Pub Date : 2010-11-13DOI: 10.2174/1874294701004010018
Ebony Y. Joyner, L. S. Boykin, M. Lodhi
Soybean is one of the most important legumes of the world. Soybean plants are affected by several biotic and abiotic factors as well as insect pests and diseases which lower the quality and production of the crop. In order to over- come these biotic and abiotic challenges, a systematic crop improvement plan has to be followed in order to enhance crop production which involves the use of new technologies and developing new cultivars with desirable qualities. With the completion of the soybean genome sequencing project, it is anticipated that access to desirable gene sequences will advance soybean improvement efforts. Two general approaches for in vitro plant regeneration are used; somatic embryo- genesis from immature embryos and organogenesis from mature parts of the plant and seeds. In vitro regeneration in soybean depends upon several physical, biochemical and genetic factors. Different genotypes respond differently to the method of regeneration used. Pyramid soybean is used in several breeding and mapping projects but does not have a regeneration procedure worked out. The goal of our project was to develop an in vitro regeneration procedure for soybean cv. Pyramid that would be amenable to genetic manipulations. We excised cotyledons and embryos from germinating seeds and induced callus with various concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA, used alone or in combination. 2,4-D at 3-21� M concentrations in the culture media produced 100% callus induction from cotyledons. After callus formation we trans- ferred them to BAP and Kinetin containing culture media and obtained roots and shoots; 5 � M BAP was the most effec- tive for that purpose. Fully developed plants were transplanted to the pots in less than three months where they produced healthy seeds in July.
大豆是世界上最重要的豆类之一。大豆植物受到多种生物和非生物因素以及病虫害的影响，降低了作物的品质和产量。为了克服这些生物和非生物的挑战，必须遵循系统的作物改良计划，以提高作物产量，其中包括使用新技术和开发具有理想品质的新品种。随着大豆基因组测序计划的完成，预期获得所需的基因序列将推进大豆改良工作。有两种常用的离体植株再生方法;体细胞胚——由未成熟的胚胎发生，由植物和种子的成熟部分器官发生。大豆离体再生取决于多种物理、生化和遗传因素。不同的基因型对再生方法的反应不同。金字塔大豆被用于几个育种和制图项目，但还没有制定出再生程序。我们项目的目标是开发大豆cv的体外再生程序。金字塔可以被基因操纵。用不同浓度的2,4- d和NAA单独或联合使用，从萌发的种子中切除子叶和胚，诱导愈伤组织。培养基中2,4- d浓度为3-21 μ M时，子叶愈伤组织诱导率为100%。愈伤组织形成后，将其转移到含BAP和Kinetin的培养基上，获得根和芽;5 μ M BAP在这方面是最有效的。发育完全的植株在不到三个月的时间里被移栽到花盆里，在7月份结出了健康的种子。
{"title":"Callus induction and organogenesis in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. pyramid from mature cotyledons and embryos.","authors":"Ebony Y. Joyner, L. S. Boykin, M. Lodhi","doi":"10.2174/1874294701004010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294701004010018","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is one of the most important legumes of the world. Soybean plants are affected by several biotic and abiotic factors as well as insect pests and diseases which lower the quality and production of the crop. In order to over- come these biotic and abiotic challenges, a systematic crop improvement plan has to be followed in order to enhance crop production which involves the use of new technologies and developing new cultivars with desirable qualities. With the completion of the soybean genome sequencing project, it is anticipated that access to desirable gene sequences will advance soybean improvement efforts. Two general approaches for in vitro plant regeneration are used; somatic embryo- genesis from immature embryos and organogenesis from mature parts of the plant and seeds. In vitro regeneration in soybean depends upon several physical, biochemical and genetic factors. Different genotypes respond differently to the method of regeneration used. Pyramid soybean is used in several breeding and mapping projects but does not have a regeneration procedure worked out. The goal of our project was to develop an in vitro regeneration procedure for soybean cv. Pyramid that would be amenable to genetic manipulations. We excised cotyledons and embryos from germinating seeds and induced callus with various concentrations of 2,4-D and NAA, used alone or in combination. 2,4-D at 3-21� M concentrations in the culture media produced 100% callus induction from cotyledons. After callus formation we trans- ferred them to BAP and Kinetin containing culture media and obtained roots and shoots; 5 � M BAP was the most effec- tive for that purpose. Fully developed plants were transplanted to the pots in less than three months where they produced healthy seeds in July.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134317479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-12DOI: 10.2174/1874294701004010007
D. Taylor, T. Francis, S. Lozinsky, Travis L. Hoffman, M. Giblin, E. Marillia
The cloning and characterization of a lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT2; EC 2.3.1.51) from Tropaeolum majus from a 20,000 EST collection is described. The 1358 bp TmLPAT2 gene encodes a 42.6 kD polypep- tide; the primary sequence has a membrane bound O-acyltransferase, MBOAT, Box I motif, and Boxes II, III and IV typical of LPATs from various species. Unlike many LPAT2s, the gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues. The TmLPAT2 functionality was confirmed by expression in a yeast LPAT deletion (SLC1 - ) mutant. The TmLPAT2 could use a range of acyl-CoAs as acyl donor, including 22:1-CoA and 20:1-CoA and either 18:1-LPA or 22:1-LPA as acyl acceptor. This new LPAT2 could enable the production of Brassica seed oils with enhanced levels of very long-chain fatty acids.
