Malassezia comprises lipophilic yeasts which are considered as commensals of the skin and become pathogenic under certain conditions. One hundred and forty-four specimens from clinically suspected cas¬es of pityriasis versicolor were collected and processed microbiologically. Malassezia sp. was identified phenotypically and MIC for common antifungal drugs was performed. Thirty-three percent of the collected specimens were culture positive for Malassezia sp. M. furfur (50%) is the commonest species isolated from pityriasis versicolor cases, followed by M. globosa (35.4%). The study observed low MICs for itraconazole and voriconazole. Itraconazole is the choice of drug for the treatment of Malassezia infection.
{"title":"Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Malassezia sp. Isolated from the North-East Region of India","authors":"E.K. Marak, Th.N. Singh, Kh.S. Devi, Y.R.B. Singh, Kh.R. Devi","doi":"10.59393/amb23390213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390213","url":null,"abstract":"Malassezia comprises lipophilic yeasts which are considered as commensals of the skin and become pathogenic under certain conditions. One hundred and forty-four specimens from clinically suspected cas¬es of pityriasis versicolor were collected and processed microbiologically. Malassezia sp. was identified phenotypically and MIC for common antifungal drugs was performed. Thirty-three percent of the collected specimens were culture positive for Malassezia sp. M. furfur (50%) is the commonest species isolated from pityriasis versicolor cases, followed by M. globosa (35.4%). The study observed low MICs for itraconazole and voriconazole. Itraconazole is the choice of drug for the treatment of Malassezia infection.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the antifungal activities of Sida acuta Burm. f. leaf extracts against fruit rot fungi of Annona muricata (sour sop) and the phytochemical constituent of the plant. Fruits of sour sop (A. muricata) and leaves of Sida acuta used for the study were collected from different locations within Abraka community, Delta State. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry analysis were carried out on the extract. Fungi causing rot of A. muricata was isolated and antifungal activities of S. acuta on isolated fungi was carried out using the poisoned food method. The result showed that both methanol and chloroform extracts of the plant contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroid, glycoside, alkaloid, anthraquinone, terpenoid, and reducing sugar. The GC-MS result revealed the presence of 20 compounds with 3-Trifluoromethylbenzylamine, N,N-diundecyl and L-Proline, N-(2-trif¬luoromethylbenzoyl)-, isohexyl ester as the most abundant in both methanolic and chloroform extracts. The study identified Rhizopus stolonifer as the fungi associated with the rot of A. muricata and showed that as the concentration of the extract increased, its antimicrobial activity was significantly higher in the organ¬isms. The phytochemical composition and antifungal effects make S. acuta leaf extract a potential agent for use against fungal infections in the future.
{"title":"Antifungal Activities of Sida acuta Burm. f. Leaf Extracts on the Fruit Rot Pathogen of Annona muricata L.","authors":"D.A. Ehwarieme, O.O. Whiliki","doi":"10.59393/amb23390212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390212","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the antifungal activities of Sida acuta Burm. f. leaf extracts against fruit rot fungi of Annona muricata (sour sop) and the phytochemical constituent of the plant. Fruits of sour sop (A. muricata) and leaves of Sida acuta used for the study were collected from different locations within Abraka community, Delta State. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry analysis were carried out on the extract. Fungi causing rot of A. muricata was isolated and antifungal activities of S. acuta on isolated fungi was carried out using the poisoned food method. The result showed that both methanol and chloroform extracts of the plant contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroid, glycoside, alkaloid, anthraquinone, terpenoid, and reducing sugar. The GC-MS result revealed the presence of 20 compounds with 3-Trifluoromethylbenzylamine, N,N-diundecyl and L-Proline, N-(2-trif¬luoromethylbenzoyl)-, isohexyl ester as the most abundant in both methanolic and chloroform extracts. The study identified Rhizopus stolonifer as the fungi associated with the rot of A. muricata and showed that as the concentration of the extract increased, its antimicrobial activity was significantly higher in the organ¬isms. The phytochemical composition and antifungal effects make S. acuta leaf extract a potential agent for use against fungal infections in the future.