available labor-saving equipment and technology.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129427222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130753
S. Adityan, T. Dhamodharan, R. Rajasekaran, R. Selvi
Grape (Vitis grape L.) could be a temperate fruit crop and conjointly cultivated beneath tropical and climatic zone regions within the world. This study on improved grape knowledge and adoption of recommended grape practices among farmers was conducted in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu by employing a combination of purposive and proportionate random sampling methods with 120 grape growers. The data were collected with the help of a well-structured and pretested interview schedule during July to August 2020-21. The district contributes significantly to the state's area of production in grapes. The area of cultivation of grapes to the state is substantial (79.80%). In the study it was concluded that cent percent of the grape growers had correct knowledge about soil type, planting, gap-filling, recut, supporting, weeding, irrigation type, training, pruning time, bud dormancy breaking chemical, micronutrient mixtures, fertigation, shoot thinning, subcane development, training the shoots, tipping, cluster and berry thinning, mealybug control, and downy mildew control. About 60.83 per cent of the grape growers belonged to medium level of knowledge about recommended practices of grape cultivation. The results showed overall adoption of the grape growers wasmedium level of adoption (71.67%). This study explores the keen view of the advancement in knowledge and adoption followed by grape cultivators in Theni District.
{"title":"Advancement in Knowledge and Adoption of Grape Growing Farmers in Theni District of Tamilnadu","authors":"S. Adityan, T. Dhamodharan, R. Rajasekaran, R. Selvi","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130753","url":null,"abstract":"Grape (Vitis grape L.) could be a temperate fruit crop and conjointly cultivated beneath tropical and climatic zone regions within the world. This study on improved grape knowledge and adoption of recommended grape practices among farmers was conducted in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu by employing a combination of purposive and proportionate random sampling methods with 120 grape growers. The data were collected with the help of a well-structured and pretested interview schedule during July to August 2020-21. The district contributes significantly to the state's area of production in grapes. The area of cultivation of grapes to the state is substantial (79.80%). In the study it was concluded that cent percent of the grape growers had correct knowledge about soil type, planting, gap-filling, recut, supporting, weeding, irrigation type, training, pruning time, bud dormancy breaking chemical, micronutrient mixtures, fertigation, shoot thinning, subcane development, training the shoots, tipping, cluster and berry thinning, mealybug control, and downy mildew control. About 60.83 per cent of the grape growers belonged to medium level of knowledge about recommended practices of grape cultivation. The results showed overall adoption of the grape growers wasmedium level of adoption (71.67%). This study explores the keen view of the advancement in knowledge and adoption followed by grape cultivators in Theni District.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114385974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130746
.. Sulekha, K. Yadav, D. Gupta, P. Nath, A. K. Rajbhar, Sudershan Mehta
Study was conducted to know the opinion and expectations of beneficiaries towards training programmes of KVKs in Haryana. Agro climatically Haryana is divided into two zones i.e., western and eastern zone. Based on the year of establishment, four KVKs two each funded by ICAR from western and eastern zone of Haryana, functioning for the last five years and where maximum number of rural women participated in their training programmes were selected. These KVKs were Bhiwani and Fatehabad from western zone, Rohtak and Jhajjar from eastern zone. The opinion of male and female beneficiaries were studied through five specific aspects of training viz., training programme, course content, time and duration, physical facilities, evaluation and supporting activities. For analyzing the expectations of the beneficiaries, a schedule was developed. Results revealed that out of both the zones, majority of male and female beneficiaries had high opinion level about all the four specific training aspects viz; training programme (26.0% male and 20.5% female), course content (24.0% male and 21.5% female), time and duration (22.5% male, 20.0% female) and physical facilities (26.0% male and 26.5% female). In case of evaluation and supporting activities where they had medium (27.5% male and 19.5% female) level of opinion regarding training programmes. Overall level of opinion of respondents towards training programmes was medium (26.0% male and 20.5% female) followed by high (24.5% male and16.5% female) and low (7.0% male and 5.5% female). Whereas, level of expectation of beneficiaries for training programmes was high (33.0% male and 21.5% female) followed by medium (20.5% male and 15.0% female) and low (4.5% male and 5.5% female).
