Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.53
D. Shin, Eun-kyoung Shin
Leprosy is an important topic in the research field of bioanthropology and paleopathology. In this study, by reviewing historical documents, we are to investigate the life and death of leprosy patients during Joseon period. In historical records of Korea, though many leprosy patients suffered from being casted out of the Joseon society, some lucky patients spent the rest of life at home, fully supported by their family and relatives. Although these cases might not represent the entire leprosy patient, when they died, the family buried them politely according to the Confucian ritual commonly practiced at the time. Actually, very few leprosy cases in Korean history have been reported from anthropological studies so far. The present review shows that the discovery of leprosy patients from ancient human skeletons in Korea is not entirely hopeless.
{"title":"A Life and Death of the Leprosy Patients in Joseon Society Considered from the Anthropological Perspective","authors":"D. Shin, Eun-kyoung Shin","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Leprosy is an important topic in the research field of bioanthropology and paleopathology. In this study, by reviewing historical documents, we are to investigate the life and death of leprosy patients during Joseon period. In historical records of Korea, though many leprosy patients suffered from being casted out of the Joseon society, some lucky patients spent the rest of life at home, fully supported by their family and relatives. Although these cases might not represent the entire leprosy patient, when they died, the family buried them politely according to the Confucian ritual commonly practiced at the time. Actually, very few leprosy cases in Korean history have been reported from anthropological studies so far. The present review shows that the discovery of leprosy patients from ancient human skeletons in Korea is not entirely hopeless.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117266736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2019.32.2.61
C. Oh, J. Hong, D. Shin
: In archaeological excavation sites in Korea, human skeletal remains of various periods were discovered. However, there have been very few studies on skeletal cases of Goryeo period so far. Therefore, in order to obtain the genetic profiles of Goryeo period Korean people at that time, we tried to reveal haplogroups by mtDNA analysis of four skeletons from Goryeo period graves. In this study, the haplogroup identified from them were D4b2b, D4e1a1, D4 and N9a1 ʹ 3, respectively. This study is invaluable because it is one of the rare reports of genetic information of Korean people of Goryeo Dynsaty.
{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Human Skeletons from Goryeo Dynasty Graves Discovered at Youngwol, Gangwon-do","authors":"C. Oh, J. Hong, D. Shin","doi":"10.11637/aba.2019.32.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2019.32.2.61","url":null,"abstract":": In archaeological excavation sites in Korea, human skeletal remains of various periods were discovered. However, there have been very few studies on skeletal cases of Goryeo period so far. Therefore, in order to obtain the genetic profiles of Goryeo period Korean people at that time, we tried to reveal haplogroups by mtDNA analysis of four skeletons from Goryeo period graves. In this study, the haplogroup identified from them were D4b2b, D4e1a1, D4 and N9a1 ʹ 3, respectively. This study is invaluable because it is one of the rare reports of genetic information of Korean people of Goryeo Dynsaty.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.77
C. Oh, D. Shin, Yong Geun Kim, Jun Bum Park
: The mummies and skeletons excavated at the archaeological excavation site are an anthropologically important research subject. However, after the scientific analysis on them, it is sometimes necessary return them to their relatives for reburial. The descendants expect that the ancestor’s reburial process could be performed in fully respectful manner, but the details of the process have not been fully discussed among the researchers concerned. In this report, we thus tried to share our experience for treatment of the ancient people’s dead body before moving over to the family. In general, it is necessary for anthropologists to be skilled enough to carry out the funeral ritual that is commonly accepted among the Korean people. In case of skeletonized cases, each body part should be placed in correct anatomical position inside the coffin. As for the mummies, we will treat them in more respectful manner; for instance, putting them on with new clothes before returning to the family. Taken together, when ancient people’s skeletonized or mummified body would be returned to their family, the proper way of treatment should be applied according to each circumstance; and this careful consideration could be a great help to maintain the dignity of the people who was accidentally discovered at the ancient graves in excavation field.