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes provides an underlying basis for the inability of the body to control infection. Candida albi¬cans has been reported to colonize and cause severe infections in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of virulence and antifungal resistance among C. albicans isolates from subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two hundred forty-five and one hundred non-repeat samples were collected from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively. Cultural and molecular methods were used to confirm the identity of C. albicans isolated from the urine, saliva, and wound samples of the subjects. The presence of virulence factors among the isolated C. albicans and their susceptibility to antifungals were detected using standard microbiological methods. Of the 345 subjects screened in this study, 123 (35.65%) were male, and 222 (64.35%) were female. The prevalence of Candida species was highest among subjects within the 31- 59 years age group. Candida species were recovered from 149 and 49 diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. Apart from C. albicans [n=112 (56.57%)], C. glabrata (n=46 [23.23%]), C. tropicalis [n=13 (6.57%)], and C. krusei [n=5 (2.53%)] also recovered from the subjects. In this study, non-albicans Can¬dida had a lower percentage of virulence factors than C. albicans. Most of the isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and nystatin. There was a correlation between diabetes and C. albicans infections. Candida albicans from diabetic patients were more resistant to the tested antifungals than those from non-diabetic subjects.
{"title":"Virulence Factors and Antifungal Resistance Pattern of Candida Species Isolated from Patients with Type Two Diabetes","authors":"O.M. David, T.O. Faloye, S.A. Dada, P.O. Adeola, J.B. Owabumoye, O. Famurewa","doi":"10.59393/amb23390210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390210","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes provides an underlying basis for the inability of the body to control infection. Candida albi¬cans has been reported to colonize and cause severe infections in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of virulence and antifungal resistance among C. albicans isolates from subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two hundred forty-five and one hundred non-repeat samples were collected from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, respectively. Cultural and molecular methods were used to confirm the identity of C. albicans isolated from the urine, saliva, and wound samples of the subjects. The presence of virulence factors among the isolated C. albicans and their susceptibility to antifungals were detected using standard microbiological methods. Of the 345 subjects screened in this study, 123 (35.65%) were male, and 222 (64.35%) were female. The prevalence of Candida species was highest among subjects within the 31- 59 years age group. Candida species were recovered from 149 and 49 diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. Apart from C. albicans [n=112 (56.57%)], C. glabrata (n=46 [23.23%]), C. tropicalis [n=13 (6.57%)], and C. krusei [n=5 (2.53%)] also recovered from the subjects. In this study, non-albicans Can¬dida had a lower percentage of virulence factors than C. albicans. Most of the isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and nystatin. There was a correlation between diabetes and C. albicans infections. Candida albicans from diabetic patients were more resistant to the tested antifungals than those from non-diabetic subjects.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nikolov, L. Dobreva, S. Danova, J. Miteva-Staleva, E. Krumova, V. Rashev, N. Vilhelmova-Ilieva
The present review summarizes research on the antimicrobial properties of modified natural zeo¬lite clinoptilolite. The modification of the clinoptilolites is based on its ion exchange features with silver, copper, zinc, or other ions in order to obtain antimicrobial properties. The review includes recent data on pretreatment and preconditioning to increase the effectiveness of ion exchange procedures and obtain a functionalized zeolite. The review covers antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity materials based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite.