{"title":"Cloning and characterization of a Constitutive lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 (LPAT2) gene from Tropaeolum majus L.","authors":"D. Taylor, T. Francis, S. Lozinsky, Travis L. Hoffman, M. Giblin, E. Marillia","doi":"10.2174/1874294701004010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294701004010007","url":null,"abstract":"The cloning and characterization of a lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT2; EC 2.3.1.51) from Tropaeolum majus from a 20,000 EST collection is described. The 1358 bp TmLPAT2 gene encodes a 42.6 kD polypep- tide; the primary sequence has a membrane bound O-acyltransferase, MBOAT, Box I motif, and Boxes II, III and IV typical of LPATs from various species. Unlike many LPAT2s, the gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues. The TmLPAT2 functionality was confirmed by expression in a yeast LPAT deletion (SLC1 - ) mutant. The TmLPAT2 could use a range of acyl-CoAs as acyl donor, including 22:1-CoA and 20:1-CoA and either 18:1-LPA or 22:1-LPA as acyl acceptor. This new LPAT2 could enable the production of Brassica seed oils with enhanced levels of very long-chain fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130650672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-18DOI: 10.2174/1874294701004010001
Atsushi Kasai, Azumi Kanehira, T. Harada
Small interfering RNAs can induce RNA silencing throughout plants owing to their ability to move through the phloem. Although microRNA (miRNA), another noncoding small RNA that regulates protein-coding RNAs through transcript cleavage or translational inhibition, has also been detected in phloem, there are few reports of its long-distance movement via phloem. We investigated whether miR172 molecules can move systemically from source tissues to sink tissues in Nicotiana benthamiana. Results of agro-infiltration and micro-grafting experiments indicate that miR172 can move long distances.
{"title":"miR172 Can Move Long Distances in Nicotiana benthamiana","authors":"Atsushi Kasai, Azumi Kanehira, T. Harada","doi":"10.2174/1874294701004010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294701004010001","url":null,"abstract":"Small interfering RNAs can induce RNA silencing throughout plants owing to their ability to move through the phloem. Although microRNA (miRNA), another noncoding small RNA that regulates protein-coding RNAs through transcript cleavage or translational inhibition, has also been detected in phloem, there are few reports of its long-distance movement via phloem. We investigated whether miR172 molecules can move systemically from source tissues to sink tissues in Nicotiana benthamiana. Results of agro-infiltration and micro-grafting experiments indicate that miR172 can move long distances.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-04DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010054
M. A. Khan
The identification, isolation and subsequent cloning of effective disease resistance genes for their use to enhance the protection level against various groups of pathogens in plants is an important aspect of crop improvement. Disease resistance genes (R-genes) have been characterized and cloned from many plant species. The resistance gene analogs (RGAs) are putative or tentative disease resistance genes which are identified on the basis of their structure. The RGAs are an efficient tool in identifying and isolating disease resistance genes and have got efficiency in building a durable resistance. In order to know the exact function of RGAs they need to be characterized and linked with the genes actually conferring resistance phenotype. Regions of amino acid conservation in resistance gene encoded proteins have facilitated the isolation of RGA sequences from genomic DNA in many crop plants using polymerase chain reaction based techniques.
