Pub Date : 2009-03-11DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010007
P. Saura, M. J. Quiles
Fluorescence imaging represents a non-invasive tool for revealing and understanding spatial heterogeneity in leaf performance caused by external factors, such as abiotic stress. Sun (Rosa meillandina and Chrysanthemum morifo- lium) and shade (Spathiphyllum wallisii) plants were used to study their tolerance to heat and high illumination. Fluores- cence yield, effective PSII quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching were analysed in leaves attached to plants by fluorescence imaging. The control plants of all species showed homogeneous images of the fluorescence parameters throughout the leaf. The fluorescence yield (F) was 0.1 or less, the effective PSII quantum yield (Y(II)) around 0.75 and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) less than 0.3. The two sun plants showed higher tolerance to stress conditions. Few variations were observed in F and Y(II) images after stress photoperiods and some leaf regions showed an increase in NPQ, indicating more thermal energy dissipation in these zones than in other leaf regions. The images of the fluorescence parameters were similar to those of control plants after one recovery photoperiod without stress conditions. Shade plant showed lower tolerance and irreversible damage was observed after the first photoperiod, particularly at the base of the leaf and in the areas adjacent to the ribs. The centre and top of the leaf were less damaged, and effective PSII quantum yield remained high because the leaf curved to reduce the incident radiation. Incubation with the herbicides DCMU and paraquat led to differences in the fluorescence parameter images. The effect of DCMU (0.1 mM) was visible after 30 min incubation, beginning at the ribs and adjacent areas of the leaf. The three species studied showed different degree of sensi- tivity to paraquat (0.2 mM), and the effective quantum yield in each species was affected at different incubation times.
{"title":"Assessment of Photosynthesis Tolerance to Herbicides, Heat and High Illumination by Fluorescence Imaging","authors":"P. Saura, M. J. Quiles","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010007","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescence imaging represents a non-invasive tool for revealing and understanding spatial heterogeneity in leaf performance caused by external factors, such as abiotic stress. Sun (Rosa meillandina and Chrysanthemum morifo- lium) and shade (Spathiphyllum wallisii) plants were used to study their tolerance to heat and high illumination. Fluores- cence yield, effective PSII quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching were analysed in leaves attached to plants by fluorescence imaging. The control plants of all species showed homogeneous images of the fluorescence parameters throughout the leaf. The fluorescence yield (F) was 0.1 or less, the effective PSII quantum yield (Y(II)) around 0.75 and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) less than 0.3. The two sun plants showed higher tolerance to stress conditions. Few variations were observed in F and Y(II) images after stress photoperiods and some leaf regions showed an increase in NPQ, indicating more thermal energy dissipation in these zones than in other leaf regions. The images of the fluorescence parameters were similar to those of control plants after one recovery photoperiod without stress conditions. Shade plant showed lower tolerance and irreversible damage was observed after the first photoperiod, particularly at the base of the leaf and in the areas adjacent to the ribs. The centre and top of the leaf were less damaged, and effective PSII quantum yield remained high because the leaf curved to reduce the incident radiation. Incubation with the herbicides DCMU and paraquat led to differences in the fluorescence parameter images. The effect of DCMU (0.1 mM) was visible after 30 min incubation, beginning at the ribs and adjacent areas of the leaf. The three species studied showed different degree of sensi- tivity to paraquat (0.2 mM), and the effective quantum yield in each species was affected at different incubation times.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130108763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-11DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010001
V. P. Pchelkin, V. D. Tsydendambaev, A. Vereshchagin
Dark germination of sea buckthorn seeds was characterized by an initial 3-day-long lag-period, when the con- tents of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and total acyl-containing lipids (ACLs) remained nearly the same due to retardation in the lipid metabolization. Subsequently, TAG content decreased rapidly, and by the 10th day of germination, it did not exceed 5% of total lipids. In this process, total saturated (S) and total unsaturated fatty acids (U), as well as various TAG types such as S2U, SU2, and U3, were consumed at nearly similar relative rates. At the same time, separate TAG groups, which included one of the individual fatty acids, such as palmitic (P), stearic (St), oleic (O), linoleic (L), or linolenic (Le), dif- fered from each other in the intensity of degradation. For L- and Le-TAGs, initial and final concentrations were similar, while initial concentrations of St- and O-TAGs by the 10th day of germination increased 2.3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, and as regards P-TAGs, this value decreased 3.5-fold. Thus, P-TAGs considerably exceeded other TAG groups in their consumption rate in seedlings, while St- and O-TAGs ranked below them in this respect.
