Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914153
B. Fruth, H. Looser, Detlef Hummes, Wojciech Betlej
The reliability of rotating electrical machines is of prime importance for the owner. Unplanned outages may lead to significant production losses. (Remote) monitoring of critical insulation components (rotor and stator) allows the recognition of a developing problem at a very early stage, so that counter measures can be initiated before major damage occurs. A (multi-parameter) monitoring system has been designed, which targets specifically the insulation of large electrical machines. Its remote access (LAN, Internet) allows user and experts to access data, receive warnings and eventually determine corrective actions any time. In order to monitor the long-term efficiency and quality of maintenance and to try and establish the start of problems, the following basic techniques are typically applied on-line, and are part of the monitoring system.
{"title":"Integrated remote insulation condition monitoring of generators and motors using traditional and wireless sensor technologies","authors":"B. Fruth, H. Looser, Detlef Hummes, Wojciech Betlej","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914153","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of rotating electrical machines is of prime importance for the owner. Unplanned outages may lead to significant production losses. (Remote) monitoring of critical insulation components (rotor and stator) allows the recognition of a developing problem at a very early stage, so that counter measures can be initiated before major damage occurs. A (multi-parameter) monitoring system has been designed, which targets specifically the insulation of large electrical machines. Its remote access (LAN, Internet) allows user and experts to access data, receive warnings and eventually determine corrective actions any time. In order to monitor the long-term efficiency and quality of maintenance and to try and establish the start of problems, the following basic techniques are typically applied on-line, and are part of the monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121080194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914204
M. Razali, N. S. Ahmad, Z. M. Zaki, W. Ismail
Adaptive threshold works at pixel level and the result of the adaptive threshold is either background or foreground. The adaptive threshold produces superior result compared to global threshold, especially for the images that have uneven pixel intensity distribution. In the dental age assessment, X-ray image is used as an aid to estimate the age of the person. The existing process of assessment is done manually. However, this can be made automatically. The process of automated dental age assessment, require threshold segmentation to separate the background and the teeth area. In order to optimize the result of the adaptive threshold, it depends on the threshold value. In this paper, we present three methods (i.e. mean, median and OTSU) to estimate the range of the threshold value. The result of the study shown that the median threshold provides better results than the mean and OTSU thresholds. In terms of the region of the segmentation, median threshold value covers more teeth followed by mean threshold and OTSU threshold. The region of segmentation is important because one of the requirements in Demirjian method is to assess all the teeth types in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.Based on the result of the experiment shown the region of median threshold able to segment most of the teeth area in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.
{"title":"Region of adaptive threshold segmentation between mean, median and otsu threshold for dental age assessment","authors":"M. Razali, N. S. Ahmad, Z. M. Zaki, W. Ismail","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914204","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive threshold works at pixel level and the result of the adaptive threshold is either background or foreground. The adaptive threshold produces superior result compared to global threshold, especially for the images that have uneven pixel intensity distribution. In the dental age assessment, X-ray image is used as an aid to estimate the age of the person. The existing process of assessment is done manually. However, this can be made automatically. The process of automated dental age assessment, require threshold segmentation to separate the background and the teeth area. In order to optimize the result of the adaptive threshold, it depends on the threshold value. In this paper, we present three methods (i.e. mean, median and OTSU) to estimate the range of the threshold value. The result of the study shown that the median threshold provides better results than the mean and OTSU thresholds. In terms of the region of the segmentation, median threshold value covers more teeth followed by mean threshold and OTSU threshold. The region of segmentation is important because one of the requirements in Demirjian method is to assess all the teeth types in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.Based on the result of the experiment shown the region of median threshold able to segment most of the teeth area in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115308233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914224
Y. Iskandar, Noornasirah Nasri
E-commerce is influencing Malaysia's social and economic competitiveness. With the speedy development of e-commerce, to train the high qualified talent is the opportunity and challenge to the business training especially in sports industry. Sport Industry known as a young industry with a highest potential to develop. Sports e-commerce is a good platform as e-commerce growth very fast in since decades. Malaysia has a vision to create a strong industry based on sports that could boost the economy and further contribute to the GDP. Business owners play an important role to conduct sports business. Upon successful completion of business owners personal training. Training activities should be designed and developed based on a pedagogical approach. Business owners will need to get organized and set up their business as smoothly as possible. This paper will replicable model of competency and specific learning outcomes for B2B business owners who wish to learn e-commerce with an active and reflective pedagogical approach.