{"title":"Importance and Use of Resistance Gene Analogs","authors":"M. A. Khan","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010054","url":null,"abstract":"The identification, isolation and subsequent cloning of effective disease resistance genes for their use to enhance the protection level against various groups of pathogens in plants is an important aspect of crop improvement. Disease resistance genes (R-genes) have been characterized and cloned from many plant species. The resistance gene analogs (RGAs) are putative or tentative disease resistance genes which are identified on the basis of their structure. The RGAs are an efficient tool in identifying and isolating disease resistance genes and have got efficiency in building a durable resistance. In order to know the exact function of RGAs they need to be characterized and linked with the genes actually conferring resistance phenotype. Regions of amino acid conservation in resistance gene encoded proteins have facilitated the isolation of RGA sequences from genomic DNA in many crop plants using polymerase chain reaction based techniques.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125892795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-07DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010049
Y. Haryu, Yoko Taguchi, E. Itakura, O. Mikami, Katsuhiro Miura, Takakiyo Saeki, Y. Nakajima
The longterm performance of multi-generations or life span was assessed using genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant Bt11 corn. Diet containing 68% of GM Bt11 or non-Bt isoline with sufficient nutrient composition was fed to male and female ICR mice through 5 generations. The results of growth, mating, gestation, milking periods, reproduction and life span were not different between the GM Bt11 and non-Bt fed groups. The percentage of embryonic death, litter size, newborn sex ratio and body weight (21-60 days after birth) were not different between these groups. The life span of the third-generation mice did not differ over 1,072 days of observation. In addition, there was a tendency for a weight decrease among each group as the generations progressed, but there was no significant difference in performance among each group in each generation of mice.
{"title":"Longterm Biosafety Assessment of A Genetically Modified (GM) Plant: The Genetically Modified (GM) Insect-Resistant Bt11 Corn Does Not Affect the Performance of Multi-Generations or Life Span of Mice","authors":"Y. Haryu, Yoko Taguchi, E. Itakura, O. Mikami, Katsuhiro Miura, Takakiyo Saeki, Y. Nakajima","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010049","url":null,"abstract":"The longterm performance of multi-generations or life span was assessed using genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant Bt11 corn. Diet containing 68% of GM Bt11 or non-Bt isoline with sufficient nutrient composition was fed to male and female ICR mice through 5 generations. The results of growth, mating, gestation, milking periods, reproduction and life span were not different between the GM Bt11 and non-Bt fed groups. The percentage of embryonic death, litter size, newborn sex ratio and body weight (21-60 days after birth) were not different between these groups. The life span of the third-generation mice did not differ over 1,072 days of observation. In addition, there was a tendency for a weight decrease among each group as the generations progressed, but there was no significant difference in performance among each group in each generation of mice.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130592351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-02DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010035
W. S. Devi, G. Sharma
A procedure for in vitro propagation of Arundinaria callosa Munro has been developed. The method allows bud-break from nodal segments containing single axillary bud on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP). The early bud-break was obtained in 8.9-13.3 � M BAP, within 8-15 days. The position of the node on the culm of lateral branches also affected bud-break percentage and multiplication, mid-culm nodes are the most suitable. The optimal concentration of 13.3 � M BAP is found significant for shoot multiplication. Addition of 1.0 � M 3- indolebutyric acid (IBA) enhances the shoot multiplication rate. In vitro rooting was induced when 15 � M IBA was incorporated for three subcultures in the shoot proliferation medium, was transferred tostrength MS containing 25� M IBA and 0.05 � M BAP, and finally withdrawn from the rooting medium. The regenerants were successfully transplanted into a soil mixture for acclimatization before field planting.