{"title":"Triacylglycerol metabolization during germination of sea buckthorn seeds.","authors":"V. P. Pchelkin, V. D. Tsydendambaev, A. Vereshchagin","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010001","url":null,"abstract":"Dark germination of sea buckthorn seeds was characterized by an initial 3-day-long lag-period, when the con- tents of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and total acyl-containing lipids (ACLs) remained nearly the same due to retardation in the lipid metabolization. Subsequently, TAG content decreased rapidly, and by the 10th day of germination, it did not exceed 5% of total lipids. In this process, total saturated (S) and total unsaturated fatty acids (U), as well as various TAG types such as S2U, SU2, and U3, were consumed at nearly similar relative rates. At the same time, separate TAG groups, which included one of the individual fatty acids, such as palmitic (P), stearic (St), oleic (O), linoleic (L), or linolenic (Le), dif- fered from each other in the intensity of degradation. For L- and Le-TAGs, initial and final concentrations were similar, while initial concentrations of St- and O-TAGs by the 10th day of germination increased 2.3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, and as regards P-TAGs, this value decreased 3.5-fold. Thus, P-TAGs considerably exceeded other TAG groups in their consumption rate in seedlings, while St- and O-TAGs ranked below them in this respect.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"119 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134094181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-29DOI: 10.2174/1874294700801010037
A. Fehér, Manuela E. Jurca, Csilla Fodor-Dunai, D. Dorjgotov
Research of plant RHO-type (ROP) GTPases has considerably accelerated during the last few years. Now it is clear that these small proteins play central roles as signalling molecules during many basic cellular processes including cell shape determination, polar growth and responses to hormones, stress factors or pathogens. ROP GTPases have the po- tential to interact with a plethora of regulators and effectors that finally determines their signalling specificity. These pro- teins, similarly to the ROP GTPases themselves, are coded by small gene families increasing the complexity of the regula- tion. The comparison of gene expression patterns of the individual members of these gene families may help to reveal po- tential signalling chains with biological relevance. In this review previous observation on the differential expression of ROP GTPase genes in various organs and during various developmental processes is summarized. In addition, an inven- tory of presently known ROP GTPases-interactor proteins is provided with brief descriptions and with correlative com- parison of gene expression patterns based on available microarray data.
{"title":"Regulation of ROP GTPase Signalling at the Gene Expression Level: A Review","authors":"A. Fehér, Manuela E. Jurca, Csilla Fodor-Dunai, D. Dorjgotov","doi":"10.2174/1874294700801010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700801010037","url":null,"abstract":"Research of plant RHO-type (ROP) GTPases has considerably accelerated during the last few years. Now it is clear that these small proteins play central roles as signalling molecules during many basic cellular processes including cell shape determination, polar growth and responses to hormones, stress factors or pathogens. ROP GTPases have the po- tential to interact with a plethora of regulators and effectors that finally determines their signalling specificity. These pro- teins, similarly to the ROP GTPases themselves, are coded by small gene families increasing the complexity of the regula- tion. The comparison of gene expression patterns of the individual members of these gene families may help to reveal po- tential signalling chains with biological relevance. In this review previous observation on the differential expression of ROP GTPase genes in various organs and during various developmental processes is summarized. In addition, an inven- tory of presently known ROP GTPases-interactor proteins is provided with brief descriptions and with correlative com- parison of gene expression patterns based on available microarray data.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-18DOI: 10.2174/1874294700801010021
Sayaka Hirai, H. Kodama
RNA interference (RNAi) is a homology-dependent gene silencing technology in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct RNA cleavage or DNA methylation. After transcription of an RNAi cassette including inverted re- peat sequences against the target gene and a spacer fragment, the resultant transcript forms a hairpin-like structure. The stem region of hairpin RNAs is processed into siRNAs. Here we focus on the structural properties of RNAi vectors that affect the silencing efficiency, and caveats in the evaluation of RNAi phenotype are discussed. Subsequently, several RNAi applications including simultaneous silencing of multiple gene sequences and specific silencing of a member in the gene family were discussed. In addition a newly developed RNAi technology, artificial microRNA, is also introduced.
