Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0133
Kassahun Kebede
{"title":"Refugee Spaces and Urban Citizenship in Nairobi: Africa's Sanctuary City by Derese G. Kassa (review)","authors":"Kassahun Kebede","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66951280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0129
Kibrom T. Teweldebirhan
{"title":"Downfall of an Emperor: Haile Selassie of Ethiopia and the Derg's Creeping Coup by Michael Ghebrenegus Haile (review)","authors":"Kibrom T. Teweldebirhan","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0111
J. Plastow
{"title":"Cine-Ethiopia: The History and Politics of Film in the Horn of Africa ed. by Michael W. Thomas, Alessandro Jedlowski, and Aboneh Ashegrie (review)","authors":"J. Plastow","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66951259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0125
N. Camilleri
{"title":"Italian Colonialism and Resistances to Empire, 1930–1970 by Neelam Srivastava (review)","authors":"N. Camilleri","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49325418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0059
Melakneh Mengistu Workneh
ABSTRACT:The popular image of governments that rise and demise is determined by their integrity, vision, and responsiveness to the aspirations of the populace. The resultant social phenomenon, known as popular image or perception, could thus be viewed either as an expression of conformism or nonconformism with the status quo. One of the means by which the public externalizes its outlook is folk literature, which is permeated with the tragedy and comedy of the subject people. This study was designed to determine the popular image of the military government of Ethiopia (1974–91) as reflected in contemporary Amharic folk poetry, which revealed the duality of public perception. On the one hand, the selected couplets are found to be critical of the status quo, which perpetuates negative images. On the other hand, the Därgue is perceived as a nationalist government credited with protecting the national interest and the territorial integrity of the country irrespective of its inadvertent malpractices. At any rate, politically motivated propaganda against the military government of Ethiopia seems to have backfired, because most of the couplets evoke nostalgia for the past.
{"title":"The Popular Image of Därgue as Reflected in Amharic Folk Poetry (1974–91)","authors":"Melakneh Mengistu Workneh","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The popular image of governments that rise and demise is determined by their integrity, vision, and responsiveness to the aspirations of the populace. The resultant social phenomenon, known as popular image or perception, could thus be viewed either as an expression of conformism or nonconformism with the status quo. One of the means by which the public externalizes its outlook is folk literature, which is permeated with the tragedy and comedy of the subject people. This study was designed to determine the popular image of the military government of Ethiopia (1974–91) as reflected in contemporary Amharic folk poetry, which revealed the duality of public perception. On the one hand, the selected couplets are found to be critical of the status quo, which perpetuates negative images. On the other hand, the Därgue is perceived as a nationalist government credited with protecting the national interest and the territorial integrity of the country irrespective of its inadvertent malpractices. At any rate, politically motivated propaganda against the military government of Ethiopia seems to have backfired, because most of the couplets evoke nostalgia for the past.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43164279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271
Jorge de Torres Rodríguez
ABSTRACT:This article presents an overview of the history of archaeological work in Somaliland and Somalia from the late nineteenth century to the present, situating that work within its ever-changing social and political contexts. It also assesses the current challenges and opportunities that archaeological practice faces in both regions. Despite numerous obstacles—including political instability, a fragmented academic community, and deficiencies in the publication and dissemination of findings in multiple research languages—the article contends that the extensive data from previous and current archaeological studies, if assembled and properly utilized, can shed light on a range of key questions in the prehistory and history of the Horn of Africa. Finally, the article notes the growing threats to the archaeological and historical heritage in the region, and suggests how institutions, academics and the Somali community can join efforts to protect and preserve the remains of one of the most impressive African heritages.
本文概述了索马里兰和索马里从19世纪末到现在的考古工作历史，并将其置于不断变化的社会和政治背景中。它还评估了考古实践在这两个地区面临的挑战和机遇。尽管存在许多障碍——包括政治不稳定、学术团体支离破碎，以及用多种研究语言出版和传播发现的不足——但文章认为，如果收集并适当利用以前和当前考古研究的大量数据，可以揭示非洲之角史前和历史的一系列关键问题。最后，文章指出该地区的考古和历史遗产面临日益严重的威胁，并建议机构、学者和索马里社区如何共同努力，保护和保存最令人印象深刻的非洲遗产之一的遗迹。266 Jorge de Torres Rodríguez
{"title":"Against All Odds: The History of Archaeological Research in Somaliland and Somalia","authors":"Jorge de Torres Rodríguez","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article presents an overview of the history of archaeological work in Somaliland and Somalia from the late nineteenth century to the present, situating that work within its ever-changing social and political contexts. It also assesses the current challenges and opportunities that archaeological practice faces in both regions. Despite numerous obstacles—including political instability, a fragmented academic community, and deficiencies in the publication and dissemination of findings in multiple research languages—the article contends that the extensive data from previous and current archaeological studies, if assembled and properly utilized, can shed light on a range of key questions in the prehistory and history of the Horn of Africa. Finally, the article notes the growing threats to the archaeological and historical heritage in the region, and suggests how institutions, academics and the Somali community can join efforts to protect and preserve the remains of one of the most impressive African heritages.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66951191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0093
Ebrahim Damtew Alyou
ABSTRACT:History witnesses that oral expression among the people of Ethiopia is part of their cultural heritage and among other things a form of commentary in response to larger events that affect them. Peasants who are often regarded as illiterate nonetheless find ways to depict their sentiments in matters of social, political, and cultural importance. The aim of this article is to investigate popular reactions to land reform and land redistribution from 1978 to 1982, drawing on forms of communication and self-expression found in the “local press” (i.e., oral poetry) of both the peasants and former landowners of Gondär Province. Data was collected from primary and related secondary sources to obtain substantive evidence on the subject. By employing oral poetry, the people of Gondär voice their inner feelings, grievances or support for the state’s land reform as well as towards the actions of local officials. Because land has long been the center of life and livelihoods in the rural history of Ethiopia, much oral tradition touches on the issues of land, peasant survival, and state actions as well as on peasant–peasant relations in line with the prevailing social, political and economic context. The continuity of peasant poetic tradition is also celebrated in the content of the poems.
