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Book Review: Young activists and the Public Library 书评:青年积极分子与公共图书馆
Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i3.38260
A. Monheim
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引用次数: 0
Refocusing of the Study of Gatekeepers among Linguistic Minorities, the Case of Spanish speakers in the United States 语言少数群体看门人研究的再聚焦——以美国西班牙语使用者为例
Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.38249
Mónica Colón-Aguirre
In library and information science (LIS), the concept of gatekeeping warrants further exploration, especially due to the strong influence it can have on information behaviors of American minoritized communities. This work focuses specifically on Spanish speakers living in the U.S. and how gatekeeping manifests in their information behaviors. This study employs conceptual analysis to explore the concept of gatekeeping in the LIS literature focused solely on Spanish speakers. Metoyer-Duran's (1991) taxonomy of gatekeepers in ethnolinguistic communities is the main conceptual framework applied to this research, contextualized by broader aspects and further definitions available in the literature. The relationship between information behaviors and gatekeepers used by Spanish speakers is complicated by language and educational attainment. The studies analyzed indicate that organizations such as local health clinics, houses of worship, Latin American stores, workplaces, and schools are common locations where Spanish speakers go when they need information. However, personal social networks are still the primary way that American Spanish speakers obtain information. The use of libraries and the Internet is limited within the American Spanish speakers' infosphere. More research is needed, especially considering that even the term "Spanish speakers" is too broad to represent a U.S. population that may come from more than 18 countries that use Spanish as a first language.
在图书馆情报学(LIS)中,守门人的概念值得进一步探索,特别是因为它可以对美国少数族裔社区的信息行为产生强大的影响。这项工作特别关注生活在美国的西班牙语使用者,以及把关如何在他们的信息行为中体现出来。本研究采用概念分析来探讨美国文献中仅以西班牙语为研究对象的守门人概念。Metoyer-Duran(1991)的民族语言社区看门人分类学是本研究应用的主要概念框架,并在文献中提供了更广泛的方面和进一步的定义。西班牙语使用者的信息行为与看门人之间的关系因语言和受教育程度而变得复杂。分析的研究表明,当地诊所、教堂、拉丁美洲商店、工作场所和学校等组织是说西班牙语的人在需要信息时经常去的地方。然而,个人社交网络仍然是美国西班牙语使用者获取信息的主要方式。图书馆和互联网的使用仅限于说西班牙语的美国人的信息圈。需要进行更多的研究,特别是考虑到即使是“说西班牙语的人”这个词也太宽泛了,无法代表可能来自超过18个以西班牙语为第一语言的国家的美国人口。
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引用次数: 0
Civilized War within American Librarianship 美国图书馆事业中的文明战争
Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.38315
Mónica Colón-Aguirre, Nicole A. Cooke, Lisa K. Hussey
Library and information science (LIS) has struggled throughout the years with seeking to improve diversity, representation, and retention in the profession. Yet, despite a broad range of efforts, the profession, particularly in the U.S., remains mostly white, which mirrors American higher education in general. This disparity makes it imperative for the field to recognize more subtle forms of racism, such as colorblindness or the belief that the U.S. has moved into a post-racial world. This work will present strategies that LIS educators and librarians can employ to battle colorblindness through specific interventions in the LIS classroom. We believe LIS educators and librarians are uniquely positioned in higher education to impact students' learning when it comes to navigating the issues of racism in modern-day society. Here, we use reflective practice to explore ways in which we, as LIS educators and professionals, have dealt with racism and various related topics in the LIS classroom without falling into the trap of colorblindness. Our goal is to advance conversations related to colorblindness in higher education to allow it to be tackled and appropriately managed to benefit both students and faculty.
