Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.143
Kwangrak Park, Min-Seok Kim, Young-Seop Lee, Jae-ho Lee
{"title":"Complex Variations in the Course of the Sciatic Nerve and Origin of the Inferior Gluteal Nerve: A Case Report","authors":"Kwangrak Park, Min-Seok Kim, Young-Seop Lee, Jae-ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125149055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.7
M. Hur, H. Jang, C. Oh
: New didactic methods have been introduced for teaching gross anatomy and neuroanatomy, which include modern IT technology such as 3-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual (VR) or augmented reality (AR). These methods have been reported to be educationally effective. Despite several 3D or mnemonic devices used for teaching brainstem anatomy, this part of the brain remains difficult to teach and learn. The difficulty may be associated with the compact localization of the components, with many nuclei and tracts packed in a limited space, which are not easily observed by dissection. Cross sectioning and staining of the brainstem have presented obstacles at the authors’ institution, due to limited laboratory time and inconsistent staining results. To overcome these difficulties and improve students’ understanding of brainstem anatomy, we introduced a hands-on practice of modeling during the neuroanatomy course. Students were required to model the brainstem including the nuclei and nerves using three transparent plastic cups (for midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata), colored clay, thin wire, and colored threads. The brainstem models made by students were evaluated by the teacher. The results of a feedback survey based on a five-point Likert scale showed positive effects of this method.
{"title":"Learning Brainstem Anatomy using Plastic Cup Models","authors":"M. Hur, H. Jang, C. Oh","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.7","url":null,"abstract":": New didactic methods have been introduced for teaching gross anatomy and neuroanatomy, which include modern IT technology such as 3-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual (VR) or augmented reality (AR). These methods have been reported to be educationally effective. Despite several 3D or mnemonic devices used for teaching brainstem anatomy, this part of the brain remains difficult to teach and learn. The difficulty may be associated with the compact localization of the components, with many nuclei and tracts packed in a limited space, which are not easily observed by dissection. Cross sectioning and staining of the brainstem have presented obstacles at the authors’ institution, due to limited laboratory time and inconsistent staining results. To overcome these difficulties and improve students’ understanding of brainstem anatomy, we introduced a hands-on practice of modeling during the neuroanatomy course. Students were required to model the brainstem including the nuclei and nerves using three transparent plastic cups (for midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata), colored clay, thin wire, and colored threads. The brainstem models made by students were evaluated by the teacher. The results of a feedback survey based on a five-point Likert scale showed positive effects of this method.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132401580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.1
Jae-Hee Park, Sang-Hun Lee, J. Jeon, W. Choi, G. Kim, Jae-Ho Lee
Anatomy is being taught as a compulsory subject in various health care-related occupations. In anatomy, osteology is learning the names of bones and offers detailed structure of each bone and clinical knowledge. Therefore, understanding of bones is needed to learn the names of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels attached to each bone, and helps to remember the basic structure and function of human body. This study investigated the need for osteological learning and conducted a survey on medical students and doctors with experience in anatomy to identify the problems of osteological education. According to the result of conducting a survey on 186 people, doctors showed higher positive opinion on lectures, exams, and grades of osteology than medical students but did not show a statistically significant difference. Doctors showed higher positive opinions about osteological practice than medical students, and showed statistically significant difference (p=0.037). Senior teaching (41.8%) was selected as the biggest problem in osteological education today followed by a short lecture, lack model, lack of study hours, and examination. Also, students had little difficulty in learning chest, spine, and limbs but showed difficulty in learning pelvis especially the head and required a lot of learning time. It was identified that more time is needed for doctors than for medical students in every system and showed a significant difference. This study suggests the necessity of formal education for osteology education and that combining lecture on theory and practice can raise learning effect of anatomy in effective osteology education.