{"title":"How to Return Mummified or Skeletal Human Remains to their Descendants after Anthropological Investigation","authors":"C. Oh, D. Shin, Yong Geun Kim, Jun Bum Park","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.77","url":null,"abstract":": The mummies and skeletons excavated at the archaeological excavation site are an anthropologically important research subject. However, after the scientific analysis on them, it is sometimes necessary return them to their relatives for reburial. The descendants expect that the ancestor’s reburial process could be performed in fully respectful manner, but the details of the process have not been fully discussed among the researchers concerned. In this report, we thus tried to share our experience for treatment of the ancient people’s dead body before moving over to the family. In general, it is necessary for anthropologists to be skilled enough to carry out the funeral ritual that is commonly accepted among the Korean people. In case of skeletonized cases, each body part should be placed in correct anatomical position inside the coffin. As for the mummies, we will treat them in more respectful manner; for instance, putting them on with new clothes before returning to the family. Taken together, when ancient people’s skeletonized or mummified body would be returned to their family, the proper way of treatment should be applied according to each circumstance; and this careful consideration could be a great help to maintain the dignity of the people who was accidentally discovered at the ancient graves in excavation field.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125945165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.43
V. Mushrif-Tripathy
India provides large number of skeletal data from the preand protohistoric levels covering a time span of almost 10,000 years. Major skeletal collection comes from the cultural phases ranging from the Mesolithic, Harappan, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Iron Age levels. After the Early Historic phase cremation became the most common method for disposing the dead. Though the relevant documentation is far less than complete, recovery of human burials has been reported from more than 300 sites (Mushrif-Tripathy et al. 2016) and a conservative estimate would lead to imagine approximately 2000 human skeletons. The human skeletal analysis started around 1950s and initial focus of the study was to understand the racial classification of the skulls and to prove the Indo-Aryan invasion theory. Later from 1980s multidisplinary approach including socio-cultural anthropology, growth and nutrition and medical anthropology were considered. The recent development includes the use of new scientific methods like isotope, aDNA, DXA scans, and Scanning Electron Microscope studies etc. are consider to understand ancient inhabitants of Indian Sub-continent.
印度提供了大量的史前和史前水平的骨骼数据，涵盖了近1万年的时间跨度。主要的骨骼收藏来自中石器时代、哈拉帕时代、新石器时代、铜石器时代和铁器时代的文化阶段。在早期历史阶段之后，火葬成为处置死者最常用的方法。尽管相关文献远不完整，但据报道，在300多个地点发现了人类墓葬(Mushrif-Tripathy et al. 2016)，保守估计，大约有2000具人类骨骼。人类骨骼分析始于20世纪50年代左右，最初的研究重点是了解头骨的种族分类，并证明印度雅利安人入侵理论。后来从20世纪80年代开始，考虑了多学科方法，包括社会文化人类学，生长和营养以及医学人类学。最近的发展包括使用同位素、aDNA、DXA扫描和扫描电子显微镜研究等新的科学方法来了解印度次大陆的古代居民。
{"title":"Tales from Fragments: A Review of Indian Human Skeletal Studies","authors":"V. Mushrif-Tripathy","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.2.43","url":null,"abstract":"India provides large number of skeletal data from the preand protohistoric levels covering a time span of almost 10,000 years. Major skeletal collection comes from the cultural phases ranging from the Mesolithic, Harappan, Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Iron Age levels. After the Early Historic phase cremation became the most common method for disposing the dead. Though the relevant documentation is far less than complete, recovery of human burials has been reported from more than 300 sites (Mushrif-Tripathy et al. 2016) and a conservative estimate would lead to imagine approximately 2000 human skeletons. The human skeletal analysis started around 1950s and initial focus of the study was to understand the racial classification of the skulls and to prove the Indo-Aryan invasion theory. Later from 1980s multidisplinary approach including socio-cultural anthropology, growth and nutrition and medical anthropology were considered. The recent development includes the use of new scientific methods like isotope, aDNA, DXA scans, and Scanning Electron Microscope studies etc. are consider to understand ancient inhabitants of Indian Sub-continent.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.1
C. Jeon, E. Woo, Sunyoung Pak
Tooth wear records valuable information ranging from diets to cultural behaviors such as using teeth as a tool. However, methods analyzing tooth wear in archaeological skeletal remains have been designed and developed with subjective standards and processes. In addition, the definition of measuring range is different by each method and some have not specified it exactly. For this reason, there are limits to attempt a comparison between studies using different types of tooth wear methods even though data on tooth wear in ancient populations have been accumulated for many years. To solve this problem, it is needed to establish a method that can objectively diagnose tooth wear. This study aims to examine systematically a variety of tooth wear methods which have been developed from an anthropological point of view and to consider limitations of each method. A total of 20 research papers which describe a new dental wear method or advanced one were included in this review and then classified into two categories based on the properties of the measurement value, which means both qualitative and quantitative methods of dental wear. Qualitative wear methods were examined according to two subdivisions (1 entire pattern on the occlusal surface, 2 sum of quadrants on the occlusal surface). On the other hand, quantitative wear methods were divided into three classifications (1 angle, 2 height 3 area) and each category was reviewed. This approach enables to help understand the trend about methods for analyzing tooth wear, and would contribute to establishing an objective tooth wear method by more standardized criteria in the near future.
