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Artificial Intelligence Applications in Civil/Construction/Architectural Engineering Education 人工智能在土木/建筑/建筑工程教育中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38488
M. Haque
It is increasingly important to go beyond traditional departmental course curriculum boundaries for some areas of science and engineering education. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one such field; its applications are very extensive and interdisciplinary. The graduate students should especially be encouraged to learn various applications of contemporary computing techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), etc. Civil/construction/ architectural Engineering has exercised a rapidly growing interest in the application of neurally inspired computing techniques. The motive for this interest was the promises of certain information processing characteristics similar to those of the human brain. Soft computing (SC) is an emerging approach to computing, which parallels to remarkable ability of the human mind to reason and learn in an environment of certainty and precision. This paper highlights various applications of AI in civil/construction/architectural engineering especially in SC areas. As an example of a graduate project, this paper demonstrated an ANN and GA based knowledge model where the customer’s preferences regarding comfort and safety issues in a large residential multistory flat housing scheme was studied. Architecture/engineering is an applied science where many lessons can be learned from existing structures, their successes and failures, and incorporating them to find out new techniques for a better structure. This implies that the designer should be able to derive from each previous design some qualitative values, especially on user’s approval regarding building’s safety and comfort quality as to assure a successful design. Architects/design engineers are quite often challenged with soft data, which are linguistic qualitative in nature, and needed to interpret and integrate into their design decision making processes. They should know much about their customer’s desires and requirements, and especially customer’s preferences when it comes to specific design issues. Hence, post-Proceedings This paper highlights various applications of AI through an example and referring other research papers. As an example of a graduate project, this paper demonstrated an ANN and GA based knowledge model regarding comfort and safety issues in a large residential multistory flat housing complex. Through post occupancy of building evaluation, the builders/designers able to assess what elements exceed customers’ expectations and are important in repeating in future projects, as well as the elements that fall short of expectations and may require modification for the next projects. During this process, designers are challenged with soft data, which are linguistic qualitative in nature, and needed to interpret and integrate into their design decision making processes. This paper demonstrated an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based knowledge model of customer’s preferences regarding comfort and safet