{"title":"RNAi Vectors for Manipulation of Gene Expression in Higher Plants","authors":"Sayaka Hirai, H. Kodama","doi":"10.2174/1874294700801010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700801010021","url":null,"abstract":"RNA interference (RNAi) is a homology-dependent gene silencing technology in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) direct RNA cleavage or DNA methylation. After transcription of an RNAi cassette including inverted re- peat sequences against the target gene and a spacer fragment, the resultant transcript forms a hairpin-like structure. The stem region of hairpin RNAs is processed into siRNAs. Here we focus on the structural properties of RNAi vectors that affect the silencing efficiency, and caveats in the evaluation of RNAi phenotype are discussed. Subsequently, several RNAi applications including simultaneous silencing of multiple gene sequences and specific silencing of a member in the gene family were discussed. In addition a newly developed RNAi technology, artificial microRNA, is also introduced.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125041810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-18DOI: 10.2174/1874294700801010031
Seung Sik Lee, Eun Mi Lee, B. C. An, Shyamkumar Barampuram, Jae-Sung Kim, Jaeyoung Cho, B. Chung
Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which synthesizes a variety of secondary metabolites to participate in differentiation and protection of plant tissues against environmental stresses. We isolated a full-length cDNA of the C4H gene from a Korean native bramble (Rubus coreanus Mique), using a reverse transcriptase-PCR and a rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The full-length cDNA of the RcoC4H gene contained a 1,515 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 504 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 57.9 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 9.1. The genomic DNA analysis revealed that the RcoC4H gene had three exons and two introns. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of RcoC4H with other C4Hs was highly conserved among widely divergent plant species. Also, the P450-featured motifs such as the heme-binding domain, the T- containing binding pocket motif (AAIETT), the ERR triad and the tetrapeptide (PPGP) hinge motif necessary for an opti- mal orientation of the enzyme were highly conserved. Southern blot analysis indicated that RcoC4H exists as a single copy in R. coreanus. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed that the gene is expressed at similar levels in the stem, leaf and flower.
{"title":"Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Cinnamate-4-Hydroxylase Gene from Rubus coreanus","authors":"Seung Sik Lee, Eun Mi Lee, B. C. An, Shyamkumar Barampuram, Jae-Sung Kim, Jaeyoung Cho, B. Chung","doi":"10.2174/1874294700801010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700801010031","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid pathway, which synthesizes a variety of secondary metabolites to participate in differentiation and protection of plant tissues against environmental stresses. We isolated a full-length cDNA of the C4H gene from a Korean native bramble (Rubus coreanus Mique), using a reverse transcriptase-PCR and a rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The full-length cDNA of the RcoC4H gene contained a 1,515 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 504 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 57.9 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) value of 9.1. The genomic DNA analysis revealed that the RcoC4H gene had three exons and two introns. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of RcoC4H with other C4Hs was highly conserved among widely divergent plant species. Also, the P450-featured motifs such as the heme-binding domain, the T- containing binding pocket motif (AAIETT), the ERR triad and the tetrapeptide (PPGP) hinge motif necessary for an opti- mal orientation of the enzyme were highly conserved. Southern blot analysis indicated that RcoC4H exists as a single copy in R. coreanus. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed that the gene is expressed at similar levels in the stem, leaf and flower.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"229 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114002515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-30DOI: 10.2174/1874294700801010015
S. Panarese, G. Rainaldi, C. D. Benedetto, R. Gallerani
A continuous sequence of 20,374 bp has been produced corresponding to an equivalent region of the mito- chondrial genome of the fern Asplenium nidus. The information content of this sequence includes: several segments from chloroplast origin, three tRNA genes of probable native type, a couple of inverted repeats, three protein genes and a seg- ment of a fourth. Among the tRNA genes trnN, usually from chloroplast origin in the Spermatophyte mitochondrial genomes, shows the characteristics of a native gene.
