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Recent rainfall trends between 1990 and 2020: Contrasting characteristics between two climate zones in Burkina Faso (West Africa) 1990 - 2020年的近期降雨趋势:布基纳法索(西非)两个气候带的对比特征
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301087y
I. Yanogo, J. Yameogo
The northern region (municipality of Samba) and the southwestern region (municipality of Gaoua) are agricultural production areas, which are however dependent on rain-fall. Therefore, knowledge of rainfall characteristics is essential for good agricultural planning. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyse the recent evolution of rainfall between 1990 and 2020 in Burkina Faso. To this end, monthly rainfall data were acquired from the National Meteorological Agency of Burkina Faso. Statistical methods for detecting breaks in time series, standardised rainfall indices, rainfall extremes and rainfall concentration were applied to the data collected. The study shows that annual rainfall totals are increasing between 1990 and 2020, but are marked by alternating wet and dry periods. Moreover, precipitation is more concentrated in a few months (July, August, September) in the northern region since the rainfall concentration index (RCI) is ? 25% between 1990 and 2020, and precipitation is more spread over several months (May, June, July, August, September, October) in the southwestern region, since the RCI oscillates between 18.13% and 19.09%, except for the decade 2000-2010 when the RCI is 20.3%. Therefore, the northern region is exposed to extreme precipitation (increase in total wet days (precipitation ?1 mm) (JP), frequency of intense rainfall (P95(day), intensity of rainy days (SDII (mm/day), maximum daily precipitation (PXJA (mm)) more than the southwestern region (decrease in frequency of intense rainfall, maximum daily precipitation). It is therefore imperative for the national authorities to initiate resilience actions in favour of farmers in the northern region.
北部地区(桑巴市)和西南地区(高瓦市)是农业生产区,但依赖于降雨。因此,了解降雨特征对良好的农业规划至关重要。因此,本研究的目的是分析1990年至2020年间布基纳法索降雨的最新演变。为此目的,从布基纳法索国家气象局获得了每月的降雨量数据。对收集到的数据采用了检测时间序列中断、标准化降雨指数、降雨极值和降雨浓度的统计方法。该研究表明,在1990年至2020年期间,年降雨量正在增加,但其特征是干湿交替。降水集中指数(RCI)为?,北部地区在7、8、9几个月降水较为集中。除2000-2010年10年RCI值为20.3%外,西南地区降水分布在5、6、7、8、9、10月份,RCI值在18.13% ~ 19.09%之间波动。因此,北部地区暴露于极端降水(总湿日数(降水?1 mm) (JP)、强降水频次(P95(日)、降雨强度(SDII (mm/日)、最大日降水量(PXJA (mm))多于西南地区(强降水频次减少、最大日降水量)。因此,国家当局必须采取有利于北部地区农民的抗灾行动。
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引用次数: 1
Man, space and tourism 人、太空和旅游
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301183s
S. Stanković
Modern tourism is based on numerous and diverse, direct, indirect, occasional and permanent, relations of man, society and space, i.e. the environment in which it takes place. Tourism is a pronounced spatial phenomenon. It takes place on land and sea, on almost all continents and in all countries. Where it is organized on the purposeful valorisation of space, tradition and good organization, it is the basis for achieving satisfactory economic and social effects. That is why local, regional, state and world organizations pay special attention to it. By valorising space, tourism, achieving economic effects, contributes to the enrichment of the balance of payments of receptive regions and countries. Tourism can valorise some objects, phenomena and environmental processes, which are not interesting for other activities, which is important for expanding the field of business.