在理工科教育的某些领域,突破传统的院系课程设置界限显得越来越重要。人工智能(AI)就是这样一个领域;它的应用是非常广泛和跨学科的。尤其应鼓励研究生学习各种当代计算技术的应用,包括人工神经网络(ANN)、遗传算法(GA)等。土木/建筑/建筑工程对神经启发计算技术的应用产生了迅速增长的兴趣。这种兴趣的动机是对某些类似于人类大脑的信息处理特征的承诺。软计算(SC)是一种新兴的计算方法,它与人类思维在确定和精确的环境中进行推理和学习的非凡能力相似。本文重点介绍了人工智能在土木/建筑/建筑工程中的各种应用,特别是在SC领域。作为一个研究生项目的例子,本文展示了一个基于人工神经网络和遗传算法的知识模型,该模型研究了大型住宅多层住宅方案中客户对舒适和安全问题的偏好。建筑/工程是一门应用科学,可以从现有的结构、它们的成功和失败中学到许多经验教训,并将它们结合起来,找到更好的结构的新技术。这意味着设计师应该能够从以前的每一个设计中获得一些定性的价值,特别是用户对建筑安全和舒适质量的认可,以确保设计的成功。建筑师/设计工程师经常面临软数据的挑战,这些软数据本质上是语言定性的,需要解释并整合到他们的设计决策过程中。他们应该非常了解客户的愿望和需求,特别是当涉及到具体的设计问题时,客户的偏好。因此,本文通过一个例子和参考其他研究论文来强调人工智能的各种应用。作为一个研究生项目的实例,本文展示了一个基于人工神经网络和遗传算法的大型多层住宅小区的舒适性和安全性问题的知识模型。通过入住后的建筑评估,建筑商/设计师能够评估哪些元素超出了客户的期望,在未来的项目中重复是重要的,以及哪些元素没有达到预期,可能需要在下一个项目中进行修改。在这个过程中,设计师面临着软数据的挑战,这些软数据本质上是语言定性的,需要将其解释并整合到他们的设计决策过程中。提出了一种基于人工神经网络(ANN)和遗传算法(GA)的大型多层住宅方案客户舒适度和安全性偏好知识模型。以结构化问卷的形式收集有关舒适性和安全性问题的数据。用五分制来描述每个问题从最小到最大的重要性范围。一般回归神经网络(GRNN)模型进行了训练和评估,以确定每个问题的最佳代表性回答。将涉及安全性和舒适性的各种问题的问卷分成不同的分组进行遗传算法优化,并创建不同的场景来提高所研究的住宅综合体的安全性和舒适性。结果表明,人工神经网络和遗传算法在处理定性数据、分析、解释并最终将其整合为完善的建筑设计知识模型方面具有出色的能力。
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引用次数: 0
A FIVE-YEAR DEGREE PROGRAM LEADING TO A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY AND A MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 五年制学位课程,可获得生物学学士学位和生物医学工程硕士学位
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38480
C. Chuong, K. Nelson, K. Behbehani, R. Eberhart
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引用次数: 0
Designing Telemetric Data Acquisition System For Clinical Studies 临床研究遥测数据采集系统设计
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38460
K. Rawat, G. Massiha
This paper presents a systematic approach to design a PC-based telemetric data acquisition system for clinical studies. This involves understanding signal characteristics, signal pick-up devices, mechanism to transfer signal telemetrically, and other data acquisition hardware components. Most of the clinical studies involve capturing and processing biological signals like cough, sneeze, snore, and pain. A PC-based telemetric data acquisition could be an excellent solution for monitoring and analyzing these signals, which help in quantifying the effect of a particular drug used in a clinical study.
本文提出了一种系统的方法来设计一个基于pc机的临床研究遥测数据采集系统。这包括理解信号特性、信号采集设备、信号遥测传输机制和其他数据采集硬件组件。大多数临床研究都涉及捕捉和处理咳嗽、打喷嚏、打鼾和疼痛等生物信号。基于pc的遥测数据采集可能是监测和分析这些信号的极好解决方案,这有助于量化临床研究中使用的特定药物的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Sleep Management: A Frontier for Improved Academic Performance 睡眠管理:提高学习成绩的前沿
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38486
J. M. Gregory, Xuepeng Xie, S. Mengel
Student safety, both in driving and academic performance, depends on successful sleep management. Usually driving and learning through lectures and reading are passive or low stimulation activities. Therefore, they are highly sensitive to the accumulation of sleep debt. In November 2002 on Channel 11 News in Lubbock, Texas, it was reported that driving with 18 hours of sleep debt was equal to driving with 0.05 percent blood alcohol. The authors of this paper have developed a web-based interactive human performance sleep simulation model that considers inputs of sleep, alcohol, and caffeine to predict both active and passive performance efficiencies. A direct application can be made to predict active and passive learning. This simulation tool predicted a drop of about 55 percent in passive performance efficiency for both 0.05 percent blood alcohol and 18 hours of sleep debt. The simulation gives an 80 percent drop in efficiency for the combination of 0.05 percent blood alcohol and 18 hours of sleep debt. This paper will include information about the development and use of this model to improve student academic performance.
