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Can elastic waveform inversion benefit from inverting multicomponent data? 弹性波形反演能从反演多分量数据中获益吗?
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42030184.1
C. P. Solano, R. Plessix
Waveform inversion aims to retrieve high-resolution earth parameter volumes. Due to its high computational cost, acoustic approaches using low to mid seismic data frequencies are often applied in velocity model building. However, in the presence of large parameter contrasts, an elastic formulation should be preferred due to wave interferences that limit the applicability of phase- and kinematics-only approaches. The benefits of elastic waveform inversion have been demonstrated with inversion of hydrophone data in marine environments. Here, we extend the approach to inversion of the vertical geophone component. We propose a weighted cost function in the waveform inversion algorithm to jointly invert multicomponent data sets, and we compare the results to the inversion of single-component data. For this study, we use an ocean-bottom-node data set from the deepwater Gulf of Mexico around a salt dome. We show that slightly different velocity models, reverse time migration images, and angle gathers are retrieved when using hydrophone or vertical geophone data, further improving either the shallow or deeper sediments. The joint inversion combines the improvements brought by the single-component inversions. Though it doubles the cost, joint elastic waveform inversion of hydrophone and vertical geophone data can help velocity model building around salt bodies.
波形反演的目的是获取高分辨率地球参数体积。由于计算成本高,使用中低频地震数据的声学方法通常用于速度模型的建立。然而,在存在大参数对比的情况下,由于波动干扰限制了相位和运动学方法的适用性,应首选弹性公式。弹性波形反演的优势已通过海洋环境中水听器数据的反演得到验证。在这里,我们将该方法扩展到垂直检波器分量的反演。我们在波形反演算法中提出了加权代价函数来联合反演多分量数据集,并将结果与单分量数据的反演结果进行了比较。在这项研究中,我们使用了墨西哥湾深水盐丘周围的海底节点数据集。我们发现,当使用水听器或垂直检波器数据时,可以获得略有不同的速度模型、逆时偏移图像和角度集,进一步改善了浅层或深层沉积物。联合反演结合了单分量反演带来的改进。虽然成本翻倍,但水听器和垂直检波器数据的联合弹性波形反演可以帮助建立盐体周围的速度模型。
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引用次数: 0
Is 3D frequency-domain FWI of full-azimuth/long-offset OBN data feasible? The Gorgon data FWI case study 全方位/长偏移OBN数据的三维频域FWI是否可行?Gorgon数据FWI案例研究
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42030173.1
S. Operto, P. Amestoy, H. Aghamiry, S. Beller, A. Buttari, L. Combe, V. Dolean, M. Gerest, G. Guo, P. Jolivet, J. L’Excellent, F. Mamfoumbi, T. Mary, C. Puglisi, A. Ribodetti, Pierre-Henri Tournier
Frequency-domain full-waveform inversion (FWI) is potentially amenable to efficient processing of full-azimuth long-offset stationary-recording seabed acquisition carried out with a sparse layout of ocean-bottom nodes (OBNs) and broadband sources because the inversion can be performed with a few discrete frequencies. However, computing the solution of the forward (boundary-value) problem efficiently in the frequency domain with linear algebra solvers remains a challenge for large computational domains involving tens to hundreds of millions of parameters. We illustrate the feasibility of 3D frequency-domain FWI with a subset of the 2015/2016 Gorgon OBN data set in the North West Shelf, Australia. We solve the forward problem with the massively parallel multifrontal direct solver MUMPS, which includes four key features to reach high computational efficiency: an efficient parallelism combining message-passing interface and multithreading, block low-rank compression, mixed-precision arithmetic, and efficient processing of sparse sources. The Gorgon subdata set involves 650 OBNs that are processed as reciprocal sources and 400,000 sources. Monoparameter FWI for vertical wavespeed is performed in the viscoacoustic vertically transverse isotropic approximation with a classical frequency continuation approach proceeding from a starting frequency of 1.7 Hz to a final frequency of 13 Hz. The target covers an area ranging from 260 km2 (frequency ≥ 8.5 Hz) to 705 km2 (frequency ≤ 8.5 Hz) for a maximum depth of 8 km. Compared to the starting model, FWI dramatically improves the reconstruction of the bounding faults of the Gorgon horst at reservoir depths as well as several intrahorst faults and several horizons of the Mungaroo Formation down to a depth of 7 km. Seismic modeling reveals a good kinematic agreement between recorded and simulated data, but amplitude mismatches between the recorded and simulated reflection from the reservoir suggest elastic effects. Therefore, future works involve multiparameter reconstruction for density and attenuation before considering elastic FWI from hydrophone and geophone data.
