Breastfeeding Review最新文献

Presence of blood in the breastmilk renders a rusty or brownish colour to it; this entity is known as "rusty pipe syndrome". Although this is a self-limiting condition, it can be particularly intimidating for mothers and may act as a psychological barrier to successful breastfeeding. We describe this entity in two mothers who had spontaneous blood-stained breastmilk from both breasts in the early post-partum period and were worried about feeding their infants. Subsequent to proper counselling with the use of skills like active listening, accepting their concerns, building confidence by providing relevant information in simple language and by giving suggestions and avoiding commands, both mothers were able to successfully breastfeed their offspring.

Unlabelled: More than 90% of all children 2-6 years of age attend preschool in Sweden. The aim of this study is to increase our understanding of how mothers who breastfeed preschool children experience being treated by preschool staff.

Design: Semi-structured interviews with qualitative content analysis.

Setting: Requests for participation in the study were published on breastfeeding or parent-related internet forums.

Participants: Ten mothers who had breastfed while their children had attended preschool were interviewed.

Key findings: All mothers felt breastfeeding beyond infancy made them "different", which made them feel vulnerable. Breastfeeding was often met with silence from preschool staff, which the mothers feared to be a sign of dislike. Breastfeeding could also be suspected to cause problems.

Conclusions: It is important that preschool teachers are aware that some preschool children continue to breastfeed and that they are prepared to interact with families appropriately. FUTURE IMPLICATIONS: More research about different aspects of breastfeeding beyond infancy is clearly needed.

New parents should be aware that infants' sleep is unlike that of adults and that meeting their infant's needs is likely to disrupt their own sleep. They will need to adjust their routine to manage their own sleep needs. Parental sleep patterns in the postpartum period are tied to the infant's development of a circadian sleep-wake rhythm, and the infant's feeds. Close contact with the mother and exposure to light/dark cues appear to assist in the development of the infant's circadian rhythm. The composition of breastmilk varies over the course of 24 hours and some components produced at night are likely to contribute to the infant's day/night entrainment. There is no clear evidence that using artificial feeds improves maternal sleep. Most infants need night feeds but requirements for nighttime feeds vary with the individual.

Women often need to take medicines while breastfeeding and pharmacists need to provide accurate information in order to avoid undue caution about the compatibility of medicines and breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to review information provided about breastfeeding in commonly used pharmacology textbooks. We asked 15 Australian universities teaching pharmacy courses to provide a list of recommended pharmacology textbooks in 2011. Ten universities responded, generating a list of 11 textbooks that we analysed for content relating to breastfeeding. Pharmacology textbooks outline the mechanisms of actions of medicines and their use: however, only a small emphasis is placed on the safety/compatibility of medicines for women during breastfeeding. Current pharmacology textbooks recommended by Australian universities have significant gaps in their coverage of medicine use in breastfeeding. Authors of textbooks should address this gap, so academic staff can recommend texts with the best lactation content.