学生的安全,无论是驾驶还是学习成绩,都取决于成功的睡眠管理。通常开车和通过讲座和阅读学习是被动的或低刺激的活动。因此,他们对睡眠债的积累非常敏感。2002年11月,德克萨斯州拉伯克的第11频道新闻报道,18小时睡眠不足的驾驶相当于0.05%血液酒精含量的驾驶。本文的作者开发了一个基于网络的交互式人类表现睡眠模拟模型,该模型考虑了睡眠、酒精和咖啡因的输入,以预测主动和被动的表现效率。可以直接应用于预测主动学习和被动学习。该模拟工具预测,血液酒精含量为0.05%,睡眠时间为18小时的人,被动工作效率下降约55%。模拟显示,血液酒精含量为0.05%,睡眠不足18小时,效率会下降80%。本文将包括关于开发和使用该模型来提高学生学习成绩的信息。
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引用次数: 2
Characterization of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Polysilicon Surface Micromachined Electrothermal Actuators 对称和非对称多晶硅表面微机械电热致动器的表征
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38506
W. Odom, E. Kolesar
Several electrically-driven microactuators have been investigated for positioning individual elements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The most common modes of actuation are electrostatic, magnetostatic, piezoelectric and thermal expansion. Unfortunately, the forces produced by electrostatic and magnetostatic actuators tend to be small, and to achieve large displacements, it is necessary to either apply a large voltage or operate the devices in a resonant mode. On the other hand, piezoelectric and thermal expansion actuators can be configured to produce large forces and large displacements. However, piezoelectric materials are not routinely supported in the fabrication processes offered by commercial MEMS foundries. These limitations have focused attention on thermally-actuated devices for generating the large forces and displacements frequently required to position and assemble complex MEMS. This investigation reports a new polysilicon electrothermal actuator design. In the traditional electrothermal actuator design, the single-hot arm is narrower than the cold arm, and thus, the electrical resistance of the hot arm is greater. When electrical current passes through the device (both the hot and cold arms), the hot arm is heated to a higher temperature than the cold arm. This temperature differential causes the hot arm to expand along its length, thus forcing the tip of the device to rotate about the flexure. The new double-hot arm thermal actuator design eliminates the parasitic electrical resistance of the cold arm by incorporating an additional hot arm. The second hot arm results in an improvement in electromechanical efficiency by providing a return current conductor that is also mechanically-active. Furthermore, in the new electrothermal actuator design, the rotating cold arm can have a narrower flexure compared to the flexure in the traditional device because it no longer needs to conduct an electrical current. The thinner flexure results in an improvement in mechanical efficiency. This research compares the performance of the single- and double-hot arm electrothermal actuator designs. Force and deflection measurements of both actuator designs as a function of arm length and applied electrical power are presented. The electrothermal actuator designs were accomplished with the MEMSPro ® software program, and they were fabricated using the MEMSCAP Integrated Microsystems Multi-User Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Process ® (MUMPs) foundry at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). development of integrated circuit microsensors, micromachining techniques applied to laser absorbers, advanced multi-chip module packaging technologies, solid-state gas chromatography systems, microelectromechanical systems
在微机电系统(MEMS)中,研究了几种电驱动微致动器用于定位单个元件。最常见的驱动方式是静电、静磁、压电和热膨胀。不幸的是,静电和静磁致动器产生的力往往很小,要实现大位移,就必须施加大电压或在谐振模式下操作器件。另一方面,压电和热膨胀驱动器可以配置为产生大的力和大的位移。然而,在商业MEMS代工厂提供的制造过程中,通常不支持压电材料。这些限制将人们的注意力集中在热致动器件上,因为热致动器件通常需要产生大的力和位移来定位和组装复杂的MEMS。本文报道了一种新型多晶硅电热致动器的设计。在传统的电热执行器设计中,单热臂比冷臂窄,因此,热臂的电阻更大。当电流通过设备时(热臂和冷臂),热臂被加热到比冷臂更高的温度。这种温差导致热臂沿其长度扩展,从而迫使设备的尖端绕弯曲旋转。新的双热臂热致动器设计通过合并额外的热臂消除了冷臂的寄生电阻。第二个热臂通过提供同样具有机械活性的回流电流导体,从而提高了机电效率。此外,在新的电热执行器设计中,由于不再需要传导电流,旋转冷臂的挠度比传统装置中的挠度更窄。较薄的挠度导致机械效率的提高。本研究比较了单热臂和双热臂电致动器设计的性能。给出了两种致动器设计的力和挠度测量作为臂长和施加的电力的函数。电热致动器的设计是用MEMSPro®软件程序完成的,它们是在北卡罗来纳州微电子中心(MCNC)的MEMSCAP集成微系统多用户微机电系统(MEMS)工艺®(MUMPs)铸造厂制造的。集成电路微传感器的发展,应用于激光吸收器的微加工技术,先进的多芯片模块封装技术,固态气相色谱系统,微机电系统