{"title":"Model of competency for personalized training in B2B for sports industry","authors":"Y. Iskandar, Noornasirah Nasri","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914224","url":null,"abstract":"E-commerce is influencing Malaysia's social and economic competitiveness. With the speedy development of e-commerce, to train the high qualified talent is the opportunity and challenge to the business training especially in sports industry. Sport Industry known as a young industry with a highest potential to develop. Sports e-commerce is a good platform as e-commerce growth very fast in since decades. Malaysia has a vision to create a strong industry based on sports that could boost the economy and further contribute to the GDP. Business owners play an important role to conduct sports business. Upon successful completion of business owners personal training. Training activities should be designed and developed based on a pedagogical approach. Business owners will need to get organized and set up their business as smoothly as possible. This paper will replicable model of competency and specific learning outcomes for B2B business owners who wish to learn e-commerce with an active and reflective pedagogical approach.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115064484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914196
Sandrawarman Balasundram, M. Jenu, S. Z. Sapuan
This paper presents the measured gain values of a passive horn antenna, acquired by employing metallic reflector alone coupled with a vector network analyzer, in compliance with the image theory. Such novel methodology provides an alternative to the conventional three-antenna or two-antenna gain measurement method. The gain values were computed by a simple formula based on the distance between antenna and reflector, operating frequency, S-parameter and the speed of light. The antenna was directed first at an absorber, and then at a reflector to obtain the S11 parameter with the aid of a complex network analyzer. The studies were conducted in three settings - shielding room, anechoic chamber and open space - at antenna-reflector distances of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m and 4 m. The computed results were compared with and analyzed in accordance to the manufacturing data. Encouragingly, the computed data corresponded closely to the manufacturer's data at the distance of 0.5 m for anechoic chamber, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93; and at the distance of 1 m for shielding room and open space, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. These findings suggest that while the image theory-based single-antenna method demands less space, time and cost, this economical approach can be further improved by taking into consideration such governing factors as signal losses, reflective sources, optimization of far-field distances as well as the reflector size required for calculating the gain.
{"title":"Impact of test area in antenna gain measurement using image theory","authors":"Sandrawarman Balasundram, M. Jenu, S. Z. Sapuan","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914196","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the measured gain values of a passive horn antenna, acquired by employing metallic reflector alone coupled with a vector network analyzer, in compliance with the image theory. Such novel methodology provides an alternative to the conventional three-antenna or two-antenna gain measurement method. The gain values were computed by a simple formula based on the distance between antenna and reflector, operating frequency, S-parameter and the speed of light. The antenna was directed first at an absorber, and then at a reflector to obtain the S11 parameter with the aid of a complex network analyzer. The studies were conducted in three settings - shielding room, anechoic chamber and open space - at antenna-reflector distances of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m and 4 m. The computed results were compared with and analyzed in accordance to the manufacturing data. Encouragingly, the computed data corresponded closely to the manufacturer's data at the distance of 0.5 m for anechoic chamber, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93; and at the distance of 1 m for shielding room and open space, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 and 0.79, respectively. These findings suggest that while the image theory-based single-antenna method demands less space, time and cost, this economical approach can be further improved by taking into consideration such governing factors as signal losses, reflective sources, optimization of far-field distances as well as the reflector size required for calculating the gain.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914226
C. Behera, T. Reddy, L. Behera, Bishakh Bhattacarya
Electroencephalographic arousals are characterized by a sudden shift in electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency during sleep. Occurrence of arousals causes improper sleep which is the main reason of day-time sleepiness. The arousal during the sleep is detected by analyzing a multimodal multichannel Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings. It is a time consuming task to analyze the recording manually and requires a lot of patience. Hence automation of the process is required. This task becomes difficult because of the presence of a lot of events in time in relation to various bio-medical signals available through Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings. In this paper we present a method to detect the arousals in sleep automatically. Firstly two sets of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels C4/M1 and C3=M2 and an electromyogram (EMG) channel are chosen for preprocessing. Then the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are passed through a bandpass filter of 8-30 Hz in order to extract the signal containing only the alpha and beta frequency components. The events are detected when the Power spectral density of this filtered signal crosses a threshold of zero. When an event is detected the relevant features from Alpha, Beta, Theta, Delta, and sigma waves are extracted. Similarly when electromyogram (EMG) signal crosses a threshold of zero events are detected and relevant features are extracted for the corresponding events. Now all these features are grouped together along with the corresponding labels and used as inputs to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Classifier to detect the presence of arousals. The novelty of this work relies on using both Hjorth and Power Spectral density difference spectrum features leading to improved accuracy than either of them alone. Considering 10 overnight sleep recordings We recorded an average sensitivity of 0.93262, average specificity of 0.91387, average precision of 0.91693 and average Area under Region of Convergence curve (AUC) of 0.92328 (showing a good measure of overall performance).
