Online Journal of Issues in Nursing最新文献

{"title":"Overview and Summary: Cornerstone Documents in Healthcare: Our History, Our Future","authors":"S. Lewenson","doi":"10.3912/OJIN.Vol20No02ManOS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol20No02ManOS","url":null,"abstract":"Primary healthcare serves as a curriculum thread at my institution. We base our definition of the term on the World Health Organization's (WHO) 1978 Declaration of the Alma Alta (WHO. 1978). This definition reflects a holistic view of nursing and healthcare that takes into account the determinants of health, shared decisionmaking, intersectorial collaboration, policy and politics, social justice, and access to population-based care. All of these are relevant terms for nurses who actualize the reform efforts found within the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA. 2010J. Nurses need to understand the primary healthcare philosophical framework in order to practice effectively and safely in any setting - whether in public health, primary care, or acute care settings. To do so, it is essential that they also know the history of nursing's engagement in primary healthcare like initiatives even before the Declaration of Alma Alta. For me, history helps shape the teaching/learning experience for our students. Primary healthcare from both a historical and contemporary perspective relies on the work of nurses to develop the standards and scope of practice.The articles in this Online Journal of Issues in Nursing (OJIN) topic resonate with my work as an educator and as a historian. I see the essence of primary healthcare fill these new OJIN articles. Within each article, we can see how nurses have practiced to the fullest extent of their education (Institute of Medicine [TOM1. 2010!. how nurses have responded to the changing legislation that defined practice, how nurses have determined their ethical framework in which they practice, and how shifts in nursing practice occurred in both the United States and Cambodia. To introduce the articles in this topic, I must first reflect on nursing's history and its evolution as a profession concerned about primary healthcare.From the beginning of the modern nursing movement in 1873, nurses advocated control of their practice and education. In 1893, nurses organized the National League for Nurses (NLN) (originally called the Society of Superintendents of Nursing) and by 1896 the American Nurses Association (ANA) (originally called the Nurses Alumnae Association). The purpose of both organizations included the development of standards of practice and education. The superintendents, like the deans of today, concerned themselves with educational standards and reforms. The ANA fought for state licensure and issues related to nursing practice. In 1912 the National Organization for Public Health Nursing formed and defined the meaning of public health nursing and created standards of practice in this growing specialty. The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses started a few years earlier in 1908. It too concerned itself with the standards of practice and education, but also focused its goals on race inequality in nursing and healthcare. Each of the four organizations sought ways to address nursing leg","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Perspectives on an Expanded Role for Nursing.","authors":"A. Keeling","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man02","url":null,"abstract":"The 2010 Institute of Medicine report, the Future of Nursing, recommended that nurses work to the \"full extent of their training\" to address the primary healthcare needs of United States citizens. This article identifies and describes historical antecedents, cornerstone documents, and legislative acts that served to set the stage for today, laying the groundwork for an expanded role for advanced practice nurses in the 21st century. Beginning with Lillian Wald's work in Henry Street Settlement in 1893, through Mary Breckenridge's founding of the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925, the discussion describes how nurses provided access to care for thousands of urban and rural citizens throughout the United States in the past. The article also discusses political forces at midcentury and the creation of the nurse practitioner role with the premise that nurses can learn from these early initiatives to create new models for nurses' roles in primary care today.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Practices for Developing Specialty Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice.","authors":"D. Finnell, E. L. Thomas, W. Nehring, K. McLoughlin, Carol J. Bickford","doi":"10.3912/OJIN.VOL20NO02MAN01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.VOL20NO02MAN01","url":null,"abstract":"Nursing specialization involves focusing on nursing practice in an identified specific area within the entire field of professional nursing. A defined specialty scope of practice statement and standards of professional practice, with accompanying competencies, are unique to each nursing specialty. These documents help assure continued understanding and recognition of nursing's diverse professional contributions. The purpose of this article is to demystify the process for specialty nurses who are creating or revising their specialty nursing scope and standards of practice. We provide best practices for the developmental process based on our recently published scope and standards of specialty nursing practice. The conclusion provides strategies to disseminate scope and standards documents to appropriate stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cornerstone Documents, Milestones, and Policies: Shaping the Direction of Public Health Nursing 1890-1950.","authors":"J. Kub, P. Kulbok, D. Glick","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man03","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay of policy, milestone events, and cornerstone documents was critical in the evolution of the specialty of public health nursing (PHN) from 1890-1950. Using our contemporary lens, this article examines PHN development from an historical perspective, including events and milestones driving growth in the early 20th century. Some of the challenges faced by our founding public health nursing leadership are not unlike challenges we face today. In 1950, Ruth Hubbard, a former leader in the National Organization of Public Health Nurses and Director of the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia, spoke of the value of examining the past to forge a new future. This article calls for contemporary public health nurses to act upon the lessons learned from the past, to strengthen the renewed focus on prevention, to develop policies that impact population health, and to foster a vision that will guide us into the future.