频域全波形反演(FWI)可以在几个离散频率上进行,因此可以有效地处理在海底节点(obn)和宽带源的稀疏布局下进行的全方位长偏移固定记录海底采集。然而,对于涉及数千万到数亿个参数的大型计算域,使用线性代数求解器在频域有效地计算正演(边值)问题的解仍然是一个挑战。我们利用澳大利亚西北大陆架2015/2016年Gorgon OBN数据集的一个子集说明了3D频域FWI的可行性。我们使用大规模并行多正面直接求解器MUMPS来解决前向问题,它包括四个关键特征:消息传递接口和多线程相结合的高效并行性、块低秩压缩、混合精度算法和稀疏源的高效处理。Gorgon子数据集涉及650个obn,这些obn被处理为互源和400,000个源。垂直波速的单参数FWI采用粘声垂直横向各向同性近似,采用经典的频率连续方法,从起始频率1.7 Hz到最终频率13 Hz。目标覆盖范围为260 km2(频率≥8.5 Hz) ~ 705 km2(频率≤8.5 Hz),最大深度为8 km。与初始模型相比,FWI极大地改善了储层深度Gorgon断层边界断层的重建,以及7 km深度的Mungaroo组若干断层和若干层位的重建。地震模拟显示,记录和模拟数据之间的运动学一致性很好,但记录和模拟的储层反射振幅不匹配表明存在弹性效应。因此,在考虑水听器和检波器数据的弹性FWI之前,未来的工作将涉及密度和衰减的多参数重建。
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引用次数: 0
President's Page: What does SEG mean to you? 总统专页:SEG对你来说意味着什么?
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42030150.1
Jim White
President Ken Tubman invited staff to share its perspective as SEG continues its transformation. Having been a member and industry stakeholder leader for many years and executive director (ED) for more than two years now, I am honored to represent this hard-working group of individuals. This invitation led me to consider how people view the Society that we serve as employees.
随着SEG继续转型,总裁Ken Tubman邀请员工分享其观点。作为多年的会员和行业利益相关者领导者,以及两年多的执行董事,我很荣幸能代表这群辛勤工作的个人。这份邀请让我思考了人们如何看待我们作为员工所服务的社会。
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引用次数: 0
Gas-hydrate interpretation from 3D seismic attributes: An example from the Gulf of Mexico 基于三维地震属性的天然气水合物解释:以墨西哥湾为例
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42030216.1
N. Nenov, V. Machado, S. Sukmono, Eriwaldo Teixeira
Gas hydrates are a recognized drilling geohazard. If not mitigated, they may result in plugged blowout preventors, gas kicks, blowouts, borehole instability, gas leaks outside casings, and inadequate cementing operations. Gas hydrates located within the gas-hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) are difficult to interpret solely from seismic amplitudes. In this paper, we apply a multifaceted approach using the velocity pullup method in combination with 3D visualization of seismic attributes for the interpretation of gas hydrates within the GHSZ. The approach is applied to an area in the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico in water depths greater than 2400 m. The practical outcome of this study is the choice of safe drilling locations outside of areas where gas hydrates have been interpreted to be present.