{"title":"Opinion and Expectations of Beneficiaries towards Training Programmes of KVKs: Gender Analysis","authors":".. Sulekha, K. Yadav, D. Gupta, P. Nath, A. K. Rajbhar, Sudershan Mehta","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130746","url":null,"abstract":"Study was conducted to know the opinion and expectations of beneficiaries towards training programmes of KVKs in Haryana. Agro climatically Haryana is divided into two zones i.e., western and eastern zone. Based on the year of establishment, four KVKs two each funded by ICAR from western and eastern zone of Haryana, functioning for the last five years and where maximum number of rural women participated in their training programmes were selected. These KVKs were Bhiwani and Fatehabad from western zone, Rohtak and Jhajjar from eastern zone. The opinion of male and female beneficiaries were studied through five specific aspects of training viz., training programme, course content, time and duration, physical facilities, evaluation and supporting activities. For analyzing the expectations of the beneficiaries, a schedule was developed. Results revealed that out of both the zones, majority of male and female beneficiaries had high opinion level about all the four specific training aspects viz; training programme (26.0% male and 20.5% female), course content (24.0% male and 21.5% female), time and duration (22.5% male, 20.0% female) and physical facilities (26.0% male and 26.5% female). In case of evaluation and supporting activities where they had medium (27.5% male and 19.5% female) level of opinion regarding training programmes. Overall level of opinion of respondents towards training programmes was medium (26.0% male and 20.5% female) followed by high (24.5% male and16.5% female) and low (7.0% male and 5.5% female). Whereas, level of expectation of beneficiaries for training programmes was high (33.0% male and 21.5% female) followed by medium (20.5% male and 15.0% female) and low (4.5% male and 5.5% female).","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130649861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130748
Foumy N. Rafeeq, R. Rajasekaran
Biodiversity hotspots have set up to protect at least 10 per cent of world's ecological regions in order to conserve biodiversity and safeguard many facilities provided by natural ecosystems. Biosphere Reserves are representative areas of natural and cultural landscapes that span a large area of agricultural, marine, or coastal ecosystems, or a combination of them, as well as representative bio-geographic domains or kingdoms. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has richness and diversity, to protect it, the district has been declared as “Organic district” on July 2019. It is also the home to a wide range of human cultural diversity and especially the primitive and vulnerable tribes live in these areas. They are the designated tribal settlers identified by the government and these have their own religious believes, culture and traditions which is extremely different from others customs. They are called as "Adivasi" or "Aboriginals". So as to improve their life style and lead a better life like others, central government along with state government had bought several development schemes and plans under Ministry of tribal affairs. The Tribal Development Plan (TDP) was developed to proactively solve tribal issues and provide culturally compatible solutions, specifically considering indigenous people. The main objective of this study is the adoption level of government tribal development schemes and plans among the primitive tribes living in the biodiversity zone of Nilgiri biosphere. Thus the vulnerable and primitive tribal societies of like Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Paniya, Kattu naickan and Irular of Nilgiri district have been chosen for the investigation with the sample size of 120, in which 20 from each tribes have been chosen. Pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule have been made and thereby undergone survey. Thus it provided an overall picture about the level of adoption about various government tribal development schemes for their betterment and upliftment in among Nilgiri tribes.
{"title":"Extent of Utilization of Various Government Tribal Development Schemes by Primitive Tribes Living in Biodiversity Zone of Nilgiri District in Tamil Nadu","authors":"Foumy N. Rafeeq, R. Rajasekaran","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130748","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity hotspots have set up to protect at least 10 per cent of world's ecological regions in order to conserve biodiversity and safeguard many facilities provided by natural ecosystems. Biosphere Reserves are representative areas of natural and cultural landscapes that span a large area of agricultural, marine, or coastal ecosystems, or a combination of them, as well as representative bio-geographic domains or kingdoms. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has richness and diversity, to protect it, the district has been declared as “Organic district” on July 2019. It is also the home to a wide range of human cultural diversity and especially the primitive and vulnerable tribes live in these areas. They are the designated tribal settlers identified by the government and these have their own religious believes, culture and traditions which is extremely different from others customs. They are called as \"Adivasi\" or \"Aboriginals\". So as to improve their life style and lead a better life like others, central government along with state government had bought several development schemes and plans under Ministry of tribal affairs. The Tribal Development Plan (TDP) was developed to proactively solve tribal issues and provide culturally compatible solutions, specifically considering indigenous people. The main objective of this study is the adoption level of government tribal development schemes and plans among the primitive tribes living in the biodiversity zone of Nilgiri biosphere. Thus the vulnerable and primitive tribal societies of like Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Paniya, Kattu naickan and Irular of Nilgiri district have been chosen for the investigation with the sample size of 120, in which 20 from each tribes have been chosen. Pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule have been made and thereby undergone survey. Thus it provided an overall picture about the level of adoption about various government tribal development schemes for their betterment and upliftment in among Nilgiri tribes.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124007810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130752