现代旅游是建立在人、社会和空间(即旅游发生的环境)之间众多多样、直接的、间接的、偶然的和永久的关系基础上的。旅游是一种明显的空间现象。它发生在陆地和海上,几乎在所有大陆和所有国家。如果它是在空间、传统和良好组织的有目的地增值的基础上组织起来的,它是实现令人满意的经济和社会效果的基础。这就是为什么地方、区域、国家和世界组织特别关注它的原因。旅游使空间增值,取得经济效益,有助于丰富接受空间的区域和国家的国际收支。旅游可以使其他活动没有兴趣的一些对象,现象和环境过程增值,这对扩大业务领域很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Convergence of space and time through GIS 通过GIS实现空间和时间的融合
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301173v
A. Valjarević, Saša Milosavljević
Human's exploration of space has changed over time, depending on the expansion of the limits of his knowledge. Space is infinite, but it is limited by the possibility of human knowledge. The original man knew very little about the space in which he lived - about its shape, size, content, etc. Over time, the space began to take on the shapes that describe it. Those forms are its dimensions, which increased as knowledge about space in-creased. Knowledge spread more and more, from the Earth's surface to deep into the cosmos. Time is known to everyone, but it is difficult to define and understand. Science, philosophy, religion, art have different definitions of time, but it can be defined as measuring the progress of events. Space-time convergence explores the changing relationship between space and time. Today it is used to interpret the impact of technological progress on current world processes, especially globalization. The development of computer technology and virtual reality techniques has led to numerous changes in the representation of space. Since the initial development of computer technology, human has tried to create a virtual image of the world that he could experience with all his senses in the same way as the image of the "real" world. GIS displays data in a visual, simple and user-friendly form. The ability to transform spatial data into relevant information represents its basic value and advantage.
人类对空间的探索随着时间的推移而改变,这取决于人类知识极限的扩展。空间是无限的,但它受到人类知识可能性的限制。原始人对他所居住的空间知之甚少,不知道它的形状、大小、内容等等。随着时间的推移,空间开始呈现出描述它的形状。这些形式是它的维度,随着对空间知识的增加而增加。知识的传播越来越广,从地球表面深入到宇宙深处。时间是每个人都知道的,但它很难定义和理解。科学、哲学、宗教、艺术对时间有不同的定义,但时间可以被定义为衡量事件进展的尺度。时空收敛探讨的是空间和时间之间不断变化的关系。今天,它被用来解释技术进步对当前世界进程的影响,尤其是全球化。计算机技术和虚拟现实技术的发展使空间的表现方式发生了许多变化。自从计算机技术最初发展以来,人类一直试图创造一个他可以用所有感官体验的世界的虚拟形象,就像“真实”世界的形象一样。GIS以可视化、简单和用户友好的形式显示数据。将空间数据转化为相关信息的能力体现了空间数据的基本价值和优势。
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引用次数: 0
Architectural and urban ambiences system in oasis space: Case of Tolga 绿洲空间中的建筑与城市环境系统:以托尔加为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301133f
Houimli Fayçal, Alkama Djamel
Assessing an architectural or urban ambiance remains an uncertainty in the absence of a scale for its measurement and its design. The research, specifically conducted in an oasian space, aims to innovate a pragmatic tool of evaluation and application for the conception of the architectural and urban ambiance perceived on the limits of the places? senses and identity. The investigations, which took place on vernacular sites of great Oasian identity in Tolga, are a collection of subjects? drawings. The ambiance, as a system of a great complexity whose value exceeds the sum of its components, is treated through the verbalization of Kevin Lynch?s mind map and the entropy of Claude Shannon?s communication theory. The analysis checked the periodicity of the appearance, the meanings of the natural identity indicators and those of the built frame on the subjects? drawings. The syntax diagram, result of this research, forms a pragmatic vernacular reference tool for measuring and evaluating the architectural and urban ambiance in oasian space. It is a scale of natural environment, architecture and urban planning indicators, constituting an orientation table for the conception of the oasian city of today and tomorrow.