{"title":"Perception of Medical Students and Doctors on Osteology Education","authors":"Jae-Hee Park, Sang-Hun Lee, J. Jeon, W. Choi, G. Kim, Jae-Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomy is being taught as a compulsory subject in various health care-related occupations. In anatomy, osteology is learning the names of bones and offers detailed structure of each bone and clinical knowledge. Therefore, understanding of bones is needed to learn the names of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels attached to each bone, and helps to remember the basic structure and function of human body. This study investigated the need for osteological learning and conducted a survey on medical students and doctors with experience in anatomy to identify the problems of osteological education. According to the result of conducting a survey on 186 people, doctors showed higher positive opinion on lectures, exams, and grades of osteology than medical students but did not show a statistically significant difference. Doctors showed higher positive opinions about osteological practice than medical students, and showed statistically significant difference (p=0.037). Senior teaching (41.8%) was selected as the biggest problem in osteological education today followed by a short lecture, lack model, lack of study hours, and examination. Also, students had little difficulty in learning chest, spine, and limbs but showed difficulty in learning pelvis especially the head and required a lot of learning time. It was identified that more time is needed for doctors than for medical students in every system and showed a significant difference. This study suggests the necessity of formal education for osteology education and that combining lecture on theory and practice can raise learning effect of anatomy in effective osteology education.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.147
Hye-Won An, Young-Suk Cho, Wook Hyun Jung, H. Cho, Kwang-Il Nam
: Congenital microgastria is an extremely rare anomaly of which only 60 cases have been described in the literature. Congenital microgastria has been known as a result of impairment of normal foregut development. This report describes gastric variation found in the cadaver of 74-year-old Korean woman during educational cadaveric dissection in the anatomy laboratory. The stomach in this cadaver had the tubular form with a narrow body. Gross anatomical and histological studies were performed. It was confirmed that there was no history of stomach related disease or surgery before the decease. The arrangement of the small intestine was observed normally. The right and left gastro-omental arteries, which were surrounded by the greater omentum, ran along the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomosed with each other. The histological characteristics of the tissues from each region were same as it observed in the normal stomach. This case report shows an extremely rare congenital microgastria without other congenital anomalies in adult.
{"title":"Congenital Microgastria without Concomitant Anomalies in Adult","authors":"Hye-Won An, Young-Suk Cho, Wook Hyun Jung, H. Cho, Kwang-Il Nam","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.147","url":null,"abstract":": Congenital microgastria is an extremely rare anomaly of which only 60 cases have been described in the literature. Congenital microgastria has been known as a result of impairment of normal foregut development. This report describes gastric variation found in the cadaver of 74-year-old Korean woman during educational cadaveric dissection in the anatomy laboratory. The stomach in this cadaver had the tubular form with a narrow body. Gross anatomical and histological studies were performed. It was confirmed that there was no history of stomach related disease or surgery before the decease. The arrangement of the small intestine was observed normally. The right and left gastro-omental arteries, which were surrounded by the greater omentum, ran along the greater curvature of the stomach and anastomosed with each other. The histological characteristics of the tissues from each region were same as it observed in the normal stomach. This case report shows an extremely rare congenital microgastria without other congenital anomalies in adult.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128142819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.105
Young Ho Lee
Fingerprint is a structure made up of skin ridges on the palm side of the distal phalanges of the fingers, and the ducts from the eccrine sweat glands are open on these ridges. Fingerprint is also formed by sweat remnants secreted from the sweat gland. In addition to prevent slipping, fingerprints stimulate the Pacinian corpuscles and play a role in sensitive feeling of the texture. Generally, fingerprint type is divided into arch, loop, and whorl. Loop type is the most common in Koreans. Fingerprint abnormalities appear in genetic diseases such as Down’s syndrome and mental disorder. When the mother is diabetes patient or infected with rubella virus, the type of fingerprint or number of ridges changes. Mutation of the SMARCAD1 gene generate neither fingerprints nor the eccrine sweat glands, suggesting that development of the sweat glands is important in fingerprint formation. Although the mechanism of fingerprint formation has not been well understood yet, the folding theory, in which fingerprint is formed by buckling process of the finger skin during fetal development, is the most convincing. To elucidate the specific mechanism of fingerprint formation with folding theory, mathematical modeling using the geometric elements of the finger and the biological factors involved in fingerprint formation is required.