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70292755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nursing Code of Ethics: Its Value, Its History.","authors":"Beth Epstein, Martha Turner","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man04","url":null,"abstract":"To practice competently and with integrity, today's nurses must have in place several key elements that guide the profession, such as an accreditation process for education, a rigorous system for licensure and certification, and a relevant code of ethics. The American Nurses Association has guided and supported nursing practice through creation and implementation of a nationally accepted Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. This article will discuss ethics in society, professions, and nursing and illustrate how a professional code of ethics can guide nursing practice in a variety of settings. We also offer a brief history of the Code of Ethics, discuss the modern Code of Ethics, and describe the importance of periodic revision, including the inclusive and thorough process used to develop the 2015 Code and a summary of recent changes. Finally, the article provides implications for practicing nurses to assure that this document is a dynamic, useful resource in a variety of healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Implementation of Cornerstone Documents to Support Nursing Practice in Cambodia.","authors":"R. Henker, M. Prak, V. Koy","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02man05","url":null,"abstract":"Cornerstone, or guiding documents, for nursing and healthcare support the profession of nursing throughout the world. This article describes the impact of the civil war and instability in Cambodia that led to poverty and destruction of the healthcare system and provides a brief overview of nursing in Cambodia today. Since the 1990s, the Cambodian healthcare system has been recovering from war. Nurses have been transitioning from task oriented roles to more sophisticated roles that incorporate the nursing process. In addition to significant changes in nursing education and other advances in the healthcare system during the last five years, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has strongly encouraged the development of cornerstone documents to guide nursing practice for patient care provided in Cambodia. Standards and competencies have been developed based on the American Nurses Association (ANA) template for Scope and Standards of Practice. Cornerstone documents for nursing that have been implemented by the MoH, many at the Angkor Hospital for Children, include evidence based protocols, the nursing process framework, the Code of Ethics for Nurses and development of the Scope of Practice and Standards of Care for Cambodian Nurses.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informatics: Ethical Use of Genomic Information and Electronic Medical Records.","authors":"K. Amer","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02infocol01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02infocol01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70292726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Information Technology, Patient Safety, and Professional Nursing Care Documentation in Acute Care Settings.","authors":"M. Lavin, E. Harper, N. Barr","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02ppt04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02ppt04","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic health record (EHR) is a documentation tool that yields data useful in enhancing patient safety, evaluating care quality, maximizing efficiency, and measuring staffing needs. Although nurses applaud the EHR, they also indicate dissatisfaction with its design and cumbersome electronic processes. This article describes the views of nurses shared by members of the Nursing Practice Committee of the Missouri Nurses Association; it encourages nurses to share their EHR concerns with Information Technology (IT) staff and vendors and to take their place at the table when nursing-related IT decisions are made. In this article, we describe the experiential-reflective reasoning and action model used to understand staff nurses' perspectives, share committee reflections and recommendations for improving both documentation and documentation technology, and conclude by encouraging nurses to develop their documentation and informatics skills. Nursing issues include medication safety, documentation and standards of practice, and EHR efficiency. IT concerns include interoperability, vendors, innovation, nursing voice, education, and collaboration.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochrane Review Brief: Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treating Osteoporosis.","authors":"Jing Song, Aihua Zhang","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02crbcol03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02crbcol03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70292656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing the Culture of Long-Term Care: Combating Heterosexism.","authors":"Susan V Schwinn, Shirley Dinkel","doi":"10.3912/ojin.vol20no02ppt03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol20no02ppt03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to describe how heterosexism impedes the provision of culturally competent care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities. LTC facilities continue to employ staff members who lack an understanding of sexuality and sexual diversity in the elderly. In this article, we identify the heterosexual assumption, namely heterosexism, as the primary issue surrounding the holistic care of the LGBTQ elder in LTC. We first review the literature related to LGBTQ elders in LTC facilities, identifying the themes that emerged from the review, specifically the definitions of homophobia and heterosexism; perceptions of LGBTQ elders as they consider placement in LTC facilities; and staff knowledge of and biases toward sexuality and sexual diversity in LTC settings. Then, we suggest approaches for changing the culture of LTC to one in which LGBTQ elders feel safe and valued, and conclude by considering how facility leaders are in a unique position to enable LGBTQ elders to flourish in what may be their last home.","PeriodicalId":35614,"journal":{"name":"Online Journal of Issues in Nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70293090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}