Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1620
M. A. Süzer, Umut Yener Kara, Hasan Kamburoğlu, C. Çaparlar, M. Ö. Özhan, M. Eşkin
{"title":"The effect of anesthetic techniques on postoperative outcomes of open prostatectomy in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery","authors":"M. A. Süzer, Umut Yener Kara, Hasan Kamburoğlu, C. Çaparlar, M. Ö. Özhan, M. Eşkin","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1250
G. Krishnan, Sharath Madhyastha P., R. Acharya, S. Bhandary, C. Reddy
Introduction Liver abscesses are the most common type of visceral abscess, which accounts for around one half of all visceral abscesses. In Asia, the enteric Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are the most common organisms. Rarely, the liver abscess can metastasize to distant organs. Diabetes is an important risk factor for septic metastasis due to increased chances of bacteremia in them. Metastatic chorioretinal abscess is a rare subset of metastatic endophthalmitis.
{"title":"Metastatic chorioretinal abscess: an unusual complication of pyogenic liver abscess","authors":"G. Krishnan, Sharath Madhyastha P., R. Acharya, S. Bhandary, C. Reddy","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1250","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Liver abscesses are the most common type of visceral abscess, which accounts for around one half of all visceral abscesses. In Asia, the enteric Gram-negative bacilli, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are the most common organisms. Rarely, the liver abscess can metastasize to distant organs. Diabetes is an important risk factor for septic metastasis due to increased chances of bacteremia in them. Metastatic chorioretinal abscess is a rare subset of metastatic endophthalmitis.","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1567
Talha Sarıgöz, U. Aydemir
Introduction Acute appendicitis (AA) is a prevalent disease that can be lifethreating if left untreated. There have been advances in imaging techniques recently, which facilitated the hand of physicians, but they are not widely available and require expertise to interpret. This makes diagnosis of appendicitis challenging for physicians working in rural regions. Complete blood count (CBC) is still the first line of test for a patient with abdominal pain in emergency departments (1). It is an easy and quick test to evaluate hematologic parameters which can be changed due to infection, hemorrhage and genetic disorders. Systemic inflammatory response is generally associated with white blood cell (WBC) count (2). However, WBC has no role in differentiating simple and complicated appendiceal disease. In addition to WBC count, there are several other markers that can be used as a sign of inflammatory conditions. For instance, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of subclinical inflammation (3). Also, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to be in relation to infection (4). Furthermore, platelets play a crucial role in inflammation and their size can change as a result of inflammatory conditions. Therefore, mean platelet volume (MPV), which is a measurement of the average size of platelet in the blood, may have diagnostic potential in various diseases (5,6).
{"title":"The role of complete blood count parameters in distinguishing complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis","authors":"Talha Sarıgöz, U. Aydemir","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1567","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Acute appendicitis (AA) is a prevalent disease that can be lifethreating if left untreated. There have been advances in imaging techniques recently, which facilitated the hand of physicians, but they are not widely available and require expertise to interpret. This makes diagnosis of appendicitis challenging for physicians working in rural regions. Complete blood count (CBC) is still the first line of test for a patient with abdominal pain in emergency departments (1). It is an easy and quick test to evaluate hematologic parameters which can be changed due to infection, hemorrhage and genetic disorders. Systemic inflammatory response is generally associated with white blood cell (WBC) count (2). However, WBC has no role in differentiating simple and complicated appendiceal disease. In addition to WBC count, there are several other markers that can be used as a sign of inflammatory conditions. For instance, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an indicator of subclinical inflammation (3). Also, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to be in relation to infection (4). Furthermore, platelets play a crucial role in inflammation and their size can change as a result of inflammatory conditions. Therefore, mean platelet volume (MPV), which is a measurement of the average size of platelet in the blood, may have diagnostic potential in various diseases (5,6).","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45321073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1313
Anwesha Biswas, G. Babu, Shruthi S Hegde, Vidya Ajila, S. Sakthivel
Introduction The first and second branchial arches are responsible for the development of various facial structures like the maxilla, mandible, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), zygomatic bone and ear (1). The formation and development of these branchial arches is carried out by various neural crest cells and any damage to these cells can result in abnormalities of various associated facial structures (1). The unilateral underdevelopment of hard and soft tissues, characterized by a wide range of anomalies, is called hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The term HFM was coined by Carl Ferdinand von Arlt in 1881. The first case was reported in 1960s with developmental defects in aural, oral and mandibular regions (2). HFM is reported to be the second most common developmental craniofacial anomaly with an incidence between 1 in 3000 or 5600 births, after cleft lip and palate (3). This craniofacial disorder includes the underdevelopment of various skeletal tissues (like the maxilla, mandible, temporal and zygomatic bones) and soft tissues such as the external and middle ear, leading to conductive hearing loss in patient (4). Besides the clinical presentation, radiographic investigations are required to confirm the diagnosis of HFM. Various radiographic investigations have been attempted for a long time to determine the exact diagnosis of this pathology. These include routine investigations like panoramic radiograph, lateral and posterioanterior skull view. Whereas, advanced radiographic investigations like computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance Three-dimensional imaging of hemifacial microsomia: a case report