图书馆和信息科学(LIS)多年来一直在努力寻求提高专业的多样性,代表性和保留率。然而,尽管做出了广泛的努力,这个职业,尤其是在美国,仍然以白人为主,这反映了美国高等教育的总体情况。这种差异使得该领域必须认识到更微妙的种族主义形式,比如色盲或认为美国已经进入了后种族世界。这项工作将提出美国教育工作者和图书馆员可以采用的策略,通过在美国教育课堂上的具体干预措施来对抗色盲。我们相信,美国的教育工作者和图书馆员在高等教育中具有独特的地位,可以影响学生在现代社会中应对种族主义问题的学习。在这里,我们使用反思实践来探索我们作为美国教育者和专业人士在美国课堂上处理种族主义和各种相关话题而不陷入色盲陷阱的方法。我们的目标是推动高等教育中有关色盲的对话,使其得到解决和适当管理,使学生和教师都受益。
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引用次数: 0
Inequities in Public Library Branch Access and Children's Book Circulation in a Midwestern American City 美国中西部某城市公共图书馆分馆使用与儿童图书流通的不平等
Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.38127
Clare Crosh, J. Hutton, Gregory A. Szumlas, Yingying Xu, Andrew Beck, C. Riley
Literacy development is a complex process. It is well established that the Home Literacy Environment influences literacy development. To better understand the influence of the Neighborhood Literacy Environment, we examined the distribution of public library branches across neighborhoods in an American midwestern city and associations between book circulation rates and childhood poverty rates. This study used children's book circulation data provided by the Hamilton County Public Library in the state of Ohio (U.S.). The primary outcome variable was the branch-specific, five-year mean circulation rate of books-per-child living within the branch neighborhood. The predictor variable was the childhood poverty rate of the neighborhood. There was a significant, moderate negative correlation between book circulation and childhood poverty rates (Spearman's r= -0.52, p<0.001). Using data from a public library system in a large midwestern American city, this study found significant disparities in branch access and children's book circulation in high-poverty neighborhoods.
扫盲发展是一个复杂的过程。家庭扫盲环境对扫盲发展的影响是公认的。为了更好地理解社区扫盲环境的影响,我们研究了美国中西部一个城市公共图书馆分支机构在各个社区的分布,以及图书流通率与儿童贫困率之间的关系。本研究使用了美国俄亥俄州汉密尔顿县公共图书馆提供的儿童图书流通数据。研究的主要结果变量是具体的分支机构,居住在分支机构附近的儿童的五年平均图书流通率。预测变量是社区的儿童贫困率。图书流通量与儿童贫困率之间存在显著的、中度的负相关(Spearman’s r= -0.52, p<0.001)。利用美国中西部一个大城市公共图书馆系统的数据,这项研究发现,在高度贫困的社区,分馆访问和儿童图书流通存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Diversio Diversity and Inclusion Survey – Framework and Psychometric properties 多样性和包容性调查-框架和心理测量学性质
Pub Date : 2022-05-24 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i4.37507
Somkene Igboanugo, Jieru Yang, P. Bigelow
Reliable and valid methods are imperative to assess any organization’s diversity and inclusion practices. Therefore, the Diversio Diversity and Inclusion Survey (DDIS), an instrument built on a framework of five core themes (inclusive culture, fair management, access to networks, flexible working conditions, and safe working environment), and designed to measure inclusion metrics for organizations, was tested to examine its psychometric properties. The DDIS was developed through a collaboration of industry experts, including those with the Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business (CCAB) and the LGBTQ Chamber of Commerce. Initial testing and focus groups with over 60 participants belonging to equity-deserving groups ensured the instrument had good content validity. After the initial testing, pilot testing involving a diverse sample of working adults from 25 companies in Canada, the U.S., and the United Kingdom was completed. Psychometric properties of the 5-item DDIS scale were examined based on a cross-sectional survey of 8,800 working adults from various industries worldwide. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient1. The Cronbach alpha was 0.840 with all item-total correlations greater than 0.5. Therefore, the DDIS, which has good content validity and good internal consistency, should prove helpful in conducting assessments of diversity and inclusion culture and practices at any organization. In addition, organizations can survey their employees to gather relevant information to drive policy and organizational change.