S. Srinithi, P. Balasubramaniam, N. Palanichamy, M. Devi, V. Mohanraj
The majority of Indian farmers face issues such as decreased agricultural production, lower resource use efficiency, and lower farm revenue. Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) which are based on the concepts of economies of scale and collective action, have arisen as a golden ray of hope for alleviating these challenges. In light of these facts, the present study was carried out to examine socio-personal, socio-economic, socio-psychological characteristics and the factors determining their membership with the sample respondents of 132. The sample was selected through proportionate random sampling from five villages of Thottiyam block in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers were middle aged with most of the members having been educated and medium level of annual income. Farming was the primary occupation for majority of the members with big farm size and medium level of annual income, farmer groups experience, training, institutional support and extension agency contact. There also exists medium level of market perception, group interaction, group leadership, self -confidence, attitude towards group activity, participation in group activities, achievement motivation and group cohesiveness. The findings also revealed that getting better price for their produce was the major economic factor determining their membership followed by participatory decision making as the major social factor, to make use of government schemes as major organizational factor and providing market linkages as the major marketing factor determining their membership. FPO operations must be promoted and supported in order to instill competition among farmers and raise their share and profit in agricultural enterprises.
{"title":"Assessment of Profile Characteristics and Factors Determining the Membership of Farmers in Tamil Nadu Banana Producer Company (TNBPC) a Study in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Srinithi, P. Balasubramaniam, N. Palanichamy, M. Devi, V. Mohanraj","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130752","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of Indian farmers face issues such as decreased agricultural production, lower resource use efficiency, and lower farm revenue. Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) which are based on the concepts of economies of scale and collective action, have arisen as a golden ray of hope for alleviating these challenges. In light of these facts, the present study was carried out to examine socio-personal, socio-economic, socio-psychological characteristics and the factors determining their membership with the sample respondents of 132. The sample was selected through proportionate random sampling from five villages of Thottiyam block in Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers were middle aged with most of the members having been educated and medium level of annual income. Farming was the primary occupation for majority of the members with big farm size and medium level of annual income, farmer groups experience, training, institutional support and extension agency contact. There also exists medium level of market perception, group interaction, group leadership, self -confidence, attitude towards group activity, participation in group activities, achievement motivation and group cohesiveness. The findings also revealed that getting better price for their produce was the major economic factor determining their membership followed by participatory decision making as the major social factor, to make use of government schemes as major organizational factor and providing market linkages as the major marketing factor determining their membership. FPO operations must be promoted and supported in order to instill competition among farmers and raise their share and profit in agricultural enterprises.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125924547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130749
Nayana S. Nair, M. Thilagavathi, M. Prahadeeswaran, M. Duraisamy
Aim: The present study intends to analyse the influence of weather parameters on the production of black pepper in six major pepper producing districts of Kerala, the Indian state which contributes a considerable share to national spice exports. Methodology: This research is based on secondary data which is limited to six major black pepper producing districts of Kerala which were chosen based on their contribution to total production of the state 2020. More than 50% of the production was from Idukki district followed by Wayanad (8%), and around 3 to 3.5% from Kannur, Kasargod, Kottayam and Kollam districts respectively. Annual precipitation, Relative humidity, Maximum and Minimum temperatures were the parameters taken into consideration along with production data of over 15 years (2005-2019) which was then subjected to regression analysis using panel data. Results: According to the results, significant reduction in production by 2.52% and 1.88% was recorded for unit increase maximum (P= 0.047) and minimum temperature (P=0.03) respectively. Likewise, unit rise in relative humidity and rainfall was responsible for decrease In production by 1.1%, and 0.07% respectively though they were reported to be insignificant. Conclusion: From the present study, it could be concluded that maximum and minimum temperatures were found to be significant in affecting the production of black pepper. However the negative regression coefficients obtained for other factors like rainfall and relative humidity implied its negative effect on production. In order to combat these variations, there is therefore, the need to create awareness to farmers in India on the need to adopt best farming practices in order to improve yield of this important crop.