在缺乏测量和设计尺度的情况下,评估建筑或城市环境仍然是不确定的。该研究特别在绿洲空间中进行,旨在创新一种实用的评估和应用工具,以评估和应用在场地极限上感知的建筑和城市氛围的概念。感官和身份。这些调查是在托尔加具有大绿洲特征的地方进行的,是一系列主题的集合。图纸。环境,作为一个非常复杂的系统,其价值超过其组成部分的总和,是通过凯文林奇的语言来处理的。s的思维导图和克劳德·香农的熵?交际理论。分析检查了外观的周期性,自然身份指标的含义以及建筑框架对主体的含义。图纸。本研究的结果——句法图,为衡量和评价绿洲空间中的建筑和城市氛围,形成了一种实用的白话参考工具。它是自然环境、建筑和城市规划指标的尺度,构成了绿洲城市今天和明天概念的方位表。
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引用次数: 0
Green infrastructure, a thermal regulator for the arid city. Case study of the city of Bou-saada 绿色基础设施,干旱城市的热调节器。以布萨达市为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301419o
Malika Ouzir
From a sustainable development perspective, becoming aware of the preservation of green spaces and the creation of green infrastructure is a great challenge for the Algerian arid city, especially in the arid environment. Green infrastructure is multifunctional open space networks aimed at sustainable resource management and environmental improvement. We chose the city of Bou-saada as a case study to demonstrate the need for green infrastructure. This city, with a semi-arid climate, presents a very varied, complex and fragile historical, archeological and natural richness subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures. The overall objective of this research is to assess green infrastructure in the city of Bou-saada using a qualitative barometer. This method uses several themes around the concept of multifunctionality and thermal comfort, also using some subthemes to break down the themes. Green infrastructure in the city of Bou-saada can withstand the drought and heat emanating from this area, provide shade and reduce heat, prevent soil degradation and desertification by stabilizing the soil and mitigating wind-induced erosion. Through this research, we have also looked at several issues such as safeguarding the natural heritage, combating desertification, and siltation.
从可持续发展的角度来看,意识到绿色空间的保护和绿色基础设施的创建对阿尔及利亚干旱城市来说是一个巨大的挑战,特别是在干旱的环境中。绿色基础设施是多功能开放空间网络,旨在实现资源的可持续管理和环境的改善。我们选择了布萨达市作为案例研究,以证明对绿色基础设施的需求。这座半干旱气候的城市,在强烈的人为压力下,呈现出非常多样、复杂和脆弱的历史、考古和自然丰富性。本研究的总体目标是使用定性晴雨表评估布萨达市的绿色基础设施。这种方法围绕多功能和热舒适的概念使用了几个主题,也使用了一些子主题来分解主题。布萨达市的绿色基础设施能够抵御来自该地区的干旱和高温,提供阴凉和减少热量,通过稳定土壤和减轻风蚀来防止土壤退化和荒漠化。通过这项研究,我们还研究了保护自然遗产、防治荒漠化和淤积等几个问题。
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引用次数: 0
Hotels vs private accommodation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia? 在塞尔维亚COVID-19大流行期间,酒店还是私人住宿?
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301301v
M. Vesić
Available statistical data at the global and national levels show how much tour-ism and hospitality suffered from the period of declaration of the worldwide pandemic of the Covid-19 virus (March 2020) until its "de facto" abolition (March/April 2022). However, the fact that tourism and travel became almost the primary need of people in periods of relaxation of measures is also evidenced by the available statistical data. Examples of countries in the world and in the region indicate that in that period there was a change in tourist movements, initiated by the changed needs and demands of tourists. For the purposes of this research, a survey questionnaire was formulated and distributed electronically to the e-mail addresses of numerous users in Serbia. The main goal of the paper is to indicate the utilization of hotel accommodation capacities in relation to private accommodation during the pandemic in Serbia. Investigate whether the role of hotels, which before the pandemic period were the most used form of accommodation, has declined (especially when it comes to leading tourist destinations in Serbia - city, mountain and spa centres), or whether the trend of choosing a "safer place to stay" has experienced an expansion in natural, non-urbanized environment. The obtained data can be useful, first of all, to managers of the tourism and hospitality industry, so that according to the summarized results of the research and the recommendations given in the work, they can adequately and timely correct and innovate their tourist offer.