{"title":"Study on Medical Significance and Mechanism of Fingerprint Formation","authors":"Young Ho Lee","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.105","url":null,"abstract":"Fingerprint is a structure made up of skin ridges on the palm side of the distal phalanges of the fingers, and the ducts from the eccrine sweat glands are open on these ridges. Fingerprint is also formed by sweat remnants secreted from the sweat gland. In addition to prevent slipping, fingerprints stimulate the Pacinian corpuscles and play a role in sensitive feeling of the texture. Generally, fingerprint type is divided into arch, loop, and whorl. Loop type is the most common in Koreans. Fingerprint abnormalities appear in genetic diseases such as Down’s syndrome and mental disorder. When the mother is diabetes patient or infected with rubella virus, the type of fingerprint or number of ridges changes. Mutation of the SMARCAD1 gene generate neither fingerprints nor the eccrine sweat glands, suggesting that development of the sweat glands is important in fingerprint formation. Although the mechanism of fingerprint formation has not been well understood yet, the folding theory, in which fingerprint is formed by buckling process of the finger skin during fetal development, is the most convincing. To elucidate the specific mechanism of fingerprint formation with folding theory, mathematical modeling using the geometric elements of the finger and the biological factors involved in fingerprint formation is required.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125798349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.127
K. Joo, S. Jeon, Hyeok Yi Kwon, Y. Hwang
{"title":"Suggestion of the Modeling of the Developing Heart Using Polymer Clay","authors":"K. Joo, S. Jeon, Hyeok Yi Kwon, Y. Hwang","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125737108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.21
K. Ahn, P. N. Khoi, Young‐Suk Cho, Shinan Li, Dhiraj Kumar Sah, Yong Xia, Y. Jung
: Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) belongs to the immunoglobulin-like superfamily of adhesion molecules that mediate cell adhesion to other cells, and ICAM-1 is involved in cancer progression and recurrence. Since the ICAM-1 is considered as one of the therapeutic target against bladder cancer, we examined whether sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, could inhibit ICAM-1 expression in bladder cancer T24 cells. Sulforaphane inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ICAM-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in human bladder cancer cells, as revealed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Specific inhibitor studies have shown that the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B), are involved in PMA-induced ICAM-1 expression. We found that sulforaphane inhibited the activation of both AP-1 and NF- κ B induced by PMA in bladder cancer cells. Interestingly, we also found that sulforaphane abrogated PMA-induced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our results provide experimental evidence that sulforaphane could serve as a new therapeutic candidate against bladder cancer. bladder cancer, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study suggests that sulforaphane inhibits the activation of the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B), and consequently sup presses ICAM-1 expression, thereby inhibiting bladder cancer progression and recurrence.
:细胞内粘附分子-1 (Intracellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1)属于介导细胞与其他细胞粘附的免疫球蛋白样粘附分子超家族，ICAM-1参与了癌症的进展和复发。由于ICAM-1被认为是膀胱癌的治疗靶点之一，我们研究了脂肪族异硫氰酸盐萝卜硫素是否可以抑制膀胱癌T24细胞中ICAM-1的表达。逆转录酶聚合酶链反应和western blot结果显示，萝卜硫素抑制PMA诱导的人膀胱癌细胞中ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。特异性抑制剂研究表明，转录因子，激活蛋白1 (AP-1)和核因子κ B (NF- κ B)参与了pma诱导的ICAM-1表达。我们发现萝卜硫素抑制PMA诱导的膀胱癌细胞AP-1和NF- κ B的激活。有趣的是，我们还发现萝卜硫素可以消除pma诱导的THP-1单核细胞对膀胱癌细胞的粘附。总之，我们的研究结果提供了实验证据，表明萝卜硫素可以作为一种新的治疗膀胱癌的候选药物。膀胱癌的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究提示，萝卜硫素可抑制转录因子、激活因子蛋白-1 (AP-1)和核因子κ B (NF- κ B)的激活，从而抑制ICAM-1的表达，从而抑制膀胱癌的进展和复发。
{"title":"Sulforaphane Inhibits ICAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells","authors":"K. Ahn, P. N. Khoi, Young‐Suk Cho, Shinan Li, Dhiraj Kumar Sah, Yong Xia, Y. Jung","doi":"10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/ABA.2021.34.1.21","url":null,"abstract":": Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) belongs to the immunoglobulin-like superfamily of adhesion molecules that mediate cell adhesion to other cells, and ICAM-1 is involved in cancer progression and recurrence. Since the ICAM-1 is considered as one of the therapeutic target against bladder cancer, we examined whether sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, could inhibit ICAM-1 expression in bladder cancer T24 cells. Sulforaphane inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced ICAM-1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in human bladder cancer cells, as revealed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Specific inhibitor studies have shown that the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B), are involved in PMA-induced ICAM-1 expression. We found that sulforaphane inhibited the activation of both AP-1 and NF- κ B induced by PMA in bladder cancer cells. Interestingly, we also found that sulforaphane abrogated PMA-induced THP-1 monocyte adhesion to bladder cancer cells. Collectively, our results provide experimental evidence that sulforaphane could serve as a new therapeutic candidate against bladder cancer. bladder cancer, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study suggests that sulforaphane inhibits the activation of the transcription factors, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B), and consequently sup presses ICAM-1 expression, thereby inhibiting bladder cancer progression and recurrence.","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121182029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.137
K. Youn, Hee-Jin Kim, H. Kwak
{"title":"Distribution Patterns of the Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve into the Hypothenar Muscles","authors":"K. Youn, Hee-Jin Kim, H. Kwak","doi":"10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11637/aba.2021.34.4.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":356245,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy & Biological Anthropology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116751219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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