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引用次数: 1
MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN BUILDING ENERGY SYSTEMS OPTION 建筑能源系统工程硕士学位
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38478
Chu-Chen Chen, C. Huang
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引用次数: 0
A First Attempt at Introducing Problem-Based Learning in an Engineering Dynamics Course 在工程动力学课程中引入基于问题的学习的首次尝试
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38499
T. Khraishi
The engineering education literature, and other literature, is rich with references to the importance of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing the educational experience of undergraduate students. In particular, PBL is supposed to strengthen concept learning in students. Such belief motivated the author to experiment with PBL in a required Dynamics class in the mechanical engineering (ME) department at the University of New Mexico (UNM). Due to the overall size of UNM and its mission, such a class typically involves a relatively large number of students (more than 40 typically). Such an enrollment figure encouraged the PBL experiment further since more interaction among students, or student groups, is probable and at least possible. The author found out that the most difficult part in the PBL experiment was picking one. The other thing found was that an extensive amount of effort went into making the experiment a successful one. The PBL experiment consisted of asking student groups to design an apparatus of some sort that is capable of shooting a golf ball in the air such that it lands in the middle of a sand-filled box at least one meter away. It was vital for the students to build their designs based on concepts learned in their Dynamics class and to explain, by equations, how their design works. The problem statement, as can be inferred, was open-ended and generated a spectrum of response from the students, i.e. different designs of the apparatus. A demonstration of all designs was held at the end of the semester. Although the students’ learning, at least some of them, was enhanced by this experiment, the results did not prove to be as optimistic as initially hoped. Many students made major assumptions, namely neglecting friction in the workenergy equation, without verifying that such an assumption was a good or bad one. Indeed, this assumption turned out to be a bad one for some of the designs. Other problems arose when some groups tried to use a spring mechanism to initiate ball flight. This and other issues like what lessons were learned from this experiment are discussed in the paper.
工程教育文献和其他文献都大量提及基于问题的学习(PBL)在提高本科学生教育体验方面的重要性。PBL尤其要加强学生的概念学习。这种信念促使作者在新墨西哥大学(UNM)机械工程(ME)系的动力学必修课程中实验PBL。由于新墨西哥大学的总体规模及其使命,这样的班级通常涉及相对较多的学生(通常超过40人)。这样的注册数字进一步鼓励了PBL实验,因为学生或学生群体之间的更多互动是可能的,至少是可能的。笔者发现在PBL实验中最困难的部分是选择一个。另一件事是,为了使实验成功,人们付出了大量的努力。PBL实验包括要求学生小组设计某种能够在空中射击高尔夫球的装置,使其落在至少一米外的一个装满沙子的盒子中间。对于学生来说,基于他们在动力学课上学到的概念来构建他们的设计,并通过方程来解释他们的设计是如何工作的,这是至关重要的。可以推断,问题陈述是开放式的,并产生了学生的一系列反应,即不同的仪器设计。在学期末举行了所有设计的演示。虽然学生的学习,至少他们中的一些人,通过这个实验得到了提高,但结果并不像最初希望的那样乐观。许多学生做出了重大假设,即忽略了功能方程中的摩擦,而没有验证这种假设是好是坏。事实上,对于某些设计来说,这个假设是错误的。当一些团体试图使用弹簧装置启动球的飞行时,其他问题也出现了。本文讨论了这个问题以及从这个实验中学到什么教训等问题。
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引用次数: 1
Developing a Nano-electronic fabrication Laboratory to enthuse Entrepreneurship 发展纳米电子制造实验室以激发企业家精神
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38473
P. Bhattacharya