建立了一种愈伤小圆蒿的离体繁殖方法。该方法允许在Murashige和Skoog(1962)培养基上添加不同浓度的6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BAP)，从含有单个腋芽的节段发芽。在8.9 ~ 13.3 μ M的BAP中，在8 ~ 15天内获得了较早的发芽。茎节在侧枝茎上的位置也影响出芽率和增殖，以茎中节最合适。适宜浓度13.3 μ M的BAP对芽部增殖有显著的促进作用。添加1.0 μ M的3-吲哚丁酸(IBA)可提高芽增殖率。在生根培养基中加入15 μ M的IBA进行3次传代培养，然后转移到含有25 μ M IBA和0.05 μ M BAP的强MS中，最后从生根培养基中取出。在大田种植前，成功地将再生植株移栽到混合土壤中进行驯化。
{"title":"In vitro propagation of Arundinaria callosa Munro- an edible bamboo from nodal explants of mature plants.","authors":"W. S. Devi, G. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010035","url":null,"abstract":"A procedure for in vitro propagation of Arundinaria callosa Munro has been developed. The method allows bud-break from nodal segments containing single axillary bud on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6- benzylaminopurine (BAP). The early bud-break was obtained in 8.9-13.3 � M BAP, within 8-15 days. The position of the node on the culm of lateral branches also affected bud-break percentage and multiplication, mid-culm nodes are the most suitable. The optimal concentration of 13.3 � M BAP is found significant for shoot multiplication. Addition of 1.0 � M 3- indolebutyric acid (IBA) enhances the shoot multiplication rate. In vitro rooting was induced when 15 � M IBA was incorporated for three subcultures in the shoot proliferation medium, was transferred tostrength MS containing 25� M IBA and 0.05 � M BAP, and finally withdrawn from the rooting medium. The regenerants were successfully transplanted into a soil mixture for acclimatization before field planting.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116128662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-19DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010029
Tzasna Hernndeza, M. Canalesa, A. Durana, Ana Mara Garcaa, Jos Guillermo Avilaa, Lus Hernndez-Portillab, Martha Alvaradoa, M. Romeroa, Brbara Terna, Patricia Dvilac, R. Lira
The hexanic extract composition of two populations of Lippia graveolens growing in an arid zone in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley (Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla), Central Mexico, in different seasons of the year, and in contrast- ing conditions of ecological disturbance has been studied by GC and GC-MS. Regarding to the composition of these extracts, qualitative differences among the two populations were found. Thus, 9 compounds were identified from the extracts of the Zone A (the less disturbed) and 10 from the ones of Zone B (the most disturbed). Thymol was detected as the major compound in most of the individuals sampled, while at the season level, September was the more productive month for zone B (higher content of identified compounds) and the only one that presents antibacterial activity. Lippia graveolens displays quantitative and qualitative variations both within and between natural plant populations.
采用气相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法研究了生长在墨西哥中部Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley (Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla)干旱地区的两个Lippia graveolens居群在不同季节和不同生态干扰条件下的hexic提取物成分。关于这些提取物的组成，在两个种群之间发现了质的差异。从A区(受干扰程度最小)和B区(受干扰程度最大)的提取物中分别鉴定出9个和10个化合物。在大多数样品中检测到百里香酚是主要化合物，而在季节水平上，9月是B区最多产的月份(鉴定的化合物含量较高)，也是唯一具有抗菌活性的月份。石竹在自然植物种群内和种群间均表现出数量和质量上的差异。
{"title":"Variation in the hexanic extract composition of Lippia graveolens in an arid zone from Mexico: environmental influence or true chemotypes?","authors":"Tzasna Hernndeza, M. Canalesa, A. Durana, Ana Mara Garcaa, Jos Guillermo Avilaa, Lus Hernndez-Portillab, Martha Alvaradoa, M. Romeroa, Brbara Terna, Patricia Dvilac, R. Lira","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010029","url":null,"abstract":"The hexanic extract composition of two populations of Lippia graveolens growing in an arid zone in the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley (Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla), Central Mexico, in different seasons of the year, and in contrast- ing conditions of ecological disturbance has been studied by GC and GC-MS. Regarding to the composition of these extracts, qualitative differences among the two populations were found. Thus, 9 compounds were identified from the extracts of the Zone A (the less disturbed) and 10 from the ones of Zone B (the most disturbed). Thymol was detected as the major compound in most of the individuals sampled, while at the season level, September was the more productive month for zone B (higher content of identified compounds) and the only one that presents antibacterial activity. Lippia graveolens displays quantitative and qualitative variations both within and between natural plant populations.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130427335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-02DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010040
A. L. Gronlund, J. Dickinson, P. Kille, J. Harwood, R. Herbert, D. Francis, H. Rogers
In animals, 14-3-3 proteins bind two cell cycle proteins WEE1 and CDC25 stabilising their phosphorylated state. We report here for the first time interactions between WEE1 and 14-3-3 proteins both in vitro and in vivo in plants. The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family partitions into either an Epsilon or Non-Epsilon group. In a yeast 2-hybrid screen Arabidopsis WEE1 interacted with the Non-Epsilon group. Subsequently, we focussed on Non-Epsilon GF14