{"title":"Artificial neural network based arousal detection from sleep electroencephalogram data","authors":"C. Behera, T. Reddy, L. Behera, Bishakh Bhattacarya","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914226","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalographic arousals are characterized by a sudden shift in electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency during sleep. Occurrence of arousals causes improper sleep which is the main reason of day-time sleepiness. The arousal during the sleep is detected by analyzing a multimodal multichannel Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings. It is a time consuming task to analyze the recording manually and requires a lot of patience. Hence automation of the process is required. This task becomes difficult because of the presence of a lot of events in time in relation to various bio-medical signals available through Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings. In this paper we present a method to detect the arousals in sleep automatically. Firstly two sets of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels C4/M1 and C3=M2 and an electromyogram (EMG) channel are chosen for preprocessing. Then the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are passed through a bandpass filter of 8-30 Hz in order to extract the signal containing only the alpha and beta frequency components. The events are detected when the Power spectral density of this filtered signal crosses a threshold of zero. When an event is detected the relevant features from Alpha, Beta, Theta, Delta, and sigma waves are extracted. Similarly when electromyogram (EMG) signal crosses a threshold of zero events are detected and relevant features are extracted for the corresponding events. Now all these features are grouped together along with the corresponding labels and used as inputs to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Classifier to detect the presence of arousals. The novelty of this work relies on using both Hjorth and Power Spectral density difference spectrum features leading to improved accuracy than either of them alone. Considering 10 overnight sleep recordings We recorded an average sensitivity of 0.93262, average specificity of 0.91387, average precision of 0.91693 and average Area under Region of Convergence curve (AUC) of 0.92328 (showing a good measure of overall performance).","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115784053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914210
Z. Mustapa, S. Saat, S. Husin, N. Abas
This paper discusses on attitude control of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in real time application. The paper describes the controller design method for the hovering control of UAV automatic vertical take-off system. In order to take-off the quadcopter and stable the altitude, PID controller has been designed. The scope of study is to develop an altitude controller of the vertical take-off as realistic as possible. The quadcopter flight system has nonlinear characteristics. A simulation is conducted to test and analyze the control performance of the quadcopter model. The simulation was conducted by using Mat-lab Simulink. On the other hand, for the real time application, the PCI-1711 data acquisition card is used as an interface for controller design which routes from Simulink to hardware. This study showed the controller designs are implemented and tuned to the real system using Real Time Windows Target approach by Mat-Lab Simulink.
{"title":"Altitude controller design for multi-copter UAV","authors":"Z. Mustapa, S. Saat, S. Husin, N. Abas","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914210","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses on attitude control of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in real time application. The paper describes the controller design method for the hovering control of UAV automatic vertical take-off system. In order to take-off the quadcopter and stable the altitude, PID controller has been designed. The scope of study is to develop an altitude controller of the vertical take-off as realistic as possible. The quadcopter flight system has nonlinear characteristics. A simulation is conducted to test and analyze the control performance of the quadcopter model. The simulation was conducted by using Mat-lab Simulink. On the other hand, for the real time application, the PCI-1711 data acquisition card is used as an interface for controller design which routes from Simulink to hardware. This study showed the controller designs are implemented and tuned to the real system using Real Time Windows Target approach by Mat-Lab Simulink.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125760313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914172
H. Khor, Siau-Chuin Liew, J. M. Zain
With the advancement of technology in communication network, it facilitated digital medical images transmitted to healthcare professional via internal network or public network (e.g. Internet). Consequently, digital medical image security has become an important issue when images and their pertinent patient information are exposed to the threats, such as tampering of images to include false data which may lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment. Medical image distortion is not to be tolerated for diagnosis purposes, thus a reversible watermarking is introduced. This paper reviews the works that have done on the reversible watermarking scheme with tamper localization and recovery capability.
{"title":"A review of reversible medical image watermarking scheme with tamper localization and recovery capability","authors":"H. Khor, Siau-Chuin Liew, J. M. Zain","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914172","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of technology in communication network, it facilitated digital medical images transmitted to healthcare professional via internal network or public network (e.g. Internet). Consequently, digital medical image security has become an important issue when images and their pertinent patient information are exposed to the threats, such as tampering of images to include false data which may lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment. Medical image distortion is not to be tolerated for diagnosis purposes, thus a reversible watermarking is introduced. This paper reviews the works that have done on the reversible watermarking scheme with tamper localization and recovery capability.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132103579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914135
Soheil Shahrokhi, K. Mohammadpour‐Aghdam, Payam Ebrahimipour, Amir-Mohammad Khezri
This paper presents development and construction of an integrated dual inputs down-converter in the 18-40 GHz frequency range with noise figure better than 13 dB, average conversion gain of 20 dB and phase noise of better than -96 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. This configuration provides the highest gain with third order intercept point of 10 dBm. This module consists of two channels: 18-30 GHz and 26-40 GHz. The overlapping bands allow receiving of wide band signals. The received signals are down-converted to 2-16 GHz. This module has been miniaturized in order to be integrated with the reception antenna module in compact configuration. The paper describes the motivation, subsystems configuration and the results of measurements.