{"title":"Sequencing of a Segment of a Monilophyte Species Mitochondrial Genome Reveals Features Highly Similar to those of Seed Plant mtDNAs","authors":"S. Panarese, G. Rainaldi, C. D. Benedetto, R. Gallerani","doi":"10.2174/1874294700801010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700801010015","url":null,"abstract":"A continuous sequence of 20,374 bp has been produced corresponding to an equivalent region of the mito- chondrial genome of the fern Asplenium nidus. The information content of this sequence includes: several segments from chloroplast origin, three tRNA genes of probable native type, a couple of inverted repeats, three protein genes and a seg- ment of a fourth. Among the tRNA genes trnN, usually from chloroplast origin in the Spermatophyte mitochondrial genomes, shows the characteristics of a native gene.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"30 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132726704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-17DOI: 10.2174/1874294700802010001
Hongxian He, I. Chincinska, A. Hackel, B. Grimm, C. Kühn
Sucrose transporters are essential membrane proteins for the distribution of photoassimilates in higher plants. In Solanaceous species the proteins of all known sucrose transporters are co-localized in enucleate sieve elements and un- dergo permanent turnover. The mRNA of the sucrose transporter StSUT1 is localized in both, sieve elements and compan- ion cells. Sucrose transporter mRNAs have been detected in the phloem sap of several species. Here, we analyzed the mo- bility of sucrose transporter transcripts in grafted plants and between host and parasitic plants. Phloem-mobility was found when a c-myc tagged SUT1-fusion construct without untranslated regions (UTRs) was expressed under the CaMV 35S promoter. We conclude that neither 3'- nor 5' -UTRs are essential for mRNA transport through plasmodesmata. Cycloheximide, which inhibits translation, has also effects on SUT transcript stability. Whereas SUT1 transcripts are de- stabilized when translation is inhibited, SUT2 and SUT4 transcripts accumulate up to 4fold under these conditions. Inhibi- tor studies revealed post-transcriptional regulation of SUT2 and SUT4 transcript accumulation. A model is proposed ex- plaining the coordination of SUT expression in Solanaceae.
{"title":"Phloem Mobility and Stability of Sucrose Transporter Transcripts","authors":"Hongxian He, I. Chincinska, A. Hackel, B. Grimm, C. Kühn","doi":"10.2174/1874294700802010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700802010001","url":null,"abstract":"Sucrose transporters are essential membrane proteins for the distribution of photoassimilates in higher plants. In Solanaceous species the proteins of all known sucrose transporters are co-localized in enucleate sieve elements and un- dergo permanent turnover. The mRNA of the sucrose transporter StSUT1 is localized in both, sieve elements and compan- ion cells. Sucrose transporter mRNAs have been detected in the phloem sap of several species. Here, we analyzed the mo- bility of sucrose transporter transcripts in grafted plants and between host and parasitic plants. Phloem-mobility was found when a c-myc tagged SUT1-fusion construct without untranslated regions (UTRs) was expressed under the CaMV 35S promoter. We conclude that neither 3'- nor 5' -UTRs are essential for mRNA transport through plasmodesmata. Cycloheximide, which inhibits translation, has also effects on SUT transcript stability. Whereas SUT1 transcripts are de- stabilized when translation is inhibited, SUT2 and SUT4 transcripts accumulate up to 4fold under these conditions. Inhibi- tor studies revealed post-transcriptional regulation of SUT2 and SUT4 transcript accumulation. A model is proposed ex- plaining the coordination of SUT expression in Solanaceae.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131746003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-26DOI: 10.2174/1874294700701010001
N. Mishra, S. Mukherjee
microRNAs constitute a major class of the small regulatory molecules that are involved in regulating the intrin- sic normal growth of cells and development of organisms as well as in maintaining the integrity of genomes. The plant miRNA research gained momentum, 2002 onwards with identification of new miRNA molecules and their targets. This was accompanied by the discovery of plant homologs of proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis, including a new mem- ber SERRATE. The identification of several diverging and converging functions of miRNAs indicate that they play versa- tile roles in regulating cell differentiation and tissue development. This article provides an update on the conservation and identification of plant miRNAs. The classical miRNA biogenesis pathway and the associated proteins are discussed along with the emerging concept on the processing of miRNA-encoding introns (mirtrons). It also contains a concise account of plant miRNA targets and functions with focus on the recent successful attempt on engineering synthetic miRNAs to study gene function as well as to impart virus resistance in plants.
