{"title":"Cambridge History of Ireland - Volimes I-IV","authors":"G. Kearns","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46881051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Cahalane, X. Monteys, Aidan Mage, J. Hanafin, P. Harris, T. McCarthy
Bathymetric mapping in the coastal shallow water zone is a challenging and costly process using traditional survey methods. Because of this, much of this region worldwide remains uncharted and, therefore, is poorly understood. Multispectral satellite imagery has proven to be a practical alternative tool in predicting water depth in coastal zones, though influences on its performance and accuracy are not fully understood and vary according to local environmental conditions. This study explored the suitability of a satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) methodology in Irish Atlantic coastal waters. Using imagery captured at a range of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions by the RapidEye and Landsat 8 satellites, we explored the correlation between performance, accuracy and image resolution, demonstrating that sensor wavelength is the key limiting factor in optical penetration of water and also accurate delineation of the gradient on the seafloor. We further applied this data in a study of submarine geomorphology in an INFOMAR priority bay. Although the SDB accuracy is insufficient for high accuracy bathymetry products, nevertheless, they are considered beneficial in a variety of other applications in sensitive disciplines such as environmental monitoring, seabed mapping, or coastal zone management.
{"title":"Studying Submarine Geomorphology in an INFOMAR Priority Bay through the application of Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"C. Cahalane, X. Monteys, Aidan Mage, J. Hanafin, P. Harris, T. McCarthy","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1410","url":null,"abstract":"Bathymetric mapping in the coastal shallow water zone is a challenging and costly process using traditional survey methods. Because of this, much of this region worldwide remains uncharted and, therefore, is poorly understood. Multispectral satellite imagery has proven to be a practical alternative tool in predicting water depth in coastal zones, though influences on its performance and accuracy are not fully understood and vary according to local environmental conditions. This study explored the suitability of a satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) methodology in Irish Atlantic coastal waters. Using imagery captured at a range of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions by the RapidEye and Landsat 8 satellites, we explored the correlation between performance, accuracy and image resolution, demonstrating that sensor wavelength is the key limiting factor in optical penetration of water and also accurate delineation of the gradient on the seafloor. We further applied this data in a study of submarine geomorphology in an INFOMAR priority bay. Although the SDB accuracy is insufficient for high accuracy bathymetry products, nevertheless, they are considered beneficial in a variety of other applications in sensitive disciplines such as environmental monitoring, seabed mapping, or coastal zone management. ","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine plastics have gained infamy as one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Their lightweight and durable properties, and low cost of production have made them an attractive material for packaging and shipping. This production-side preference for cheap plastic products and packaging, coupled with consumption preferences for pre-packaged, single-use goods that ultimately overwhelm increasingly costly waste management efforts, has resulted in a persistent, ubiquitous presence of plastic materials globally. Grounded in an extensive review of the literature, this paper reviews the geography of marine plastics research, and the pervasive and persistent effects of plastic on the marine system to aid the discussions of comprehensive mitigation measures. The discussion points raised in this paper highlight the need for a global systems perspective that considers geography, environmental impacts, and sources in order to develop effective mitigation responses to marine litter.