可靠和有效的方法是评估任何组织的多样性和包容性实践的必要条件。因此,多元化、多样性和包容性调查(DDIS)是一个建立在五个核心主题(包容性文化、公平管理、网络访问、灵活的工作条件和安全的工作环境)框架上的工具,旨在衡量组织的包容性指标,并对其进行了测试,以检验其心理测量特性。DDIS是由行业专家合作制定的,包括加拿大土著商业委员会(CCAB)和LGBTQ商会。最初的测试和有60多名公平群体参与者的焦点小组确保了该工具具有良好的内容效度。在最初的测试之后,试点测试涉及来自加拿大、美国和英国的25家公司的不同样本的工作成年人。本研究通过对来自世界各地不同行业的8800名在职成年人的横断面调查,对DDIS量表的五项心理测量特性进行了检验。采用Cronbach’s alpha系数对量表的内部一致性信度进行分析。Cronbach alpha为0.840,所有项目-总量相关系数均大于0.5。因此,具有良好内容效度和良好内部一致性的DDIS应该有助于对任何组织的多样性和包容性文化和实践进行评估。此外,组织可以调查他们的员工来收集相关信息,以推动政策和组织变革。
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引用次数: 1
Cover and Credits 保险及学分
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i1/2.38231
L. Brochu
Cover and credits for volume 6, issue 1/2, Winter/Spring, 2022.
2022年冬/春第6卷第1/2期封面和字幕
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引用次数: 0
Copyright Remix (It's Tricky) 版权所有Remix (It's Tricky)
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i1.37112
Krystal Kakimoto
Over the past five decades, hip hop has become a widely celebrated genre of music, yet misconceptions still exist surrounding the hip hop community’s norm of sampling. This paper explores the origins of hip hop and the concept of sampling that is central to the genre. Sampling can be conceptualized as an eight-pronged framework involving three types of wholesale appropriation, three types related to lyrical quotation, and two types related to the variety of music or beats. Each type is discussed, and some examples are given. Following this overview, the ethics of sampling is explored via the context of the origins of copyright in the United States, which, some consider, to be a sampling of the first copyright law from Great Britain, the Statute of Anne. Historic litigation against hip hop artists is also discussed, as well as how these specific cases changed the attitude of record labels and their willingness to allow their artists to sample from outside the genre. The paper culminates with a discussion on various sampling norms within various communities and how they can be viewed as potential ways to revitalize U. S. copyright law.
在过去的五十年里,嘻哈已经成为一种广受欢迎的音乐类型,然而围绕嘻哈社区的采样规范仍然存在误解。本文探讨了嘻哈的起源和采样的概念,这是流派的核心。采样可以被概念化为一个八管齐下的框架,包括三种类型的批发挪用,三种类型与抒情引用有关,两种类型与音乐或节拍的多样性有关。讨论了每种类型,并给出了一些例子。在此概述之后,通过美国版权起源的背景来探讨抽样的伦理,有些人认为这是对英国第一部版权法《安妮法令》的抽样。本文还讨论了针对嘻哈歌手的历史诉讼,以及这些具体案件如何改变了唱片公司的态度,以及它们如何允许自己的艺人从其他流派中取样。论文最后讨论了不同社区的各种抽样规范,以及它们如何被视为振兴美国版权法的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
Hip Hop as Computational Neuroscience 嘻哈作为计算神经科学
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i1.37127
R. Eglash
Long before the internet provided us with a networked digital system, music exchanges had created a global networked analog system, built of recordings, radio broadcasts, and live performance. The features that allowed some audio formations to go viral, while others failed, fall at the intersection of three domains: access, culture, and cognition. We know how the explosive growth of the hip hop recording industry addressed the access problem, and how hip hop lyrics addressed cultural needs. But why does hip hop make your ass shake? This essay proposes that hip hop artists were creating an innovation in brain-to-brain connectivity. That is to say, there are deep parts of the limbic system that had not previously been connected to linguistic centers in the combination of neural and social pathways that hip hop facilitated. This research is not an argument for using computational neuroscience to analyze hip hop. Rather, it is asking what hip hop artists accomplished as the street version of computational neuroscientists; and, how they strategically deployed Black music traditions to rewire the world’s global rhythmic nervous system for new cognitive, cultural, and political alignments and sensibilities.