天然气水合物是公认的钻井地质灾害。如果不加以缓解,可能会导致防喷器堵塞、气涌、井喷、井眼不稳定、套管外气体泄漏和固井作业不足。位于天然气水合物稳定带(GHSZ)内的天然气水合物很难仅从地震振幅进行解释。在本文中,我们将速度上拉法与地震属性的三维可视化相结合的多方面方法应用于GHSZ内天然气水合物的解释。该方法适用于墨西哥湾东部水深超过2400米的地区。本研究的实际结果是,在天然气水合物被解释为存在的地区之外,选择了安全的钻井位置。
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引用次数: 0
UAV magnetics over the Bjerkreim-Sokndal Intrusion, Rogaland, Norway: A first look 挪威罗加兰Bjerkreim Sokndal入侵上空的无人机磁性:第一眼
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020090.1
Madeline Lee, Y. Madriz, R. Gloaguen, S. McEnroe
The Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion in Rogaland Anorthosite Province in southwestern Norway has been the focus of decades of research due to its complex geology, the presence of prominent remanent magnetic anomalies, and current economic interest in critical minerals. In 2021, collaborative geophysical fieldwork was conducted by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology. Despite challenging environmental conditions, more than 100 line-km of magnetic data were collected by a custom multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) along the eastern margin of the Bjerkreim lobe of the Bjerkreim-Sokndal Intrusion. Data collection was focused over two areas. The first is an area in the south near the prominent Heskestad magnetic anomaly that is associated with large reversed magnetic remanence in a magnetite-ilmenite-gabbronorite unit. The second is an area in the north near Lake Teksevatnet that hosts mineralized zones and the Lauvneset magnetic anomaly. Initial analysis of the UAV-acquired magnetic data shows additional details on the geologic contacts of key units, especially where in-situ measurements are difficult to collect. UAV surveys help in the construction of an anomaly's geometry through incremental source-sensor separations at various flight altitudes above ground. The UAV data set is an intermediate step between ground and airborne surveys for multiscale interpretation and potentially extreme magnetic scales (from microscopic to planetary).
挪威西南部Rogaland Anorthosite省的Bjerkreim-Sokndal层状侵入体由于其复杂的地质、显著的残余磁异常的存在以及目前对关键矿物的经济兴趣,一直是几十年来研究的焦点。2021年,挪威科技大学和弗赖贝格亥姆霍兹资源技术研究所进行了合作地球物理实地调查。尽管环境条件具有挑战性,但一架定制的多旋翼无人机(UAV)沿着Bjerkreim Sokndal入侵的Bjerkreim叶的东部边缘收集了超过100行公里的磁性数据。数据收集集中在两个领域。第一个是南部靠近赫斯克斯塔德突出磁异常的区域,该磁异常与磁铁矿-钛铁矿-辉长岩单元中的大反向剩磁有关。第二个是北部靠近Teksevatnet湖的区域,该区域有矿化带和Lauvneset磁异常。对无人机获取的磁性数据的初步分析显示了关键单元地质接触的更多细节,尤其是在难以收集现场测量的情况下。无人机调查有助于通过在地面以上不同飞行高度的增量源传感器分离来构建异常的几何形状。无人机数据集是地面和空中调查之间的中间步骤,用于多尺度解释和潜在的极端磁尺度(从微观到行星)。
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引用次数: 0
Utilizing UAV-based hyperspectral imaging to detect surficial explosive ordnance 利用基于无人机的高光谱成像探测地表爆炸性弹药
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020098.1
Madison Tuohy, Jasper Baur, Gabriel Steinberg, Jalissa Pirro, Taylor Mitchell, A. Nikulin, John Frucci, Timothy S. de Smet
Across postconflict regions of the world, explosive ordnance (EO), which includes remnant antipersonnel land mines, antivehicle/tank mines, unexploded cluster munitions, improvised explosive devices, and explosive remnants of war (ERW) such as unexploded ordnance and abandoned explosive ordnance, remains a critical humanitarian concern. Clearance and land release efforts anchored on manual geophysical detection and mechanical probing methods remain painstakingly slow, expensive, and dangerous to operators. As a result, postconflict regions impacted by EO contamination significantly lag in social and economic development. Developing, calibrating, and field testing more efficient detection methods for surficial EO is a crucial task. Unpiloted aerial systems featuring advanced remote sensing capabilities are a key technology that may allow the tide to turn in the EO crisis. Specifically, recent advances in hardware design have allowed for effective deployment of small, light, and less power consuming hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems from small unpiloted aerial vehicles (UAVs). Our proof-of-concept study employs UAV-based HSI to deliver a safer, faster, and more cost-efficient method of surface land mine and ERW detection compared to current ground-based detection methods. Our results indicate that analysis of HSI data sets can produce spectral profiles and derivative data products to distinguish multiple ERW and mine types in a variety of host environments.
