Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0231
B. Yates
ABSTRACT:This essay examines correspondence in the British Foreign Office Archive to explore British views of Ethiopian identities during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The premise of the paper is that during this time, British officials used group identities to help determine which Ethiopian leaders might make the best allies in furtherance of British strategic and economic interests. In essence, the British correspondents created and continually redefined ethnic categories as a reflection of the provincial leaders’ willingness to serve British economic interests. In the mid nineteenth century, after freeing British subjects imprisoned by emperor Tewodros (ruled 1855–1868), British diplomats sought to identify another legitimate ruler of Ethiopia; in the process, they attributed characteristics to various Ethiopian groups which marked those groups as more or less “civilized.” By the late nineteenth century, this recasting of identities contributed to the racializing of Ethiopian territories. In defining and redefining the qualities of Ethiopian notables and groups according to their own economic, colonial or political needs, British sources created categories of actors which did not necessarily correspond to identities as understood and asserted by the populations of what would become the Ethiopian Empire.
{"title":"Ethiopian Categories, British Definitions: British Discovery of Ethiopian Identities from the Nineteenth Century to the First Decade of the Twentieth Century","authors":"B. Yates","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0231","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This essay examines correspondence in the British Foreign Office Archive to explore British views of Ethiopian identities during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The premise of the paper is that during this time, British officials used group identities to help determine which Ethiopian leaders might make the best allies in furtherance of British strategic and economic interests. In essence, the British correspondents created and continually redefined ethnic categories as a reflection of the provincial leaders’ willingness to serve British economic interests. In the mid nineteenth century, after freeing British subjects imprisoned by emperor Tewodros (ruled 1855–1868), British diplomats sought to identify another legitimate ruler of Ethiopia; in the process, they attributed characteristics to various Ethiopian groups which marked those groups as more or less “civilized.” By the late nineteenth century, this recasting of identities contributed to the racializing of Ethiopian territories. In defining and redefining the qualities of Ethiopian notables and groups according to their own economic, colonial or political needs, British sources created categories of actors which did not necessarily correspond to identities as understood and asserted by the populations of what would become the Ethiopian Empire.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45627379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0001
Earnestine Jenkins
ABSTRACT:Menelik II was both King of Shewa (1865–1888) and Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1912). In the late nineteenth century he was confronted with issues unique to the era of European colonization in Africa. This paper examines Menelik II’s use of the visual arts in expressing and communicating ideas about royal authority and power. I examine several illuminated manuscripts commissioned by Menelik II. The books document how Menelik II borrowed and adapted objects and symbols from Ethiopia’s ancient past as a Christian power. Menelik realized that his image as an African ruler who retained his independence was unique within the contexts of late nineteenth-century Africa, wherein the entire continent was colonized except for Liberia and Ethiopia. Menelik II used the traditional Christian art of manuscript illumination in Ethiopia to create visual images that symbolically reinforced his authority as both a Christian and an African sovereign.
{"title":"Emperor Menilek II and the Art of Manuscript Illumination: The Politics of Representation in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia","authors":"Earnestine Jenkins","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Menelik II was both King of Shewa (1865–1888) and Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1912). In the late nineteenth century he was confronted with issues unique to the era of European colonization in Africa. This paper examines Menelik II’s use of the visual arts in expressing and communicating ideas about royal authority and power. I examine several illuminated manuscripts commissioned by Menelik II. The books document how Menelik II borrowed and adapted objects and symbols from Ethiopia’s ancient past as a Christian power. Menelik realized that his image as an African ruler who retained his independence was unique within the contexts of late nineteenth-century Africa, wherein the entire continent was colonized except for Liberia and Ethiopia. Menelik II used the traditional Christian art of manuscript illumination in Ethiopia to create visual images that symbolically reinforced his authority as both a Christian and an African sovereign.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-06DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0031
Simeneh Betreyohannes Gebremariam
ABSTRACT:Issues in history, politics, or linguistics have been dominant themes in Ethiopian studies. Social and cultural phenomena are not given enough emphasis and attention in the academic discourse. The azmari tradition in Addis Ababa is one example of the type of experience that has been neglected in academic investigation. The existing literature and popular discussion on this topic exhibit various shortcomings, mostly stemming from a lack of a comprehensive social and historical context. The study of the azmari tradition and the socio-cultural context in which it operates provides an understanding of the ways in which azmari music and azmariwoč (pl.) adapted to the rapid urbanization process and the political, institutional, and technological changes the city has undergone. The article provides information about the origin, development, and institutionalization of the azmari tradition, shedding light on the changes and continuities of azmari music in the twentieth century. The study employs an historical approach integrated with ethnographic methods to reconstruct the story of the azmari tradition.