{"title":"A Geography of Marine Plastics","authors":"Jeffrey Black, Dakota Holmes, Liam M. Carr","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1411","url":null,"abstract":"Marine plastics have gained infamy as one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time. Their lightweight and durable properties, and low cost of production have made them an attractive material for packaging and shipping. This production-side preference for cheap plastic products and packaging, coupled with consumption preferences for pre-packaged, single-use goods that ultimately overwhelm increasingly costly waste management efforts, has resulted in a persistent, ubiquitous presence of plastic materials globally. Grounded in an extensive review of the literature, this paper reviews the geography of marine plastics research, and the pervasive and persistent effects of plastic on the marine system to aid the discussions of comprehensive mitigation measures. The discussion points raised in this paper highlight the need for a global systems perspective that considers geography, environmental impacts, and sources in order to develop effective mitigation responses to marine litter. ","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42308118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing from both historical ethnographic sociology and more recently collected narrative data, we trace changing resilience strategies employed by Irish family farms. We focus specifically on collective action within farm families and communities, a pathway to resilience that has traditionally depended on patriarchal relations and an accession of individual interests to the survival of the family farm. We find that new conditions for resilience have emerged, disrupting relationships on which historical forms of collective action depended. Threatened with the flight of women and youth towards off-farm opportunities, resilience strategies have come to accommodate better and respond to the needs of individuals in farm families. However, if the farm is to survive, family members remain collectively challenged with meeting its physical demands. One contemporary resilience strategy employs Joint Farming Ventures (JFVs), which involve formalised collaborative arrangements between husbands and wives, parents and offspring, non-immediate relatives, and farming neighbours. We find women and men at different stages in the lifecourse are employing JFVs to drive and resource renewed resilience strategies. Reconstituted relational arrangements within the farm family allow the farm to draw from an increased range of resources through an enhanced commitment of diverse farm family members. By prioritising the family farm, contemporary resilience strategies are consistent with historical ones but create greater capacity for family farm resilience by boosting reservoirs of social, cultural and economic capital available to the farm. This insight goes some way towards shedding light on the intricate puzzle that is the remarkable resilience of Irish family farms and those continuing to exist worldwide.
{"title":"Strategies of Resilience: Cooperation in Irish Family Farming","authors":"Á. Macken-Walsh","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1409","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from both historical ethnographic sociology and more recently collected narrative data, we trace changing resilience strategies employed by Irish family farms. We focus specifically on collective action within farm families and communities, a pathway to resilience that has traditionally depended on patriarchal relations and an accession of individual interests to the survival of the family farm. We find that new conditions for resilience have emerged, disrupting relationships on which historical forms of collective action depended. Threatened with the flight of women and youth towards off-farm opportunities, resilience strategies have come to accommodate better and respond to the needs of individuals in farm families. However, if the farm is to survive, family members remain collectively challenged with meeting its physical demands. One contemporary resilience strategy employs Joint Farming Ventures (JFVs), which involve formalised collaborative arrangements between husbands and wives, parents and offspring, non-immediate relatives, and farming neighbours. We find women and men at different stages in the lifecourse are employing JFVs to drive and resource renewed resilience strategies. Reconstituted relational arrangements within the farm family allow the farm to draw from an increased range of resources through an enhanced commitment of diverse farm family members. By prioritising the family farm, contemporary resilience strategies are consistent with historical ones but create greater capacity for family farm resilience by boosting reservoirs of social, cultural and economic capital available to the farm. This insight goes some way towards shedding light on the intricate puzzle that is the remarkable resilience of Irish family farms and those continuing to exist worldwide.","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, about one-third of final energy use and associated carbon dioxide emissions are sourced from buildings, the great majority of which are located in urban areas. Not surprisingly, managing building energy demand is a focus of city-based climate change policies while simultaneously tackling issues of fuel poverty. Assessing the potential for mitigation and evaluating the efficacy of energy policies relies on knowledge of the urban building stock, which varies geographically based on the age of building and retrofits that may have taken place. However, building data at a detailed scale are rarely available for these purposes. In this research, we present a geographic building database for Dublin city centre using a typology approach. The resulting data consists of material and energy attributes of over 25,000 buildings that have been constructed over a 200-year period. These data are used to estimate the energy ratings of households and to evaluate historic and potential retrofitting. In addition to energy studies, they provide a fundamental dataset on buildings that can be used to evaluate official sources and to support a wide range of urban research topics. The methodology used here is sufficiently general in nature that it can be expanded to other cities in Ireland and Europe.