{"title":"Review of Previous Studies on Dental Wear Method","authors":"C. Jeon, E. Woo, Sunyoung Pak","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth wear records valuable information ranging from diets to cultural behaviors such as using teeth as a tool. However, methods analyzing tooth wear in archaeological skeletal remains have been designed and developed with subjective standards and processes. In addition, the definition of measuring range is different by each method and some have not specified it exactly. For this reason, there are limits to attempt a comparison between studies using different types of tooth wear methods even though data on tooth wear in ancient populations have been accumulated for many years. To solve this problem, it is needed to establish a method that can objectively diagnose tooth wear. This study aims to examine systematically a variety of tooth wear methods which have been developed from an anthropological point of view and to consider limitations of each method. A total of 20 research papers which describe a new dental wear method or advanced one were included in this review and then classified into two categories based on the properties of the measurement value, which means both qualitative and quantitative methods of dental wear. Qualitative wear methods were examined according to two subdivisions (1 entire pattern on the occlusal surface, 2 sum of quadrants on the occlusal surface). On the other hand, quantitative wear methods were divided into three classifications (1 angle, 2 height 3 area) and each category was reviewed. This approach enables to help understand the trend about methods for analyzing tooth wear, and would contribute to establishing an objective tooth wear method by more standardized criteria in the near future.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131125652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.9
M. Chung, C. Oh, Young Il Lee
Anatomical terms and medical terms have influenced each other in Korea. The first author of this paper participated in making the sixth edition of the Korean medical terminology (2019) as an anatomist. Experience of the participation is announced to help other anatomists trim the anatomical terms. While the fifth edition of medical terminology included the new anatomical terms minimizing the Chinese terms and the old ones maximizing the Chinese terms, the sixth edition remained only one of the new or old anatomical terms in principle. To make the new anatomical terms more persuasive and more acceptable in the seventh edition of the medical terminology, it is necessary to refine the anatomical terms with reference to the sixth edition.
{"title":"Experience for an Anatomist to Participate in Production of the Korean Medical Terminology","authors":"M. Chung, C. Oh, Young Il Lee","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical terms and medical terms have influenced each other in Korea. The first author of this paper participated in making the sixth edition of the Korean medical terminology (2019) as an anatomist. Experience of the participation is announced to help other anatomists trim the anatomical terms. While the fifth edition of medical terminology included the new anatomical terms minimizing the Chinese terms and the old ones maximizing the Chinese terms, the sixth edition remained only one of the new or old anatomical terms in principle. To make the new anatomical terms more persuasive and more acceptable in the seventh edition of the medical terminology, it is necessary to refine the anatomical terms with reference to the sixth edition.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131641053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.23
E. Woo, Hyunwoo Jung
The purpose of this research is to examine and report the biomechanical characteristics of the past populations that lived in different environments during the Three Kingdom Period of ancient Korea. In this research, the cross-sectional size of the femoral subtrochanter region and mid-shaft was measured for the human skeletal remains excavated from the Three Kingdoms Period sites: Imdang and Yean-ri site. The results showed that two populations were grouped into the platymeric category. Moreover, female groups were more platymeric than males. The difference in platymeric index between populations was significant only among female groups with the samples of Imdang site more platymeric than those of Yean-ri site. Meanwhile, pilasteric indexes in two populations were similar level. This study is the first report of the mechanical characteristics in the Three Kingdoms Period population. Yet, for more detailed understanding, it is necessary to investigate more individuals of indicators for biomechanical loading in ancient Korean populations.
{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Femoral Diaphyseal Cross-sectional Properties from the Three Kingdoms Period Populations, Korea","authors":"E. Woo, Hyunwoo Jung","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine and report the biomechanical characteristics of the past populations that lived in different environments during the Three Kingdom Period of ancient Korea. In this research, the cross-sectional size of the femoral subtrochanter region and mid-shaft was measured for the human skeletal remains excavated from the Three Kingdoms Period sites: Imdang and Yean-ri site. The results showed that two populations were grouped into the platymeric category. Moreover, female groups were more platymeric than males. The difference in platymeric index between populations was significant only among female groups with the samples of Imdang site more platymeric than those of Yean-ri site. Meanwhile, pilasteric indexes in two populations were similar level. This study is the first report of the mechanical characteristics in the Three Kingdoms Period population. Yet, for more detailed understanding, it is necessary to investigate more individuals of indicators for biomechanical loading in ancient Korean populations.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129888195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.17
Kiwook Yang, Sang-Uk Park, Jeong-Yeob Kim, Hyunsu Lee, I. Choi, Jae-Ho Lee