全球和国家两级现有统计数据显示,从宣布Covid-19病毒全球大流行(2020年3月)到“事实上”废除(2022年3月/ 4月)期间,旅游业和酒店业受到了多大影响。然而,现有的统计数据也证明,在措施放松时期,旅游和旅行几乎成了人们的主要需求。世界各国和本区域各国的例子表明,在这一时期,由于旅游者的需要和要求发生了变化,旅游活动发生了变化。为了这项研究的目的,编制了一份调查问卷,并以电子方式分发给塞尔维亚许多用户的电子邮件地址。该文件的主要目标是指出在塞尔维亚大流行期间,与私人住宿相比,酒店住宿能力的利用情况。调查酒店的作用是否有所下降(特别是在塞尔维亚的主要旅游目的地——城市、山区和水疗中心),或者选择“更安全的住宿地点”的趋势是否在自然、非城市化环境中有所扩大。酒店在大流行时期之前是最常用的住宿形式。所获得的数据可以是有用的,首先,旅游和酒店业的管理者,因此,根据总结的研究结果和工作中给出的建议,他们可以充分和及时地纠正和创新他们的旅游报价。
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引用次数: 0
Tourism development and water pollution in national parks in Serbia: Interrelations and perspectives 塞尔维亚国家公园的旅游发展和水污染:相互关系和观点
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301327b
J. Brankov
Water resources are an important tourist value of national parks (NPs) in Serbia. The richness and significance of hydrographic resources are not only represented in the river network and its hydropower potential, but also in the recreational values and rare natural features of these phenomena. As a particular user of natural resources, tourism modifies water resources into something memorable, reachable to visitors, ?nd most often with elements of attractiveness and curiosity. This research offers insight into the possibilities for the development of water tourism in selected NPs in Serbia from the perspective of the water quality of the most important hydrological resources. Based on the use of the water pollution index (WPI), the pollution level of the Drina River (Tara NP) and the Danube River (Djerdap NP) has been calculated. The results indicated different degrees of pollution and mostly organic pollution, which is a limiting factor for a large number of tourist and recreational activities. The findings of this study have important implications for the future policies of NPs in the sphere of natural resource management and therefore the development of water tourism.
水资源是塞尔维亚国家公园的重要旅游资源。水文资源的丰富性和意义不仅表现在河网及其水电潜力上,还表现在这些现象所具有的游憩价值和罕见的自然特征上。作为自然资源的特殊使用者,旅游业将水资源改造成令人难忘的、游客可以接触到的东西,并且通常带有吸引力和好奇心的元素。这项研究从最重要的水文资源的水质角度,为塞尔维亚选定的NPs发展水上旅游的可能性提供了见解。利用水质污染指数(WPI),计算了德里纳河(Tara NP)和多瑙河(jerdap NP)的污染水平。结果表明,污染程度不同,以有机污染为主,这是限制大量旅游娱乐活动的一个因素。这项研究的结果对未来国家在自然资源管理领域的政策以及水旅游的发展具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 2
The contribution of the road transport network to supporting development: The case of the Wilaya of M'sila, Algeria 道路运输网对支持发展的贡献:以阿尔及利亚姆西拉的维拉亚为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301045b
Hamza Bouzid, Abdelmadjid Bouder, Bilel Zerouali
The paper evaluates the development and the capacities of action of the road network, in particular, its degree of density and accessibility in specific years of 1998 and 2017, in the Wilaya of M'sila, (Algeria). This paper aims to understand the extent of the contribution of this network to support the development in this region. To identify the municipal socio-economic profile, 41 indicators were used, 6 to determine the road density, and 5 to measure the accessibility. After comparing the results in the previously specified years, it was found that there was an improvement in the density, which included 10 municipalities, accompanied by a clear and repeated positive development in 7 of the 41 development indicators in these 10 municipalities, in terms of accessibility, an improvement was noted in 7 municipalities, attached to 8 notable and repeated indicators. The results also showed that the spatial distribution of road networks does not present a clear trend, it does not necessarily tend towards a geographical dependence, where are the grand urban localities, or the lower rank localities. In addition, the contribution of road networks to socio-economic factors are sometimes absent, and when it is present, it varies according to the location or characteristics of the road network (density/accessibility). In the case of density, the support consisted of a decrease in migration rates, and a significant increase in birth rates, in addition to an improvement in economic indicators. However, in the case of accessibility, its contribution is somewhat different, since what distinguishes it is that it helps to attract facilities, to choose the best location.