{"title":"Natural and Modified Zeolite Clinoptilolite with Antimicrobial Properties: a Review","authors":"A. Nikolov, L. Dobreva, S. Danova, J. Miteva-Staleva, E. Krumova, V. Rashev, N. Vilhelmova-Ilieva","doi":"10.59393/amb23390207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390207","url":null,"abstract":"The present review summarizes research on the antimicrobial properties of modified natural zeo¬lite clinoptilolite. The modification of the clinoptilolites is based on its ion exchange features with silver, copper, zinc, or other ions in order to obtain antimicrobial properties. The review includes recent data on pretreatment and preconditioning to increase the effectiveness of ion exchange procedures and obtain a functionalized zeolite. The review covers antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity materials based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still very much regarded as a global health challenge recording morbidity close to half a million annually. Special attention has been given to Plasmodium due to this high rate of morbidity. The steps taken towards control have produced a considerable result. Some of these steps are aimed at controlling the vector hosting P. falciparum or a nib in the bud during the several stages of P. falciparum invasion in humans. These controls include effective antimalarials, the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign, and vaccine. Several vaccines have been tested but none came close in success to the recent vaccine (RTS, S/AS01) which was approved for pilot implementa¬tion program in three African countries in 2015. However, despite the success recorded, this vaccine has its limitations, which include low efficacy in certain age groups, poor immunogenicity, and the need for sev¬eral booster doses to achieve reasonable effectiveness. With this in mind, an intentional search for a more effective vaccine is still ongoing and an understanding of naturally acquired immune responses would help in vaccine design. This review put together what is currently known about P. falciparum and the immune responses against malaria.
{"title":"The Immunology of Malaria: А Review","authors":"I.J. Falade, O.N. Simeon","doi":"10.59393/amb23390205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390205","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum malaria is still very much regarded as a global health challenge recording morbidity close to half a million annually. Special attention has been given to Plasmodium due to this high rate of morbidity. The steps taken towards control have produced a considerable result. Some of these steps are aimed at controlling the vector hosting P. falciparum or a nib in the bud during the several stages of P. falciparum invasion in humans. These controls include effective antimalarials, the use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaign, and vaccine. Several vaccines have been tested but none came close in success to the recent vaccine (RTS, S/AS01) which was approved for pilot implementa¬tion program in three African countries in 2015. However, despite the success recorded, this vaccine has its limitations, which include low efficacy in certain age groups, poor immunogenicity, and the need for sev¬eral booster doses to achieve reasonable effectiveness. With this in mind, an intentional search for a more effective vaccine is still ongoing and an understanding of naturally acquired immune responses would help in vaccine design. This review put together what is currently known about P. falciparum and the immune responses against malaria.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 550 million individuals have been affected by the devastating COVID-19 epidemic, claim¬ing more than 6.3 million lives worldwide. Secondary bacterial or fungal infections are one of the signifi¬cant manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. This mini review aims to understand the current status of secondary bacterial or fungal infections in COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of secondary bacterial or fungal infections or co-infections is one of the significant factors influencing mortality among COVID-19 patients. Secondary infections are caused by various bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. and Mucormycetes. Anti-microbial treatment is more challenging in COVID-19 pandemic because multidrug-resistant organisms cause most secondary microbial infections. The continuous monitoring of the prevalence and emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and rational use of antibiotics are warranted during pandemic times.
{"title":"Current Status of COVID-19-Associated Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infection: A Mini Review","authors":"D. Jayakumar, P. Kumar, M. Mini, S. Khan","doi":"10.59393/amb23390201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390201","url":null,"abstract":"More than 550 million individuals have been affected by the devastating COVID-19 epidemic, claim¬ing more than 6.3 million lives worldwide. Secondary bacterial or fungal infections are one of the signifi¬cant manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia. This mini review aims to understand the current status of secondary bacterial or fungal infections in COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of secondary bacterial or fungal infections or co-infections is one of the significant factors influencing mortality among COVID-19 patients. Secondary infections are caused by various bacterial and fungal pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp. and Mucormycetes. Anti-microbial treatment is more challenging in COVID-19 pandemic because multidrug-resistant organisms cause most secondary microbial infections. The continuous monitoring of the prevalence and emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and rational use of antibiotics are warranted during pandemic times.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135145301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yersinia enterocolitica is a significant zoonotic pathogen that poses a considerable threat to both animal and human health. This review paper aims to summarize and critically evaluate current knowledge on the isolation, pathogenicity, and prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in farms dedicated to the production of slaughtered pigs. Isolation of Y. enterocolitica from various sources, including porcine tonsils, feces, and mesenteric lymph nodes, is essential for understanding prevalence and transmission dynamics. The different isolation methods and their advantages and limitations in detecting the pathogen are explored, highlighting the challenges associated with its detection. We examine the role of specific virulence factors, in the ability of Y. enterocolitica to colonize and cause disease in humans. Additionally, this review provides a compre¬hensive analysis of factors influencing the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in farms for slaughtered pigs. The review highlights the need for standardized surveillance strategies to accurately assess the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in swine populations, ensuring effective control and prevention measures. In conclusion, the findings presented here underscore the importance of Y. enterocolitica as an emergent pathogen as well as implementing comprehensive surveillance programs, adopting effective control measures, and promoting awareness among stakeholders to mitigate the risk associated with Y. enterocolitica infection in both ani¬mals and humans.