In recent years, the use of smartphone applications for education is increasing. Although applications are being used for various educational aspects such as exams, the study of medical educational application is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of educational applications on medical education by analyzing the utility of and satisfaction with educational applications for histology courses in medical schools. The researcher employed an application called “BAND” that can be used to upload and share microscopic figures taken during histology lectures. A total of 82 first-grade students from Keimyung University Medical School who participated in this study expressed satisfaction with using “BAND”. A total of 68 (83%) students were satisfied with learning histology through the application, and 72 (88%) students indicated that using the application was greatly helpful for the organizational practice test and expressed overall satisfaction with the application use. This benefit was because of easy contact (29.9%), searching ability (29.9%), and memory with humorous methods by friends (20.7%). And it application is most helpful during epithelium section (20.8%) and student want to use this application for anatomy (40.3%) or microbiology (38.8%) practices. The study results imply the need for further research so that the educational application can be used in various medical education fields in the future.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Smartphone Application in Histology Practice","authors":"Kiwook Yang, Sang-Uk Park, Jeong-Yeob Kim, Hyunsu Lee, I. Choi, Jae-Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the use of smartphone applications for education is increasing. Although applications are being used for various educational aspects such as exams, the study of medical educational application is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of educational applications on medical education by analyzing the utility of and satisfaction with educational applications for histology courses in medical schools. The researcher employed an application called “BAND” that can be used to upload and share microscopic figures taken during histology lectures. A total of 82 first-grade students from Keimyung University Medical School who participated in this study expressed satisfaction with using “BAND”. A total of 68 (83%) students were satisfied with learning histology through the application, and 72 (88%) students indicated that using the application was greatly helpful for the organizational practice test and expressed overall satisfaction with the application use. This benefit was because of easy contact (29.9%), searching ability (29.9%), and memory with humorous methods by friends (20.7%). And it application is most helpful during epithelium section (20.8%) and student want to use this application for anatomy (40.3%) or microbiology (38.8%) practices. The study results imply the need for further research so that the educational application can be used in various medical education fields in the future.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121030170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.31
T. Park, Ye-Seon Lim, S. Baek, Sik Yoon
Human lumbar spines usually consist of five vertebrae; however, some individuals have vertebral anomalies with four or six lumbar vertebrae because of the lumbarized first sacral vertebra (lumbarization) or the sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra (sacralization), respectively. These vertebral anomalies are called lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). This study was performed to determine the prevalence of LSTV and to measure their cross-sectional areas of vertebral canal and dural sac in Koreans using magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated 9709 patients, comprising of 5570 male and 4139 female subjects. The prevalence of LSTV in our study population was 3.77%, with a higher incidence of lumbarization than sacralization (p<0.05). The prevalence of lumbarization was 2.27%, with a higher rate in men (60.2%), while the incidence of sacralization was 1.50%, with a higher rate in women (62.7%). Differences between the groups were compared separately for the L4~L5 level which represents the level of lumbarization, and the L5~S1 level which represents the level of sacralization. When the vertebral canal cross-sectional areas (VCCSA) were compared between the normal and LSTV groups, the size of the vertebral canal was found to be smaller in the lumbarization group than in the normal group at the L4~L5 level (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference in VCCSA between the normal and LSTV groups at the L5~S1 level. However, when the dural sac cross-sectional areas were compared between the normal and LSTV groups, the size of the dural sac was larger in the LSTV group than in the normal group at the L5~S1 level (p<0.001). These results could be clinically used as one of the parameters for evaluating lumbar vertebral canal stenosis with LSTV in Koreans.
{"title":"Incidence Rate of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae and Measurement of their Cross-sectional Areas of Vertebral Canal and Dural Sac Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"T. Park, Ye-Seon Lim, S. Baek, Sik Yoon","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2019.32.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Human lumbar spines usually consist of five vertebrae; however, some individuals have vertebral anomalies with four or six lumbar vertebrae because of the lumbarized first sacral vertebra (lumbarization) or the sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra (sacralization), respectively. These vertebral anomalies are called lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV). This study was performed to determine the prevalence of LSTV and to measure their cross-sectional areas of vertebral canal and dural sac in Koreans using magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated 9709 patients, comprising of 5570 male and 4139 female subjects. The prevalence of LSTV in our study population was 3.77%, with a higher incidence of lumbarization than sacralization (p<0.05). The prevalence of lumbarization was 2.27%, with a higher rate in men (60.2%), while the incidence of sacralization was 1.50%, with a higher rate in women (62.7%). Differences between the groups were compared separately for the L4~L5 level which represents the level of lumbarization, and the L5~S1 level which represents the level of sacralization. When the vertebral canal cross-sectional areas (VCCSA) were compared between the normal and LSTV groups, the size of the vertebral canal was found to be smaller in the lumbarization group than in the normal group at the L4~L5 level (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference in VCCSA between the normal and LSTV groups at the L5~S1 level. However, when the dural sac cross-sectional areas were compared between the normal and LSTV groups, the size of the dural sac was larger in the LSTV group than in the normal group at the L5~S1 level (p<0.001). These results could be clinically used as one of the parameters for evaluating lumbar vertebral canal stenosis with LSTV in Koreans.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.2.39
Soo-Jung Jung, Kwang-Sup Park, Jae-Ho Lee
{"title":"Students' Response to Anatomy Practice in era of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Soo-Jung Jung, Kwang-Sup Park, Jae-Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.2.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126580334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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