{"title":"Three-dimensional imaging of hemifacial microsomia: a case report","authors":"Anwesha Biswas, G. Babu, Shruthi S Hegde, Vidya Ajila, S. Sakthivel","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2020.1313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The first and second branchial arches are responsible for the development of various facial structures like the maxilla, mandible, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), zygomatic bone and ear (1). The formation and development of these branchial arches is carried out by various neural crest cells and any damage to these cells can result in abnormalities of various associated facial structures (1). The unilateral underdevelopment of hard and soft tissues, characterized by a wide range of anomalies, is called hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The term HFM was coined by Carl Ferdinand von Arlt in 1881. The first case was reported in 1960s with developmental defects in aural, oral and mandibular regions (2). HFM is reported to be the second most common developmental craniofacial anomaly with an incidence between 1 in 3000 or 5600 births, after cleft lip and palate (3). This craniofacial disorder includes the underdevelopment of various skeletal tissues (like the maxilla, mandible, temporal and zygomatic bones) and soft tissues such as the external and middle ear, leading to conductive hearing loss in patient (4). Besides the clinical presentation, radiographic investigations are required to confirm the diagnosis of HFM. Various radiographic investigations have been attempted for a long time to determine the exact diagnosis of this pathology. These include routine investigations like panoramic radiograph, lateral and posterioanterior skull view. Whereas, advanced radiographic investigations like computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance Three-dimensional imaging of hemifacial microsomia: a case report","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1338
Arzu Şenol, N. Alayunt, Ö. Solmaz
Introduction Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are important health problems because they cause serious consequences such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1). Chronic liver disease occurs as a result of the relationship between a progressive wound healing process and inflammatory response (2). The mechanism of persistent and progressive HBV infection is not clear yet, and it is thought that host immune and genetic factors may play an important role (3). Cytokines play a fundamental role in the immunopathogenesis of HBV infection and may affect the susceptibility to HBV infection and the natural course of the infection (4). HCV infection stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in hepatic inflammation and chronic hepatitis (5). Many cytokines that affect the progression of liver disease and play an important role in the fibrotic process have been reported. Cytokines can reduce viral replication and control the host immune response. Accordingly, it can be said that the serum level of cytokines affects the outcome of the disease (6). DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1338 ORIGINAL ARTICLE
{"title":"Role of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 in liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C","authors":"Arzu Şenol, N. Alayunt, Ö. Solmaz","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1338","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses are important health problems because they cause serious consequences such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1). Chronic liver disease occurs as a result of the relationship between a progressive wound healing process and inflammatory response (2). The mechanism of persistent and progressive HBV infection is not clear yet, and it is thought that host immune and genetic factors may play an important role (3). Cytokines play a fundamental role in the immunopathogenesis of HBV infection and may affect the susceptibility to HBV infection and the natural course of the infection (4). HCV infection stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in hepatic inflammation and chronic hepatitis (5). Many cytokines that affect the progression of liver disease and play an important role in the fibrotic process have been reported. Cytokines can reduce viral replication and control the host immune response. Accordingly, it can be said that the serum level of cytokines affects the outcome of the disease (6). DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1338 ORIGINAL ARTICLE","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1472
S. Okçelik, Halil Kızılöz, M. C. Temel, R. Acar
Introduction Bladder cancer is the 7th most common cancer among men and 11th among women in the world. The annual incidence of bladder cancer is 9/100,000 in males and 2.2/100,000 in females (1). Every year, 110,500 new cases in men and 70,000 new cases in women are diagnosed (2). Approximately 75% of the cases are non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at diagnosis (2). As an imaging method, ultrasonography is used with high sensitivity and specificity, and cystoscopy is still the gold standard (3,4). Owing to the high incidence of the disease and thereby of NMIBC, a precise algorithm is needed in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this disease. Up to 50-70% of NMIBC subsequently recur mostly within two years following the initial interventions and 10-20% of them progress to muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (5). In order to prevent the recurrence and progression, patients are followed up at short intervals of cystoscopy and administered adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy when necessary (6). Intra vesical chemotherapy/immunotherapy applications reduce recurrence and progression but cause some local and systemic side effects (7). Prediction of tumor recurrence is crucial in the follow-up period of this disease. Factors including DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1472 ORIGINAL ARTICLE
{"title":"Factors predicting recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers","authors":"S. Okçelik, Halil Kızılöz, M. C. Temel, R. Acar","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1472","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Bladder cancer is the 7th most common cancer among men and 11th among women in the world. The annual incidence of bladder cancer is 9/100,000 in males and 2.2/100,000 in females (1). Every year, 110,500 new cases in men and 70,000 new cases in women are diagnosed (2). Approximately 75% of the cases are non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) at diagnosis (2). As an imaging method, ultrasonography is used with high sensitivity and specificity, and cystoscopy is still the gold standard (3,4). Owing to the high incidence of the disease and thereby of NMIBC, a precise algorithm is needed in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this disease. Up to 50-70% of NMIBC subsequently recur mostly within two years following the initial interventions and 10-20% of them progress to muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (5). In order to prevent the recurrence and progression, patients are followed up at short intervals of cystoscopy and administered adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy when necessary (6). Intra vesical chemotherapy/immunotherapy applications reduce recurrence and progression but cause some local and systemic side effects (7). Prediction of tumor recurrence is crucial in the follow-up period of this disease. Factors including DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1472 ORIGINAL ARTICLE","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45425419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1460
N. Tezel, E. Umay, A. Çakcı
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability with a wide spectrum of symptoms that range from mild to severe in children and adults (1). TBI can cause many medical, physical, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, social, and economic difficulties. It has a profound effect on the lives of patients and their families (2). Thus, continuity of patient care is of great importance for the patient, the patient’s family, and the health care system during both the acute and chronic periods of patients with TBI.