{"title":"Plant WEE1 Kinase Interacts with a 14-3-3 Protein, GF14ω but a Mutation of WEE1 at S485 Alters Their Spatial Interaction","authors":"A. L. Gronlund, J. Dickinson, P. Kille, J. Harwood, R. Herbert, D. Francis, H. Rogers","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010040","url":null,"abstract":"In animals, 14-3-3 proteins bind two cell cycle proteins WEE1 and CDC25 stabilising their phosphorylated \u0000state. We report here for the first time interactions between WEE1 and 14-3-3 proteins both in vitro and in vivo in plants. \u0000The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family partitions into either an Epsilon or Non-Epsilon group. In a yeast 2-hybrid screen \u0000Arabidopsis WEE1 interacted with the Non-Epsilon group. Subsequently, we focussed on Non-Epsilon GF14","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121133918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-23DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010022
R. Amooaghaie
The germination of Ferula ovina seeds faces certain problems. The present research was designed to study the promotion of the germination of Ferula ovina seeds by moist-chilling and GA3 applications. The results showed that Ferula ovina seeds display an endogenous dormancy that can be released by moist-chilling treatment for a certain period. In this respect, the best treatment was moist-chilling for 6 weeks at 5 ± 1 °C or for 4 weeks of moist-chilling followed by soaking in 500 ppm GA3 solution for 24 h. These treatments significantly increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination (T50) compared to control. Also, the characteristics of the obtained seedlings were much better than those of control. Moreover, the 6-week moist-chilled seeds contained the highest soluble protein concentration. The combination between GA3 and moist-chilling treatments produced different effects on seed germination, soluble protein depending on the length of the moist-chilling period. GA3 application on un-chilled seeds improves the germination process. The concentration of soluble inorganic phosphorus of the tested seeds was negative (r = 0.88, p<0.05) while, the concentration of soluble organic phosphorus positively (r = 0.93, P<0.05) correlated with the germination percentage. It was concluded that treatment of moist-chilling for 6 weeks or 4 weeks followed by 500 ppm GA3 is recommended for promoting the germination process of Ferula ovina seeds and improving growth characteristics of the subsequent seedlings.
{"title":"The effect mechanism of moist-chilling and GA3 on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of Ferula ovina Boiss.","authors":"R. Amooaghaie","doi":"10.2174/1874294700903010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874294700903010022","url":null,"abstract":"The germination of Ferula ovina seeds faces certain problems. The present research was designed to study the promotion of the germination of Ferula ovina seeds by moist-chilling and GA3 applications. The results showed that Ferula ovina seeds display an endogenous dormancy that can be released by moist-chilling treatment for a certain period. In this respect, the best treatment was moist-chilling for 6 weeks at 5 ± 1 °C or for 4 weeks of moist-chilling followed by soaking in 500 ppm GA3 solution for 24 h. These treatments significantly increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination (T50) compared to control. Also, the characteristics of the obtained seedlings were much better than those of control. Moreover, the 6-week moist-chilled seeds contained the highest soluble protein concentration. The combination between GA3 and moist-chilling treatments produced different effects on seed germination, soluble protein depending on the length of the moist-chilling period. GA3 application on un-chilled seeds improves the germination process. The concentration of soluble inorganic phosphorus of the tested seeds was negative (r = 0.88, p<0.05) while, the concentration of soluble organic phosphorus positively (r = 0.93, P<0.05) correlated with the germination percentage. It was concluded that treatment of moist-chilling for 6 weeks or 4 weeks followed by 500 ppm GA3 is recommended for promoting the germination process of Ferula ovina seeds and improving growth characteristics of the subsequent seedlings.","PeriodicalId":355995,"journal":{"name":"The Open Plant Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132933832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-15DOI: 10.2174/1874294700903010014
P. Barrell, A. J. Conner
Magainin peptides originally identified from Xenopus laevis have cytotoxic effects against a range of prokary- otic organisms without harmful effects on higher eukaryotes. The mechanism of cytotoxicity of the peptides is by disrup- tion of membranes, which causes osmolysis. Magainin peptides are known to inhibit the in vitro growth of many phytopa- thogens including Erwinia carotovora, the causative agent of soft rot disease in potato. A synthetic gene was constructed based on the antimicrobial peptide magainin II. The coding sequence for the modified magainin II, magaininD, was con- structed using potato codon preference. Modifications included a point mutation previously shown to reduce proteolytic cleavage, and three substitutions known to increase activity of the peptide against prokaryotic organisms. Agrobacterium- mediated transformation was used to generate transgenic potato plants. Each line was tested for expression of the trans- gene at RNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and western analyses. Lines were identified that expressed both RNA and protein of the magaininD transgene. Field trials with the transgenic magaininD potato plants were conducted over three seasons, and harvested tubers were evaluated in bioassays for resistance to Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica. Results from bioassays identified potato lines with significantly improved resistance to soft rot compared with control lines. The same lines were determined to have higher levels of expression of the transgene-derived peptide. The result demonstrated that the design, construction and transformation of a synthetic antimicrobial magainin gene was a successful strategy in introducing a novel form of disease resistance in potato plants.
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