本文评估了1998年和2017年(阿尔及利亚)M'sila Wilaya地区道路网络的发展和行动能力,特别是其密度和可达性。本文旨在了解该网络对支持该地区发展的贡献程度。为了确定城市社会经济状况,使用了41个指标,其中6个指标用于确定道路密度,5个指标用于衡量可达性。在比较了之前指定年份的结果后,发现密度有所改善,其中包括10个城市,伴随着这10个城市41个发展指标中的7个明显和重复的积极发展,在可达性方面,7个城市注意到改善,附属于8个显著和重复的指标。研究结果还表明,道路网络的空间分布没有明显的趋势,并不一定倾向于地理上的依赖,即在哪里是大城市的地方,或者在哪里是低等级的地方。此外,道路网对社会经济因素的贡献有时是不存在的,即使有贡献,也因道路网的位置或特征(密度/可达性)而异。就人口密度而言,除了经济指标有所改善外,这种支持还包括移徙率的下降和出生率的显著提高。然而,在可达性的情况下,它的贡献有些不同,因为它的区别在于它有助于吸引设施,选择最佳位置。
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引用次数: 0
Urban youth and protected areas - the south Banat region, Serbia 城市青年和保护区-南巴纳特地区,塞尔维亚
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301257j
Tamara Jojic-Glavonjic, S. Denda
In December 2021 and January 2022, the inhabitants of the City of Pancevo were surveyed using the random sampling method to find out to what extent they are aware of the existence of protected areas in their vicinity and how often they use them for outdoor trips and recreation. With the same aim, the inhabitants of the City of Vrsac were also surveyed in mid-2022. This paper presents the results concerning the youth of these two cities. The survey covered 2.6% of the population between 15 and 24 years old in the City of Pancevo and 2.2% of the population between 15 and 24 years old in the City of Vrsac. Less than half of the respondents have the habit of going to nature in their free time, and the main obstacles to this are the lack of free time and money, as well as the lack of direct public transport connections. In addition to the main research hypothesis, some other hypotheses were tested related to the similarities or differences between different groups of respondents in terms of the type of outdoor activities they engage in. The results obtained are important for planning future activities to preserve, improve and promote these valuable sites.
在2021年12月和2022年1月,采用随机抽样方法对潘切沃市的居民进行了调查,以了解他们在多大程度上了解附近保护区的存在,以及他们使用这些保护区进行户外旅行和娱乐的频率。出于同样的目的,2022年中期,弗尔萨克市的居民也接受了调查。本文给出了关于这两个城市青年的研究结果。该调查覆盖了潘切沃市15至24岁人口的2.6%和弗尔萨克市15至24岁人口的2.2%。不到一半的受访者有在空闲时间去大自然的习惯,而这主要的障碍是缺乏空闲时间和金钱,以及缺乏直接的公共交通连接。除了主要的研究假设外,还测试了其他一些假设,这些假设与不同群体的受访者在他们从事的户外活动类型方面的相似性或差异性有关。所获得的结果对于规划未来保护、改善和促进这些宝贵遗址的活动具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 1
In search of an architectural genome of traditional houses: Case of the habitat of the Dechras of Arris 寻找传统房屋的建筑基因组:以Arris dechra的栖息地为例
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/gsgd2301027a
Samiha Aksas, Abida Hamouda
This paper investigates the traditional production process that defines the perfect symbiosis between the site, culture, and construction engineering lifestyle. Indeed, despite the limited means, ancient builders have erected collective edifices well adapted and suited to the occupants' needs. This study aims to assess ancient auressian clusters to investigate the relationship between space and the resident community and establish a reference cultural model. Therefore, Arris villages (Dechras) have been selected as it represents the earliest and most significant settlements in the Aur?s region. This study is based on syntactic analysis of several traditional houses dispositions using qualitative and quantitative approach of Agraph and Depthmap sotware data processing. The spatial organization analysis findings outline numerous genotypic similarities and few discrepancies. Moreover, the outside is directly linked to the interior space by the yard, representing the divergence pole. The outdoor is rarely accessible by the roof (Skiffa) to enforce the domestic life introversion aspect.
本文研究了传统的生产过程,它定义了场地、文化和建筑工程生活方式之间的完美共生。事实上,尽管手段有限,古代的建筑者已经建立了集体大厦,很好地适应了居住者的需要。本研究旨在通过对古代城市集群的评估,探讨空间与居住社区的关系,并建立一个文化参考模型。因此,阿里斯村(Dechras)被选中,因为它代表了阿尔河最早和最重要的定居点。年代的地区。本研究以几种传统房屋配置的句法分析为基础,采用graphh和Depthmap软件数据处理的定性和定量方法。空间组织分析结果概述了许多基因型相似和少数差异。此外,外部通过院子直接连接到内部空间,代表发散极。室外很少通过屋顶进入(Skiffa),以加强家庭生活的内敛方面。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Glasnik - Srpskog Geografskog Drustva
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