{"title":"Yersinia enterocolitica - Isolation, Pathogenicity, and Prevalence in Farms for Slaughtered Pigs","authors":"M. Angelovska, M.M. Zaharieva, H. Najdenski","doi":"10.59393/amb23390204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390204","url":null,"abstract":"Yersinia enterocolitica is a significant zoonotic pathogen that poses a considerable threat to both animal and human health. This review paper aims to summarize and critically evaluate current knowledge on the isolation, pathogenicity, and prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in farms dedicated to the production of slaughtered pigs. Isolation of Y. enterocolitica from various sources, including porcine tonsils, feces, and mesenteric lymph nodes, is essential for understanding prevalence and transmission dynamics. The different isolation methods and their advantages and limitations in detecting the pathogen are explored, highlighting the challenges associated with its detection. We examine the role of specific virulence factors, in the ability of Y. enterocolitica to colonize and cause disease in humans. Additionally, this review provides a compre¬hensive analysis of factors influencing the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in farms for slaughtered pigs. The review highlights the need for standardized surveillance strategies to accurately assess the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in swine populations, ensuring effective control and prevention measures. In conclusion, the findings presented here underscore the importance of Y. enterocolitica as an emergent pathogen as well as implementing comprehensive surveillance programs, adopting effective control measures, and promoting awareness among stakeholders to mitigate the risk associated with Y. enterocolitica infection in both ani¬mals and humans.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Rezaee, R. Goodarzi, S. Bakhtiari, F.T. Asadi, N. Ansari
The number of people affected by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues to rise. In SARS-CoV-2, over-infection with bacteria or fungi appears to be associated with increased mortality. The role of co-infections with respiratory viral pathogens is not clear yet. This report aims to present a case of a patient with lung cancer experiencing respiratory distress symptoms to investigate the presence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Here we report COVID-19 in a lung cancer patient (72-year-old woman) with secondary immune deficiency and concurrent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) with multiplex qRT-PCR kit and chest CT scan was done for her. Upon clinical evaluation, respiratory virus infection was suspected, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and chest CT scan. After confirmation, the management, based on anti-tuberculosis therapy was started. The case emphasizes the benefits of diagnosis of respiratory virus infection and treatment to prevent severe consequences in the lung cancer patient.