{"title":"An inventory of buildings in Dublin City for energy management","authors":"Niall Buckley, G. Mills, R. Fealy","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I1.1408","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, about one-third of final energy use and associated carbon dioxide emissions are sourced from buildings, the great majority of which are located in urban areas. Not surprisingly, managing building energy demand is a focus of city-based climate change policies while simultaneously tackling issues of fuel poverty. Assessing the potential for mitigation and evaluating the efficacy of energy policies relies on knowledge of the urban building stock, which varies geographically based on the age of building and retrofits that may have taken place. However, building data at a detailed scale are rarely available for these purposes. In this research, we present a geographic building database for Dublin city centre using a typology approach. The resulting data consists of material and energy attributes of over 25,000 buildings that have been constructed over a 200-year period. These data are used to estimate the energy ratings of households and to evaluate historic and potential retrofitting. In addition to energy studies, they provide a fundamental dataset on buildings that can be used to evaluate official sources and to support a wide range of urban research topics. The methodology used here is sufficiently general in nature that it can be expanded to other cities in Ireland and Europe.","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Guzman, M. Garrido-Cumbrera, O. Braçe, D. Hewlett, R. Foley
Given the impact of COVID-19 on populations, especially under lockdown conditions, there has been more attention than ever focused on the role of nature, including green and blue spaces, to act as a form of health-enabler across societies. Access to green space, with its potential for physical activity and mental health support has been specifically identified within the literature as an important asset for neighbourhood and citizen health and wellbeing. The established positive relationships between access to and benefits from green and blue space are variable over space, both in terms of the kinds of built environments in which people live, but also the availability nearby of natural assets like parks, coasts, rivers, etc.;as well as ease of access to those spaces for all citizens. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have developed as part of their public health strategies, a series of lockdown measures in which citizens have either been confined to home, or at best, a small catchment area immediately surrounding their homes. As part of a flurry of recent research on such relationships, the GreenCOVID study was carried out by a group of researchers in Spain, the UK and Ireland, all broadly operating to a similar framework and collecting information from the general adult population in each of the three countries. This short commentary introduces the survey alongside preliminary Irish results specifically focused on household characteristics, access to nearby green space as well as a measure of psychological wellbeing.
{"title":"Health and Wellbeing under Covid-19: The GreenCovid Survey","authors":"V. Guzman, M. Garrido-Cumbrera, O. Braçe, D. Hewlett, R. Foley","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I2.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I2.1420","url":null,"abstract":"Given the impact of COVID-19 on populations, especially under lockdown conditions, there has been more attention than ever focused on the role of nature, including green and blue spaces, to act as a form of health-enabler across societies. Access to green space, with its potential for physical activity and mental health support has been specifically identified within the literature as an important asset for neighbourhood and citizen health and wellbeing. The established positive relationships between access to and benefits from green and blue space are variable over space, both in terms of the kinds of built environments in which people live, but also the availability nearby of natural assets like parks, coasts, rivers, etc.;as well as ease of access to those spaces for all citizens. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have developed as part of their public health strategies, a series of lockdown measures in which citizens have either been confined to home, or at best, a small catchment area immediately surrounding their homes. As part of a flurry of recent research on such relationships, the GreenCOVID study was carried out by a group of researchers in Spain, the UK and Ireland, all broadly operating to a similar framework and collecting information from the general adult population in each of the three countries. This short commentary introduces the survey alongside preliminary Irish results specifically focused on household characteristics, access to nearby green space as well as a measure of psychological wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48697015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding where ticks are found, and the drivers of their geographic distributions is imperative for successful epidemiological precautions. Predictive models of tick distributions are often projected using solely abiotic (e.g. climate) variables, despite the strong biotic interaction that host species undoubtedly have with parasitic species. We used species distribution modelling to project the distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Ireland and the United Kingdom using different combinations of abiotic, biotic, and abiotic-biotic variables. We found that models parameterised solely on abiotic variables generally reported lower accuracy and ecological realism than models that incorporated biotic factors alongside climate. We also investigated representation of host distribution in models, testing four different methods (habitat suitability of individual hosts, presence-absence of individual hosts, ensembled habitat suitability, and ensembled presence-absence). Biotic representations of ensembled host distributions alongside abiotic variables reported the highest accuracy, with the variable representing host diversity (e.g. number of host species) the most important variable when measured using a jackknife test. Moreover, our results suggested how host distributions are represented (i.e. presence-absence, habitat suitability) greatly impacted results, with differences reported among habitat specialists and generalists. Results suggest that it is now imperative for projections of parasitic species to include a representation of biotic factors with host species. This research has improved our understanding of the drivers of tick distributions in a national context, and the investigation of biotic representation should foster discussion among researchers working in species distribution modelling and the wider biogeography discipline.