在世界各冲突后地区,爆炸性弹药(EO),包括残余杀伤人员地雷、反车辆/坦克地雷、未爆炸集束弹药、简易爆炸装置以及未爆炸弹药和废弃爆炸弹药等战争遗留爆炸物(ERW),仍然是一个严重的人道主义问题。基于人工地球物理探测和机械探测方法的清理和土地释放工作仍然非常缓慢、昂贵,对作业者来说也很危险。因此,受EO污染影响的冲突后地区的社会和经济发展明显滞后。开发、校准和现场测试更有效的地表电磁探测方法是一项至关重要的任务。具有先进遥感能力的无人驾驶航空系统是一项关键技术,可能会使EO危机的趋势发生转变。具体来说,最近硬件设计的进步使得小型无人驾驶飞行器(uav)可以有效地部署小、轻、低功耗的高光谱成像(HSI)系统。与目前的地面探测方法相比,我们的概念验证研究采用了基于无人机的HSI,提供了一种更安全、更快、更具成本效益的地面地雷和战争残留物探测方法。我们的研究结果表明,对HSI数据集的分析可以产生光谱剖面和衍生数据产品,以区分各种宿主环境中的多种ERW和矿山类型。
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引用次数: 1
UAV-towed scalar magnetic gradiometry: A case study in relation to iron oxide copper-gold mineralization, Nautanen (Arctic Sweden) 无人机拖曳标量磁梯度法:与氧化铁铜金矿化有关的案例研究,Nautanen(北极瑞典)
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020103.1
A. Døssing, M. Kolster, T. Rasmussen, J. T. Petersen, Eduardo L. S. da Silva
Scalar magnetic surveying using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms is slowly gaining momentum within geophysical applications. So far, only a handful of studies have dealt with UAV-towed scalar field measurements, while even fewer have considered towed scalar difference measurements (or gradients). In this paper, we demonstrate the possibilities and benefits of deploying precisely positioned noise-minimized UAV-towed scalar transverse horizontal difference (THD) measurements for mineral exploration purposes. UAV-towed gradiometry bird data are presented from the Nautanen area in northern Sweden and compared with ground magnetic surveys. This area is known for its iron oxide copper-gold mineralizations. The UAV survey spans a total area of 2.5 km2. It was covered using an average line spacing of 30 m and a constant flight altitude above ground level of 30 m. High-quality scalar total-field and THD data were collected with a dynamic noise level of the raw scalar data of about ±0.05 nT. Comparison with the ground magnetic data shows a strong correlation between magnetic anomaly lows and highs across the survey areas. A map with new structural information is presented based on subtle magnetic structures identified in discrete derivatives of the total magnetic intensity anomaly and THD data. Such systems may replace high-quality heliborne systems and reduce costs of the geophysical exploration phase. However, mapping with UAV-towed systems is not straightforward. With typical UAV flight speeds of only 10–12 m/s, the wind often disturbs the 3D attitude of the bird during flights. Hence, advanced processing is required to obtain the intended gradients. Similar challenges are less important in surveying, where the survey speed often greatly exceeds the wind speed.