{"title":"Co-Infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in a Lung Cancer Patient: A Case Report","authors":"D. Rezaee, R. Goodarzi, S. Bakhtiari, F.T. Asadi, N. Ansari","doi":"10.59393/amb23390214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390214","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people affected by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus continues to rise. In SARS-CoV-2, over-infection with bacteria or fungi appears to be associated with increased mortality. The role of co-infections with respiratory viral pathogens is not clear yet. This report aims to present a case of a patient with lung cancer experiencing respiratory distress symptoms to investigate the presence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Here we report COVID-19 in a lung cancer patient (72-year-old woman) with secondary immune deficiency and concurrent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) with multiplex qRT-PCR kit and chest CT scan was done for her. Upon clinical evaluation, respiratory virus infection was suspected, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR and chest CT scan. After confirmation, the management, based on anti-tuberculosis therapy was started. The case emphasizes the benefits of diagnosis of respiratory virus infection and treatment to prevent severe consequences in the lung cancer patient.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Asnaashari, F. Heshmati-Afshar, N. Amin-Aghdam, P. Asgharian, S. Hallaj-Nezhadi
The use of medicinal plants for the natural treatment of infections has received much attention. Pre¬viously, plants of Nepeta, Phlomis, and Abutilon genera showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of three Iranian plants including Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr., Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh., and Phlomis tuberosa (L.) Moench. Aerial parts of the plants were extracted by the maceration method using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtAc), and methanol solvents. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against seven Gram-positive strains and three Gram-neg-ative strains was studied via the disk diffusion method. Potent extracts were fractionated and diameters of the inhibition zone (DIZ) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined. The chloroform extract of N. transcaucasica and EtAc extract of A. fruticosum were the most active extracts. Staphylococ¬cus aureus, was the most sensitive strain to N. transcaucasica (DIZ=17 mm, MIC=3.125 mg/ml), whereas S. epidermidis (DIZ=15 mm, MIC=1.56 mg/ml), and Bacillus subtilis (DIZ=13mm, MIC=0.39 mg/ml) were the most sensitive bacteria to A. fruticosum. Fractions of 40% and 60% EtAc/n-hexane of chloroform extract of N. transcaucasica and fractions of 40%-100% of EtAc extract of A. fruticusum revealed the potent activities. B. cereus was “very sensitive” to 60%-100% fractions of chloroform extract of N. trans¬caucasica (DIZ=16–19 mm, MIC=12.5 mg/ml). S. pneumoniae was “extremely” (DIZ=20 mm) sensitive to the 60% Ethyl acetate fraction of A. fruticosum and noticeably, their antimicrobial effects were greater than that of the standard antibiotic. The results support some of the traditional applications of the studied plants.
利用药用植物自然治疗感染已受到广泛关注。在此之前，Nepeta属、Phlomis属和Abutilon属植物都表现出了显著的抑菌活性。本研究旨在评价包括Abutilon fruticosum Guill在内的三种伊朗植物的抗菌作用。,穗青葱。外高加索尼佩塔。和结核杆菌(L.)。Moench。用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯(EtAc)和甲醇溶剂浸渍法提取植物的地上部分。采用纸片扩散法对7株革兰氏阳性菌和3株革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。对有效提取物进行分馏，测定其抑菌带直径和最小抑菌浓度。外高加索三氯甲烷提取液和枇杷叶乙酸乙酯提取液活性最强。金黄色葡萄球菌对外高加索葡萄球菌(DIZ=17 mm, MIC=3.125 mg/ml)最敏感，表皮葡萄球菌(DIZ=15 mm, MIC=1.56 mg/ml)和枯草芽孢杆菌(DIZ=13mm, MIC=0.39 mg/ml)对果实葡萄球菌最敏感。外高加索三氯甲烷提取液中40%和60%的乙酸乙酯/正己烷含量和40% ~ 100%的木香乙酸乙酯含量显示出较强的活性。蜡样芽孢杆菌对60% ~ 100%的泛高加索白参氯仿提取物(DIZ=16 ~ 19 mm, MIC=12.5 mg/ml)“非常敏感”。肺炎链球菌对枸杞60%乙酸乙酯部位“极”(DIZ=20 mm)敏感，抑菌效果明显优于标准抗生素。研究结果支持了所研究植物的一些传统应用。