早在互联网为我们提供网络化的数字系统之前,音乐交流就已经创造了一个全球网络化的模拟系统,由录音、无线电广播和现场表演组成。让一些音频形式获得病毒式传播,而另一些则失败的功能,属于三个领域的交叉点:访问、文化和认知。我们知道嘻哈唱片业的爆炸式增长如何解决了访问问题,以及嘻哈歌词如何满足文化需求。但为什么嘻哈会让你屁股发抖?这篇文章提出,嘻哈艺术家正在创造一种脑对脑连接的创新。也就是说,在边缘系统的深层部分,在嘻哈音乐促进的神经和社会通路的组合中,以前没有连接到语言中心。这项研究并不是在论证使用计算神经科学来分析嘻哈音乐。相反,它问的是嘻哈艺术家作为街头版的计算神经科学家取得了什么成就;以及他们如何策略性地运用黑人音乐传统,重新连接世界的全球节奏神经系统,以适应新的认知、文化和政治联盟和情感。
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引用次数: 0
Global Drumbeat 全球鼓声
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i1.38230
Kafi D. Kumasi, André Brock
This article outlines the scope and significance of a special issue of The International Journal of Information, Diversity & Inclusion dedicated to exploring the intersections of hip hop and the field of library and information sciences. The co-guest editors, Kafi Kumasi and André Brock, describe their respective research trajectories to help illuminate what constitutes a hip hop epistemology of LIS knowledge. This issue demonstrates that there are many robust conceptual access points for better understanding the LIS field through the lens of Hip Hop including areas like computational neuroscience, copyright and data science. The research articles are complimented by: two reports from the field; a creative section, which includes three poems; and a book review of two hip hop themed texts
本文概述了《国际信息、多样性和包容性杂志》特刊的范围和意义,该特刊致力于探索嘻哈与图书馆和信息科学领域的交叉。共同客座编辑Kafi Kumasi和andr Brock描述了他们各自的研究轨迹,以帮助阐明嘻哈知识认识论的构成。这个问题表明,通过嘻哈的视角更好地理解LIS领域有许多强大的概念接入点,包括计算神经科学、版权和数据科学等领域。这些研究文章得到了以下方面的补充:两份来自该领域的报告;创作部分,包括三首诗;还有两篇关于嘻哈主题的书评
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引用次数: 1
Art of (Data) Storytelling (数据)讲故事的艺术
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.33137/ijidi.v6i1.37027
B. Lund
The extent to which data visualizations are used, and the quality of these visualizations, has consistently been shown to influence human decision-making relative to static (non-visual) presentations of findings or ideas (Boldosova & Luoto, 2019; El-Wakeel et al., 2020; Liem et al., 2020). Why are visualizations so impactful? Likely because most decision-makers do not want to sort through spreadsheets or read a novel-length narrative to understand what is important—they want it straight and quick. They want color, novelty, storytelling, and interactivity (Dykes, 2020; Kostelnick, 2016; Kosara & MacKinley, 2013). This is the purpose of data storytelling: to literally tell a story about the data analyses to, in some way, impart knowledge or affect change among the audience. Data and data analysis are never neutral—they are always political–and storytelling is how the data analyst can attempt to influence how data findings are perceived by the audience. This paper discusses the basis of data storytelling and why it is important for creating a narrative around data visualizations that compels readers and viewers to act upon findings. It then discusses (in the form of a reflective discussion) how the art of data storytelling may be improved and activated to promote social justice themes by reflecting on the effectiveness of storytelling in hip hop music.
数据可视化的使用程度和这些可视化的质量一直被证明会影响相对于静态(非视觉)展示发现或想法的人类决策(Boldosova & Luoto, 2019;El-Wakeel等人,2020;Liem et al., 2020)。为什么可视化如此有影响力?可能是因为大多数决策者不想通过电子表格或阅读小说长度的叙述来理解什么是重要的,他们想要直接和快速的信息。他们想要色彩、新奇、讲故事和互动性(Dykes, 2020;Kostelnick, 2016;Kosara & MacKinley, 2013)。这就是数据讲故事的目的:从字面上讲一个关于数据分析的故事,以某种方式在观众中传授知识或影响变化。数据和数据分析从来都不是中立的——它们总是政治性的——讲故事是数据分析师试图影响受众对数据发现的看法的方式。本文讨论了数据叙事的基础,以及为什么它对于围绕数据可视化创建叙事很重要,从而迫使读者和观众根据发现采取行动。然后讨论(以反思性讨论的形式)如何通过反思嘻哈音乐中讲故事的有效性来改进和激活数据讲故事的艺术,以促进社会正义主题。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
The International Journal of Information, Diversity, &amp; Inclusion (IJIDI)
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