{"title":"Role of Major Weather Parameters in the Production of Black Pepper in Kerala","authors":"Nayana S. Nair, M. Thilagavathi, M. Prahadeeswaran, M. Duraisamy","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130749","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study intends to analyse the influence of weather parameters on the production of black pepper in six major pepper producing districts of Kerala, the Indian state which contributes a considerable share to national spice exports. \u0000Methodology: This research is based on secondary data which is limited to six major black pepper producing districts of Kerala which were chosen based on their contribution to total production of the state 2020. More than 50% of the production was from Idukki district followed by Wayanad (8%), and around 3 to 3.5% from Kannur, Kasargod, Kottayam and Kollam districts respectively. Annual precipitation, Relative humidity, Maximum and Minimum temperatures were the parameters taken into consideration along with production data of over 15 years (2005-2019) which was then subjected to regression analysis using panel data. \u0000Results: According to the results, significant reduction in production by 2.52% and 1.88% was recorded for unit increase maximum (P= 0.047) and minimum temperature (P=0.03) respectively. Likewise, unit rise in relative humidity and rainfall was responsible for decrease \u0000In production by 1.1%, and 0.07% respectively though they were reported to be insignificant. \u0000Conclusion: From the present study, it could be concluded that maximum and minimum temperatures were found to be significant in affecting the production of black pepper. However the negative regression coefficients obtained for other factors like rainfall and relative humidity implied its negative effect on production. In order to combat these variations, there is therefore, the need to create awareness to farmers in India on the need to adopt best farming practices in order to improve yield of this important crop.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124746713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130747
B. Chandru, A. Rohini, M. Chandrakumar, V. Anandhi
This study was primarily concentrated on hill banana cultivation. The purpose of this study is to find the economics of hill banana cultivation and the problems faced by the hill banana farmers during the production of hill bananas in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Economics of the hill banana cultivation was done by finding the cost and returns associated with the hill banana cultivation and constraints faced by the hill banana farmers with Garrett's ranking technique. Many previous research on the production of various agricultural commodities was focused on a specific area and/or a specific commodity. There was a little study on banana production and limitations in some regions in Tamil Nadu. As a result, the focus of this research will be on hill banana production in the Dindigul district. Purposive and convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Primary data were collected by the personal interview with a well-structured interview schedule. The cost and returns of hill bananas were calculated per hectare. The average cost of production of hill bananas was estimated to be ₹2.04 lakh/ha. The average gross return was ₹5.04 lakh/ha and the average net return was estimated to be ₹2.99 lakh/ha. The result of the study shows that hill banana cultivation was highly profitable and the benefit-cost ratio (BC Ratio) was more than unity (2.46). The major constraints faced by hill banana farmers in the cultivation of hill bananas were pest attack (insects) followed by disease attack, lack of labor availability, animal attack, and drought. The findings will assist policymakers in developing appropriate programs and adjusting strategies for improving hill banana production in Tamil Nadu.
{"title":"An Economic Analysis on Production of Hill Banana in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"B. Chandru, A. Rohini, M. Chandrakumar, V. Anandhi","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130747","url":null,"abstract":"This study was primarily concentrated on hill banana cultivation. The purpose of this study is to find the economics of hill banana cultivation and the problems faced by the hill banana farmers during the production of hill bananas in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Economics of the hill banana cultivation was done by finding the cost and returns associated with the hill banana cultivation and constraints faced by the hill banana farmers with Garrett's ranking technique. Many previous research on the production of various agricultural commodities was focused on a specific area and/or a specific commodity. There was a little study on banana production and limitations in some regions in Tamil Nadu. As a result, the focus of this research will be on hill banana production in the Dindigul district. Purposive and convenience sampling technique was used in this study. Primary data were collected by the personal interview with a well-structured interview schedule. The cost and returns of hill bananas were calculated per hectare. The average cost of production of hill bananas was estimated to be ₹2.04 lakh/ha. The average gross return was ₹5.04 lakh/ha and the average net return was estimated to be ₹2.99 lakh/ha. The result of the study shows that hill banana cultivation was highly profitable and the benefit-cost ratio (BC Ratio) was more than unity (2.46). The major constraints faced by hill banana farmers in the cultivation of hill bananas were pest attack (insects) followed by disease attack, lack of labor availability, animal attack, and drought. The findings will assist policymakers in developing appropriate programs and adjusting strategies for improving hill banana production in Tamil Nadu.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126855224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130751
A. Monika, M. Devi, .. KalaiVani, P. Ganapathi
Women farmers are engaged in both production and processing of turmeric. Majority of the women have been involved in decision-making process. During COVID–19 pandemic situation women were more affected than men by means of economical aspects. During COVID-19 pandemic situation, farm women’s decision making process has been changed hence the study “Analysis of Changes in Decision Making Behaviour of Turmeric Farm Women during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation” has been taken up. The study was conducted in Kodumudi block of Erode district. Based on proportionate random sampling method, six villages were selected with the sample of 120 farm women. From the result it was observed that before COVID-19, majority of the farm women had not been involved in decision making process like crop production, fertilizer application, pest management, disease management, Nematode management, harvesting and post harvest activities while during COVID-19 farm women took decision either with the family members or with the help of their spouse in turmeric farming. To overcome this situation there must be more number of training programmes conducted to the farm women in turmeric farming techniques which inturn help them to take right decision by their own.