{"title":"History through Oral Poetry: Rural Responses to Land Reform and Land Redistribution in Gondär Province, 1975–1982","authors":"Ebrahim Damtew Alyou","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:History witnesses that oral expression among the people of Ethiopia is part of their cultural heritage and among other things a form of commentary in response to larger events that affect them. Peasants who are often regarded as illiterate nonetheless find ways to depict their sentiments in matters of social, political, and cultural importance. The aim of this article is to investigate popular reactions to land reform and land redistribution from 1978 to 1982, drawing on forms of communication and self-expression found in the “local press” (i.e., oral poetry) of both the peasants and former landowners of Gondär Province. Data was collected from primary and related secondary sources to obtain substantive evidence on the subject. By employing oral poetry, the people of Gondär voice their inner feelings, grievances or support for the state’s land reform as well as towards the actions of local officials. Because land has long been the center of life and livelihoods in the rural history of Ethiopia, much oral tradition touches on the issues of land, peasant survival, and state actions as well as on peasant–peasant relations in line with the prevailing social, political and economic context. The continuity of peasant poetic tradition is also celebrated in the content of the poems.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0201
Asebe Regassa Debelo, Tadesse Jaleta Jirata
ABSTRACT:Indigenous African knowledge of building and maintaining peace is not well known and has not been much used in the dominant modern mechanisms of conflict resolution. With the aim of addressing this limitation, this article analyzes the broader conceptualization of peace and peace building among the Guji-Oromo in southern Ethiopia. The Guji-Oromo are keenly aware that their existence as a society depends on the maintenance of peace (nagaa) among them as a community and between them and God as well as between them and their natural and human environments. They believe that peace is not a free gift, because maintaining it requires continuous and earnest negotiation, social actions, and cooperation among many stakeholders who possess political, cultural, and spiritual powers. The article further argues that the Guji-Oromo conceptualize peace beyond the conventional understandings that position it as the absence of conflict or warfare. Rather, for the Guji, peace is broadly understood as a continuous flow of relationships between the people and their human and nonhuman environments. The article shows that Guji’s conceptions of peace are not static; rather, they are subject to internal and external influences that shape how different members of the society conceptualize it and the way it is maintained.
{"title":"“Peace Is Not a Free Gift”: Indigenous Conceptions of Peace among the Guji-Oromo in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Asebe Regassa Debelo, Tadesse Jaleta Jirata","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Indigenous African knowledge of building and maintaining peace is not well known and has not been much used in the dominant modern mechanisms of conflict resolution. With the aim of addressing this limitation, this article analyzes the broader conceptualization of peace and peace building among the Guji-Oromo in southern Ethiopia. The Guji-Oromo are keenly aware that their existence as a society depends on the maintenance of peace (nagaa) among them as a community and between them and God as well as between them and their natural and human environments. They believe that peace is not a free gift, because maintaining it requires continuous and earnest negotiation, social actions, and cooperation among many stakeholders who possess political, cultural, and spiritual powers. The article further argues that the Guji-Oromo conceptualize peace beyond the conventional understandings that position it as the absence of conflict or warfare. Rather, for the Guji, peace is broadly understood as a continuous flow of relationships between the people and their human and nonhuman environments. The article shows that Guji’s conceptions of peace are not static; rather, they are subject to internal and external influences that shape how different members of the society conceptualize it and the way it is maintained.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0137
G. Blanc
ABSTRACT:Through an analysis of sources produced from the 1960s to the present by the managers of the Ethiopian Simien mountains national park, this article examines the origins, manifestations, and outcomes of a struggle rooted in the transnational shaping of a “natural” landscape. On the one hand, representatives of international institutions of conservation sought to protect the vestiges of an African Eden threatened by its inhabitants. On the other hand, Ethiopian state leaders used this Western ecological ethic to gain international recognition and through it, to better enforce their power over the national territory. Thus, at the local level this governance of nature resulted in the use of both material and symbolic violence against the resident populations, who were found guilty of degrading a “National Park” classified as “World Heritage.”
{"title":"Governing Nature and Ethiopia: Struggles around World Heritage, Nation-Building and Ecologies (1963–2012)","authors":"G. Blanc","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0137","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Through an analysis of sources produced from the 1960s to the present by the managers of the Ethiopian Simien mountains national park, this article examines the origins, manifestations, and outcomes of a struggle rooted in the transnational shaping of a “natural” landscape. On the one hand, representatives of international institutions of conservation sought to protect the vestiges of an African Eden threatened by its inhabitants. On the other hand, Ethiopian state leaders used this Western ecological ethic to gain international recognition and through it, to better enforce their power over the national territory. Thus, at the local level this governance of nature resulted in the use of both material and symbolic violence against the resident populations, who were found guilty of degrading a “National Park” classified as “World Heritage.”","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46840615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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