{"title":"A Peep into the Plant miRNA World","authors":"N. Mishra, S. Mukherjee","doi":"10.2174/1874294700701010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700701010001","url":null,"abstract":"microRNAs constitute a major class of the small regulatory molecules that are involved in regulating the intrin- sic normal growth of cells and development of organisms as well as in maintaining the integrity of genomes. The plant miRNA research gained momentum, 2002 onwards with identification of new miRNA molecules and their targets. This was accompanied by the discovery of plant homologs of proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis, including a new mem- ber SERRATE. The identification of several diverging and converging functions of miRNAs indicate that they play versa- tile roles in regulating cell differentiation and tissue development. This article provides an update on the conservation and identification of plant miRNAs. The classical miRNA biogenesis pathway and the associated proteins are discussed along with the emerging concept on the processing of miRNA-encoding introns (mirtrons). It also contains a concise account of plant miRNA targets and functions with focus on the recent successful attempt on engineering synthetic miRNAs to study gene function as well as to impart virus resistance in plants.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1874294701105010001
I. Heyns, Z. Pretorius, F. Marais
The wild relatives are an important source of new genes for the genetic improvement of wheat. Leaf and stripe rust resistance genes Lr54 and Yr37 occur on an Aegilops kotschyi-derived chromosomal translocation that had apparently replaced wheat chromosome arm 2DL. The alien chromatin also includes the locus of a gene for reduced plant height (H), which appears to be different from Rht8 on chromosome arm 2DS. The introgressed genes were mapped relative to homoeologous wheat marker loci following the induction of chromosome pairing in translocation heterozygotes that lacked the Ph1 locus. Ten recombined Lr54/Yr37 translocation chromosomes were derived and characterized with micro- satellite, AFLP and SCAR markers. The data suggested that there was significant homoeology between the full-length translocated segment and the wheat 2DL chromosome arm. The recombined translocations apparently resulted from single crossovers during which the distal end of the long arm of the translocation chromosome was replaced with wheat chroma- tin. Recombinant (Lr54/Yr37-74) retained the least alien chromatin and both resistance genes, yet had lost the reduced plant height gene. A polymorphic AFLP fragment was converted into a dominant SCAR marker to detect rec. #74. In addition three wheat microsatellite loci that map to the introgressed region provide a useful recessive marker system to detect Lr54/Yr37. The shortened translocation could be useful in breeding and may be used for continued, closer mapping of the resistance genes.
{"title":"Derivation and Characterization of Recombinants of the Lr54/Yr37 Translocation in Common Wheat","authors":"I. Heyns, Z. Pretorius, F. Marais","doi":"10.2174/1874294701105010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294701105010001","url":null,"abstract":"The wild relatives are an important source of new genes for the genetic improvement of wheat. Leaf and stripe rust resistance genes Lr54 and Yr37 occur on an Aegilops kotschyi-derived chromosomal translocation that had apparently replaced wheat chromosome arm 2DL. The alien chromatin also includes the locus of a gene for reduced plant height (H), which appears to be different from Rht8 on chromosome arm 2DS. The introgressed genes were mapped relative to homoeologous wheat marker loci following the induction of chromosome pairing in translocation heterozygotes that lacked the Ph1 locus. Ten recombined Lr54/Yr37 translocation chromosomes were derived and characterized with micro- satellite, AFLP and SCAR markers. The data suggested that there was significant homoeology between the full-length translocated segment and the wheat 2DL chromosome arm. The recombined translocations apparently resulted from single crossovers during which the distal end of the long arm of the translocation chromosome was replaced with wheat chroma- tin. Recombinant (Lr54/Yr37-74) retained the least alien chromatin and both resistance genes, yet had lost the reduced plant height gene. A polymorphic AFLP fragment was converted into a dominant SCAR marker to detect rec. #74. In addition three wheat microsatellite loci that map to the introgressed region provide a useful recessive marker system to detect Lr54/Yr37. The shortened translocation could be useful in breeding and may be used for continued, closer mapping of the resistance genes.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：