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Different Extracts from Phlomis tuberosa, Abutilon fruticosum, and Nepeta transcaucasica","authors":"S. Asnaashari, F. Heshmati-Afshar, N. Amin-Aghdam, P. Asgharian, S. Hallaj-Nezhadi","doi":"10.59393/amb23390211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390211","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants for the natural treatment of infections has received much attention. Pre¬viously, plants of Nepeta, Phlomis, and Abutilon genera showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of three Iranian plants including Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr., Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh., and Phlomis tuberosa (L.) Moench. Aerial parts of the plants were extracted by the maceration method using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EtAc), and methanol solvents. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against seven Gram-positive strains and three Gram-neg-ative strains was studied via the disk diffusion method. Potent extracts were fractionated and diameters of the inhibition zone (DIZ) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined. The chloroform extract of N. transcaucasica and EtAc extract of A. fruticosum were the most active extracts. Staphylococ¬cus aureus, was the most sensitive strain to N. transcaucasica (DIZ=17 mm, MIC=3.125 mg/ml), whereas S. epidermidis (DIZ=15 mm, MIC=1.56 mg/ml), and Bacillus subtilis (DIZ=13mm, MIC=0.39 mg/ml) were the most sensitive bacteria to A. fruticosum. Fractions of 40% and 60% EtAc/n-hexane of chloroform extract of N. transcaucasica and fractions of 40%-100% of EtAc extract of A. fruticusum revealed the potent activities. B. cereus was “very sensitive” to 60%-100% fractions of chloroform extract of N. trans¬caucasica (DIZ=16–19 mm, MIC=12.5 mg/ml). S. pneumoniae was “extremely” (DIZ=20 mm) sensitive to the 60% Ethyl acetate fraction of A. fruticosum and noticeably, their antimicrobial effects were greater than that of the standard antibiotic. The results support some of the traditional applications of the studied plants.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hossainpour, S. Bakhtiari, F. Moradi, M.S. Alikhani, R.Y. Mashouf, M.M. Ari, A. Alvandi, M. Karami, S. Rabiee, M.Y. Alikhani
Mycoplasma hominis as one of the etiologic agents of non-gonococcal urethritis in women should be identified for early treatment that led to the patient does not suffer from serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. With regard to the importance of M. hominis in genitourinary diseases, is required for the choice of the appropriate, reliable, simple, and repeatable laboratory assay for diagnosis. The focus of this study was to investigate 16srRNA-based LAMP assay for the identification of M. hominis from vaginal swabs in comparison with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The eighty vaginal swabs were taken and analyzed by cultures, qPCR, and LAMP assay. Totally, 13 (16.3%), 14 (17.5%), and 25 (31.3%) samples were positive for M. hominis by culture, qPCR, and LAMP assay, respectively. The results indicate a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 83.3%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, and a Positive predictive value (PPV) of 56% of the developed LAMP assays. According to the result, the LAMP assay is significantly more specific, and sensitive than both qPCR and culture methods for diagnosis of M. hominis.
{"title":"Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycoplasma hominis in Vaginal Samples in Comparison with Real Time PCR","authors":"H. Hossainpour, S. Bakhtiari, F. Moradi, M.S. Alikhani, R.Y. Mashouf, M.M. Ari, A. Alvandi, M. Karami, S. Rabiee, M.Y. Alikhani","doi":"10.59393/amb23390209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59393/amb23390209","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasma hominis as one of the etiologic agents of non-gonococcal urethritis in women should be identified for early treatment that led to the patient does not suffer from serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. With regard to the importance of M. hominis in genitourinary diseases, is required for the choice of the appropriate, reliable, simple, and repeatable laboratory assay for diagnosis. The focus of this study was to investigate 16srRNA-based LAMP assay for the identification of M. hominis from vaginal swabs in comparison with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The eighty vaginal swabs were taken and analyzed by cultures, qPCR, and LAMP assay. Totally, 13 (16.3%), 14 (17.5%), and 25 (31.3%) samples were positive for M. hominis by culture, qPCR, and LAMP assay, respectively. The results indicate a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 83.3%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, and a Positive predictive value (PPV) of 56% of the developed LAMP assays. According to the result, the LAMP assay is significantly more specific, and sensitive than both qPCR and culture methods for diagnosis of M. hominis.","PeriodicalId":35526,"journal":{"name":"Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135144764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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