{"title":"Incorporating host-parasite biotic factors in species distribution models: Modelling the distribution of the castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus","authors":"Sinead McDonough, P. Holloway","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V53I2.1416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V53I2.1416","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding where ticks are found, and the drivers of their geographic distributions is imperative for successful epidemiological precautions. Predictive models of tick distributions are often projected using solely abiotic (e.g. climate) variables, despite the strong biotic interaction that host species undoubtedly have with parasitic species. We used species distribution modelling to project the distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Ireland and the United Kingdom using different combinations of abiotic, biotic, and abiotic-biotic variables. We found that models parameterised solely on abiotic variables generally reported lower accuracy and ecological realism than models that incorporated biotic factors alongside climate. We also investigated representation of host distribution in models, testing four different methods (habitat suitability of individual hosts, presence-absence of individual hosts, ensembled habitat suitability, and ensembled presence-absence). Biotic representations of ensembled host distributions alongside abiotic variables reported the highest accuracy, with the variable representing host diversity (e.g. number of host species) the most important variable when measured using a jackknife test. Moreover, our results suggested how host distributions are represented (i.e. presence-absence, habitat suitability) greatly impacted results, with differences reported among habitat specialists and generalists. Results suggest that it is now imperative for projections of parasitic species to include a representation of biotic factors with host species. This research has improved our understanding of the drivers of tick distributions in a national context, and the investigation of biotic representation should foster discussion among researchers working in species distribution modelling and the wider biogeography discipline. ","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44613557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pending exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union has far-reaching consequences for the political geography of the island of Ireland. The current territorial settlement founded on the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA) was made possible by the common membership of Ireland and the UK of the European Union. The logic of the Good Friday Agreement replaced competing territorial claims with a settlement whereby the territoriality of Northern Ireland has shifted from that of a bounded container space within the UK to a relational space, dependent on North- South-and Ireland-UK relations within the broader European context. Brexit continues to represent a moment of critical transformation with as yet very uncertain outcomes. This paper explores the potential for a nuanced understanding of the ‘island of Ireland’ and Irish border region pre- and post-Brexit, as liminal ‘soft spaces’; spaces of possibility located outside the formal spheres of nation-state territoriality, but nevertheless very much located within the shadow of territory.
{"title":"Brexit Geographies: Spatial Imaginaries and Relational Territorialities on the Island of Ireland","authors":"C. Walsh","doi":"10.2014/IGJ.V52I2.1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2014/IGJ.V52I2.1398","url":null,"abstract":"The pending exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union has far-reaching consequences for the political geography of the island of Ireland. The current territorial settlement founded on the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA) was made possible by the common membership of Ireland and the UK of the European Union. The logic of the Good Friday Agreement replaced competing territorial claims with a settlement whereby the territoriality of Northern Ireland has shifted from that of a bounded container space within the UK to a relational space, dependent on North- South-and Ireland-UK relations within the broader European context. Brexit continues to represent a moment of critical transformation with as yet very uncertain outcomes. This paper explores the potential for a nuanced understanding of the ‘island of Ireland’ and Irish border region pre- and post-Brexit, as liminal ‘soft spaces’; spaces of possibility located outside the formal spheres of nation-state territoriality, but nevertheless very much located within the shadow of territory. ","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping Laois from the 16th to the 21st century by Arnold Horner","authors":"Clair McDonald","doi":"10.55650/igj.2019.1403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55650/igj.2019.1403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35618,"journal":{"name":"Irish Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141209439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：