利用无人机(UAV)平台的标量磁测量在地球物理应用中正慢慢获得动力。到目前为止,只有少数研究涉及无人机拖曳标量场测量,而考虑拖曳标量差测量(或梯度)的研究就更少了。在本文中,我们展示了用于矿产勘探目的的精确定位最小化噪声无人机拖曳标量横向水平差(THD)测量的可能性和好处。介绍了瑞典北部Nautanen地区的无人机拖曳梯度测量鸟类数据,并与地面磁测量进行了比较。该地区以氧化铁铜金矿化而闻名。无人机调查的总面积为2.5平方公里。它采用平均线距30米和高于地面30米的恒定飞行高度进行覆盖。原始标量数据的动态噪声水平约为±0.05 nT,获得了高质量的标量总场和THD数据。与地面磁资料对比发现,各测区磁异常低、高具有较强的相关性。根据总磁强异常和THD数据的离散导数识别出的细微磁结构,给出了具有新构造信息的磁结构图。这种系统可以取代高质量的直升机系统,降低地球物理勘探阶段的成本。然而,使用无人机牵引系统进行测绘并不简单。典型的无人机飞行速度只有10-12米/秒,在飞行过程中,风经常会干扰鸟的三维姿态。因此,需要进行高级处理以获得预期的梯度。在测量中,类似的挑战就不那么重要了,因为测量速度往往大大超过风速。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic Soundoff: The global water crisis and how to stop it 地震声:全球水危机和如何阻止它
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020144.1
A. Geary
Paul Bauman discusses his Global Sustainability Lecture, “A strategy for improving rural water supply development in Sub-Saharan Africa.” He highlights how water impacts all 17 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. He outlines the impact of 2 billion people living with water stress and how it could reach more than 5 billion in the next 10 years. Bauman also shares why every geoscientist needs to be aware of this crisis, how it impacts their work, and what actions can address the issue.
Paul Bauman讨论了他的全球可持续性演讲“改善撒哈拉以南非洲农村供水发展的战略”。他强调了水如何影响联合国所有17个可持续发展目标。他概述了20亿生活在水压力中的人的影响,以及在未来10年内如何达到50多亿。鲍曼还分享了为什么每个地球科学家都需要意识到这场危机,它如何影响他们的工作,以及采取什么行动可以解决这个问题。
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引用次数: 0
President's Page: Boosting SEG's career development offerings 总裁专页:促进SEG的职业发展服务
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020086.1
A. Small, Ge Jin, M. Capello
Your SEG is kicking off the new year with some exciting career development initiatives and collaborations with partner societies and supporting companies!
您的SEG将以一些令人兴奋的职业发展计划以及与合作伙伴协会和支持公司的合作开始新的一年!
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to this special section: Drone geophysics 本专题介绍:无人机地球物理学
Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1190/tle42020088.1
C. Walter, Timothy S. de Smet, H. Bedle
Technological advancements in geophysical sensors and sensor platforms over the past decade have given rise to the rapidly growing and innovative field of drone-based geophysics. As improvements in reliability, payload capacity, coverage capability, resolution, data quality, cost, and personnel safety continue to be realized, the widespread application of drone geophysics marks an exciting new era of innovation in near-surface geophysics. Since July 2017, when the first special section on drone geophysics was published in The Leading Edge, we have witnessed the rapid development and expansion of this applied-geophysics subfield to a point where there are now entire annual conferences, such as the SEG Summit on Drone Geophysics founded in 2020, dedicated to its continued advancement. Increasingly, it has become clear that drone geophysics is here to stay and is one of the most influential, widespread, and game-changing technology advancements in applied geophysics in recent years.
过去十年来,地球物理传感器和传感器平台的技术进步催生了无人机地球物理领域的快速发展和创新。随着可靠性、有效载荷能力、覆盖能力、分辨率、数据质量、成本和人员安全的不断提高,无人机地球物理的广泛应用标志着近地表地球物理创新进入了一个激动人心的新时代。自2017年7月无人机地球物理学的第一个专题部分发表在《前沿》杂志上以来,我们见证了这一应用地球物理学子领域的快速发展和扩展,现在已经举办了整个年度会议,如2020年成立的SEG无人机地球物理峰会,致力于其持续发展。越来越明显的是,无人机地球物理将继续存在,是近年来应用地球物理领域最具影响力、最广泛、最能改变游戏规则的技术进步之一。
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引用次数: 0
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