{"title":"Analysis of Changes in Decision Making Behaviour of Turmeric Farm Women during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation","authors":"A. Monika, M. Devi, .. KalaiVani, P. Ganapathi","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130751","url":null,"abstract":"Women farmers are engaged in both production and processing of turmeric. Majority of the women have been involved in decision-making process. During COVID–19 pandemic situation women were more affected than men by means of economical aspects. During COVID-19 pandemic situation, farm women’s decision making process has been changed hence the study “Analysis of Changes in Decision Making Behaviour of Turmeric Farm Women during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation” has been taken up. The study was conducted in Kodumudi block of Erode district. Based on proportionate random sampling method, six villages were selected with the sample of 120 farm women. From the result it was observed that before COVID-19, majority of the farm women had not been involved in decision making process like crop production, fertilizer application, pest management, disease management, Nematode management, harvesting and post harvest activities while during COVID-19 farm women took decision either with the family members or with the help of their spouse in turmeric farming. To overcome this situation there must be more number of training programmes conducted to the farm women in turmeric farming techniques which inturn help them to take right decision by their own.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123174303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130745
S. Kumari, R. Rani, R. Premavathi, S. Sridevy
The aim of the study is to ascertain the perception of farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).The research design adopted for this study is an ex-post facto. The present investigation was carried out in Konganapuram and Kadayampatti block of Salem district of Tamil Nadu. The duration of the study is from 2020-2021. As per the list provided by Joint Director of Agriculture and other officials farmers were selected from each village, who have registered under P.M.F.B.Y. Respondents were selected from each village through proportionate sampling method and the sample size was 117. Based on judges’ opinion and review of literature, the well-structured interview schedule was prepared and used to collect data from the respondents. The collected data were coded, quantified, classified, tabulated and analyzed with the help of frequency and percentage to get the inference. The statement like all farmers can pay the amount of premium under crop insurance ranked as I (MS - 2.52) followed by the damage caused by fire and electricity must be included in Insurance (MS - 2.44), It is mandatory for all farmers to get crop insurance (MS - 2.42) were ranked as 2 and 3 respectively. As crop insurance protects the farmers from the uncertainty of risk in farming like natural calamities (floods, droughts, cyclones, and earth quakes, etc.). That crop insurance is mandatory for every type of farmer; Government should take the initiative to give subsidies for small scale farmers and large-scale farmers as a basis of proportion to their income levels.
{"title":"Farmers Perception towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana in Salem District","authors":"S. Kumari, R. Rani, R. Premavathi, S. Sridevy","doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130745","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to ascertain the perception of farmers towards Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).The research design adopted for this study is an ex-post facto. The present investigation was carried out in Konganapuram and Kadayampatti block of Salem district of Tamil Nadu. The duration of the study is from 2020-2021. As per the list provided by Joint Director of Agriculture and other officials farmers were selected from each village, who have registered under P.M.F.B.Y. Respondents were selected from each village through proportionate sampling method and the sample size was 117. Based on judges’ opinion and review of literature, the well-structured interview schedule was prepared and used to collect data from the respondents. The collected data were coded, quantified, classified, tabulated and analyzed with the help of frequency and percentage to get the inference. The statement like all farmers can pay the amount of premium under crop insurance ranked as I (MS - 2.52) followed by the damage caused by fire and electricity must be included in Insurance (MS - 2.44), It is mandatory for all farmers to get crop insurance (MS - 2.42) were ranked as 2 and 3 respectively. As crop insurance protects the farmers from the uncertainty of risk in farming like natural calamities (floods, droughts, cyclones, and earth quakes, etc.). That crop insurance is mandatory for every type of farmer; Government should take the initiative to give subsidies for small scale farmers and large-scale farmers as a basis of proportion to their income levels.","PeriodicalId":354619,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126527130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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