{"title":"Factors affecting the caregiver burden following traumatic brain injury","authors":"N. Tezel, E. Umay, A. Çakcı","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.1460","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability with a wide spectrum of symptoms that range from mild to severe in children and adults (1). TBI can cause many medical, physical, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, social, and economic difficulties. It has a profound effect on the lives of patients and their families (2). Thus, continuity of patient care is of great importance for the patient, the patient’s family, and the health care system during both the acute and chronic periods of patients with TBI.","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.29290
Gürhan Taşkın, M. Yılmaz, S. Yılmaz, H. Şirin, Hakan Sapmaz, Saadetin Taşlıgil, İbrahim Sefa Güneş, L. Yamanel
Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis with an increased anion gap. The number of cases with DKA has been increasing in the last two decades (1,2). The mortality rate of DKA varies across the world due to psychosocial and economic diversities; mainly, it has been reported as less than 1% (3,4). Although the risk of death is low, intensive care units (ICU) are still the places where these patients are primarily treated, and the prolongation of the ICU stays leads to an increase in hospital costs and ICU overcrowding. In addition, there are no specific criteria for determining whether the patients with DKA should be treated in the ICU or not. Increased blood lactate concentration, a significant prognostic predictor for many clinical conditions in critically ill patients, is also typical in patients with DKA (5). This may occur due to impaired glucose metabolism with hypoperfusion and poorly understood mechanisms such as the glyoxal pathway and alternative energy substrate in DKA. In addition, there are still controversies regarding the role of increased lactate levels in the course of DKA. Unfortunately, there are insufficient data to suggest that the lactate kinetics in DKA patients may help evaluate treatment response over time and ICU outcomes (6).
{"title":"Lactate kinetics in intensive care unit admissions due to diabetic ketoacidosis","authors":"Gürhan Taşkın, M. Yılmaz, S. Yılmaz, H. Şirin, Hakan Sapmaz, Saadetin Taşlıgil, İbrahim Sefa Güneş, L. Yamanel","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.29290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.29290","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is primarily characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis with an increased anion gap. The number of cases with DKA has been increasing in the last two decades (1,2). The mortality rate of DKA varies across the world due to psychosocial and economic diversities; mainly, it has been reported as less than 1% (3,4). Although the risk of death is low, intensive care units (ICU) are still the places where these patients are primarily treated, and the prolongation of the ICU stays leads to an increase in hospital costs and ICU overcrowding. In addition, there are no specific criteria for determining whether the patients with DKA should be treated in the ICU or not. Increased blood lactate concentration, a significant prognostic predictor for many clinical conditions in critically ill patients, is also typical in patients with DKA (5). This may occur due to impaired glucose metabolism with hypoperfusion and poorly understood mechanisms such as the glyoxal pathway and alternative energy substrate in DKA. In addition, there are still controversies regarding the role of increased lactate levels in the course of DKA. Unfortunately, there are insufficient data to suggest that the lactate kinetics in DKA patients may help evaluate treatment response over time and ICU outcomes (6).","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.96268
I. Demirci, C. Haymana, O. Demir, O. Akın, C. Meriç, A. Aydoğdu, A. Sönmez
{"title":"Hematological indices in congenital male hypogonadism and the effects of testosterone replacement therapy: a retrospective study","authors":"I. Demirci, C. Haymana, O. Demir, O. Akın, C. Meriç, A. Aydoğdu, A. Sönmez","doi":"10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.96268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/gulhane.galenos.2021.96268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35658,"journal":{"name":"Gulhane Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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