{"title":"The Azmari Tradition in Addis Ababa: Change and Continuity","authors":"Simeneh Betreyohannes Gebremariam","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Issues in history, politics, or linguistics have been dominant themes in Ethiopian studies. Social and cultural phenomena are not given enough emphasis and attention in the academic discourse. The azmari tradition in Addis Ababa is one example of the type of experience that has been neglected in academic investigation. The existing literature and popular discussion on this topic exhibit various shortcomings, mostly stemming from a lack of a comprehensive social and historical context. The study of the azmari tradition and the socio-cultural context in which it operates provides an understanding of the ways in which azmari music and azmariwoč (pl.) adapted to the rapid urbanization process and the political, institutional, and technological changes the city has undergone. The article provides information about the origin, development, and institutionalization of the azmari tradition, shedding light on the changes and continuities of azmari music in the twentieth century. The study employs an historical approach integrated with ethnographic methods to reconstruct the story of the azmari tradition.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66951180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0177
S. Williams
{"title":"Beyond Surgery: Injury, Healing, and Religion at an Ethiopian Hospital","authors":"S. Williams","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0173
Zinabu Samaro Rekiso
{"title":"State and Economic Development in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia by Aaron Tesfaye (review)","authors":"Zinabu Samaro Rekiso","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0163
Ruth Iyob
Jennifer Riggan‟s book, recently issued, “The Struggle State: Nationalism, Mass Militarization and the Education of Eritrea” is a volume of 259 pages. This field work based comprehensive work is the most impressive contribution that could show the lived conditions of Eritreans after independence and Ethio-Eritrea border war time. The book comprising detail information of Eritrean nationalism project of the state and the ways it construct the sentiment are through mass militarization and the schooling system, these issues are interrelated each other. The book contains various matters organized into five parts included in to three broad issues about nationalism, mass militarization and education system that are intertwined each other. It discusses the Eritrean state on the making as the party‟s agenda, construction of the statehood of Eritrea on the mind of the youth through intensive and obligatory military training that would thought to imagine state.
{"title":"The Struggling State: Nationalism, Mass Militarization, and the Education of Eritrea","authors":"Ruth Iyob","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0163","url":null,"abstract":"Jennifer Riggan‟s book, recently issued, “The Struggle State: Nationalism, Mass Militarization and the Education of Eritrea” is a volume of 259 pages. This field work based comprehensive work is the most impressive contribution that could show the lived conditions of Eritreans after independence and Ethio-Eritrea border war time. The book comprising detail information of Eritrean nationalism project of the state and the ways it construct the sentiment are through mass militarization and the schooling system, these issues are interrelated each other. The book contains various matters organized into five parts included in to three broad issues about nationalism, mass militarization and education system that are intertwined each other. It discusses the Eritrean state on the making as the party‟s agenda, construction of the statehood of Eritrea on the mind of the youth through intensive and obligatory military training that would thought to imagine state.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44031297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0155
Laverle Berry
{"title":"Envoys of a Human God: The Jesuit Mission to Christian Ethiopia, 1557–1632 by Andreu Martínez d’Alòs-Moner (review)","authors":"Laverle Berry","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0149
Viktor Marsai
{"title":"Fighting for Peace in Somalia: A History and Analysis of the African Union Mission, 2007–2017","authors":"Viktor Marsai","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49366956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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