{"title":"Ultra-low phase noise compact down-converter with frequency coverage of 18–40 GHz","authors":"Soheil Shahrokhi, K. Mohammadpour‐Aghdam, Payam Ebrahimipour, Amir-Mohammad Khezri","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914135","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents development and construction of an integrated dual inputs down-converter in the 18-40 GHz frequency range with noise figure better than 13 dB, average conversion gain of 20 dB and phase noise of better than -96 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. This configuration provides the highest gain with third order intercept point of 10 dBm. This module consists of two channels: 18-30 GHz and 26-40 GHz. The overlapping bands allow receiving of wide band signals. The received signals are down-converted to 2-16 GHz. This module has been miniaturized in order to be integrated with the reception antenna module in compact configuration. The paper describes the motivation, subsystems configuration and the results of measurements.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133004662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914179
H. Khan, Mohd Naz'ri bin Mahrin, Suriayati bt Chuprat
In order to have a successful software development in Global Software Development (GSD) environment, GSD community needs to define RE process by considering the situational characteristics. Currently Requirement Engineers (RE) are facing challenges in identification of the possible situational factors that can influence RE activities. There is a lack of such framework which can help requirement engineers in identifying the situational factors that affect the RE activities the most. In order to overcome this gap, we explored the situational factors that can influence RE activities. We conducted a survey in industry and performed a statistical analysis in order to identify the most influential factors, which were then formulated into situational RE framework. This framework not only helps RE process participants to identify the situational factors but also guides them to identify the most influential situational factors for each RE activity.
{"title":"Situational requirement engineering framework for Global Software Development","authors":"H. Khan, Mohd Naz'ri bin Mahrin, Suriayati bt Chuprat","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914179","url":null,"abstract":"In order to have a successful software development in Global Software Development (GSD) environment, GSD community needs to define RE process by considering the situational characteristics. Currently Requirement Engineers (RE) are facing challenges in identification of the possible situational factors that can influence RE activities. There is a lack of such framework which can help requirement engineers in identifying the situational factors that affect the RE activities the most. In order to overcome this gap, we explored the situational factors that can influence RE activities. We conducted a survey in industry and performed a statistical analysis in order to identify the most influential factors, which were then formulated into situational RE framework. This framework not only helps RE process participants to identify the situational factors but also guides them to identify the most influential situational factors for each RE activity.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132820800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-02DOI: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914184
N. Johari, Jegatis Balaiyah, Zulkifli Ahmad
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranked as the fifth leading cause of death in 2002 and it is had been predicted to become fourth leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. COPD is a disease that will narrow the airway progressively and it alters the behaviour of normal breathing flow. This study aims to investigate the changes of flow pattern and pressure distribution with respect the presence of COPD on the airway's lumen. Four airway models were generated based on the fifth to eighth generations of Weibel's lung model. The simulations were carried out using Reynolds number ranging of 200 to 1400, corresponding to an average height man breathing from rest to vigorous state. The three-dimensional (3D) incompressible laminar Navier-Stokes equations are solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. This method overcomes the problem of the absence of actual images for different COPD locations. The simulation results show that the obstructed airways significantly alter the air flow rate ratio due to the recirculation happens at the obstructed model which prevents air to enter the lower generation. It is found that, as the Reynolds number increases, the pressure drop also increased drastically in obstructed airway.
{"title":"Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on airflow motion using computational fluid dynamics analysis","authors":"N. Johari, Jegatis Balaiyah, Zulkifli Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914184","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranked as the fifth leading cause of death in 2002 and it is had been predicted to become fourth leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. COPD is a disease that will narrow the airway progressively and it alters the behaviour of normal breathing flow. This study aims to investigate the changes of flow pattern and pressure distribution with respect the presence of COPD on the airway's lumen. Four airway models were generated based on the fifth to eighth generations of Weibel's lung model. The simulations were carried out using Reynolds number ranging of 200 to 1400, corresponding to an average height man breathing from rest to vigorous state. The three-dimensional (3D) incompressible laminar Navier-Stokes equations are solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. This method overcomes the problem of the absence of actual images for different COPD locations. The simulation results show that the obstructed airways significantly alter the air flow rate ratio due to the recirculation happens at the obstructed model which prevents air to enter the lower generation. It is found that, as the Reynolds number increases, the pressure drop also increased drastically in obstructed airway.","PeriodicalId":356190,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124485201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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