Manifestations of the famous bathtub curve effect have shown that in the field of electronics, miniaturization makes the cost of electronic technology reduce dramatically. In the first few years, on the introduction of a new technology, it costs more than usual till when it gets into a manufacturing phase, and after that again cost goes up due to its obsolescence, whence further miniaturization has to set in. Financing is very different in the field of nano-engineering and difficult for an entrepreneur, as the financier or the funding agency wants to see what is the end product, after seeing what is going on. The lack of nano-engineering education-so called design fundamentals; knowledge of design tools and manufacturing processes is one of the major drawbacks. To add to it there is a lack of depository knowledge and infrastructure for selection of microfabrication processes and assembly. These deficiencies can be met, if during graduation from an undergraduate or a masters program, a broad based knowledge of nano-electronic fabrication technique is provided. This paper sets the limits and gives an overview of such a laboratory for a nano-technology research and infrastructure. This education can develop a technician-training program and ultimately leads to the capabilities of building proto-type pilot projects. Since upcoming initiatives are so demanding, newer systems prevent professors to form a company or participate with new entrepreneurs. One of the greatest examples is the long-standing demand of interconnections to nano-electronic components. Giving the right training and objectivity, a new generation of entrepreneurs can be enthused amongst our students. This would help our State develop fundamental research in nano-technology. Our effort of building a nano-engineering laboratory is to develop novel integrated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor-CMOS gas sensors, SOI inertial sensors and piezoelectric tactile sensors based on piezo-resonance. The equipment proposed will be finally used for nano-interconnect technology
著名的浴缸曲线效应的表现表明,在电子领域,小型化使电子技术的成本大大降低。在引进一项新技术的最初几年里,它的成本比通常要高,直到它进入制造阶段,在那之后,由于它的过时,成本再次上升,因此必须进一步小型化。在纳米工程领域,融资是非常不同的,而且对企业家来说很困难,因为金融家或资助机构在看到正在发生的事情之后,想要看到最终产品是什么。缺乏纳米工程教育——所谓的设计基础;对设计工具和制造过程的了解是主要的缺点之一。此外,还缺乏选择微加工工艺和组装的储备知识和基础设施。如果在本科或硕士课程毕业时,提供纳米电子制造技术的广泛基础知识,则可以满足这些不足。本文设定了限制,并概述了这种用于纳米技术研究和基础设施的实验室。这种教育可以发展为技术人员培训计划,并最终导致建立原型试点项目的能力。由于即将推出的项目要求太高,较新的系统会阻止教授成立公司或与新企业家合作。其中一个最大的例子是纳米电子元件对互连的长期需求。给予正确的培训和客观的态度,新一代的企业家可以在我们的学生中充满热情。这将有助于我国发展纳米技术的基础研究。我们致力于建立纳米工程实验室,开发基于压电谐振的新型集成互补金属氧化物半导体- cmos气体传感器、SOI惯性传感器和压电触觉传感器。所提出的设备最终将用于纳米互连技术
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引用次数: 0
Collaborating to Build a Teaching Certification in Engineering 合作建立工程教学认证
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38483
J. Gerlach, B. Carroll
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引用次数: 1
An Extension Service Approach to Industry-Sponsored Senior Design Projects 行业赞助的高级设计项目的延伸服务方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.18260/1-2-620-38477
T. Chambers, W. Simon
The Mechanical Engineering (MCHE) Department at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette) has recently made the commitment to focus its Senior Design course more toward solving real-world engineering design problems for local industry through the Manufacturing Extension Partnership of Louisiana (MEPoL), rather than toward entering design competitions. The benefit of this change is that the students get a more realistic design experience while local industry gets the engineering support that it needs to be more competitive. During the Fall 2002 semester, MCHE students from UL Lafayette began working on two assembly-line automation projects for MEPoL clients. This paper describes the progress made and the challenges encountered as this transition from design competition to real-world projects has taken place, and focuses on the benefits of using an extension service as a vehicle for industry-sponsored projects. researchers projects 4,5,6 , little said those is of this paper.
路易斯安那大学拉斐特分校(UL Lafayette)的机械工程(MCHE)系最近做出承诺,将其高级设计课程的重点放在通过路易斯安那州制造业扩展合作伙伴关系(MEPoL)为当地工业解决现实世界的工程设计问题上,而不是参加设计竞赛。这一变化的好处是,学生们获得了更现实的设计体验,而当地工业得到了更有竞争力的工程支持。在2002年秋季学期,来自ullafayette的MCHE学生开始为MEPoL客户进行两个装配线自动化项目的工作。本文描述了从设计竞赛到实际项目的转变过程中所取得的进展和遇到的挑战,并重点介绍了使用扩展服务作为行业赞助项目的工具的好处。研究人员项目4、5、6,很少有人说这些是本论文的内容。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2003 GSW Proceedings
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