Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251601
M.M. Moorthi
Nickel metal hydride batteries bring some unique values to stationary applications - high energy and power densities, cycle life, quick charge capability and safety, to name a few. Since the late 80's, small cylindrical nickel metal hydride batteries have been widely used in portable applications requiring high rate discharge and rapid recharge, for example, camera flash and power tools. Recently, large prismatic nickel metal hydride batteries have become the technology of choice in hybrid electric vehicles due to their good cycle life, wide temperature range of operation and high rate capability. Additionally, these batteries have been tested and installed in large stationary applications due to their unique values. In one of those applications, a flooded lead acid battery system, used to back up 560 kW, was replaced with nickel metal hydride battery system to provide the same 15 minutes of back up time. A case study with this large nickel metal hydride battery installation will be presented in this paper
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Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251599
B. Cotton
The IEEE, PES (Power Engineering Society) Stationary Battery Committee is dedicated to the advancement of user knowledge in the application and operation of all stationary battery systems. The tools in this work, are scope and responsibilities of the committee, battery standards, technical sessions, and conferences
{"title":"The IEEE Standards Association Stationary Batteries Committee","authors":"B. Cotton","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251599","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE, PES (Power Engineering Society) Stationary Battery Committee is dedicated to the advancement of user knowledge in the application and operation of all stationary battery systems. The tools in this work, are scope and responsibilities of the committee, battery standards, technical sessions, and conferences","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133007956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251650
W. Bydeweg
Current telecommunications enclosures typically include a DC power system and battery backup that consumes a significant portion of the available real estate. When new equipment is added to provide new or upgraded services or to serve additional subscribers, there are dual stresses of increased power and back up demands as well as conflicting needs for more space within the enclosure. New battery technologies (lithium metal polymer) don't require the conditioned environment needed for VRLA and thus offer an opportunity to relocate the battery backup out of the main enclosure. The paper will discuss an external wall mounted enclosure (an alternative battery cabinet) applicable for concrete walk-in enclosures or huts that can house the LMP batteries. The specifics of this case study will be presented in detail including the economics of space reclamation on this scale. The several advantages of the ABC approach will be submitted for obtaining added revenue generating space in existing enclosures
{"title":"Enclosure Space Reclamation ABC's","authors":"W. Bydeweg","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251650","url":null,"abstract":"Current telecommunications enclosures typically include a DC power system and battery backup that consumes a significant portion of the available real estate. When new equipment is added to provide new or upgraded services or to serve additional subscribers, there are dual stresses of increased power and back up demands as well as conflicting needs for more space within the enclosure. New battery technologies (lithium metal polymer) don't require the conditioned environment needed for VRLA and thus offer an opportunity to relocate the battery backup out of the main enclosure. The paper will discuss an external wall mounted enclosure (an alternative battery cabinet) applicable for concrete walk-in enclosures or huts that can house the LMP batteries. The specifics of this case study will be presented in detail including the economics of space reclamation on this scale. The several advantages of the ABC approach will be submitted for obtaining added revenue generating space in existing enclosures","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132962034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251620
D. Robinson, D. Arent, Larry L. Johnson
This paper documents a probabilistic risk assessment of existing and alternative power supply systems at a large telecommunications office. The analysis characterizes the increase in the reliability of power supply through the use of two alternative power configurations. Failures in the power systems supporting major telecommunications service nodes are a main contributor to significant telecommunications outages. A logical approach to improving the robustness of telecommunication facilities is to increase the depth and breadth of technologies available to restore power during power outages. Distributed energy resources such as fuel cells and gas turbines could provide additional on-site electric power sources to provide backup power, if batteries and diesel generators fail. The analysis is based on a hierarchical Bayesian approach and focuses on the failure probability associated with each of three possible facility configurations, along with assessment of the uncertainty or confidence level in the probability of failure. A risk-based characterization of final best configuration is presented
{"title":"Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on the Reliability of Critical Telecommunications Facilities","authors":"D. Robinson, D. Arent, Larry L. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents a probabilistic risk assessment of existing and alternative power supply systems at a large telecommunications office. The analysis characterizes the increase in the reliability of power supply through the use of two alternative power configurations. Failures in the power systems supporting major telecommunications service nodes are a main contributor to significant telecommunications outages. A logical approach to improving the robustness of telecommunication facilities is to increase the depth and breadth of technologies available to restore power during power outages. Distributed energy resources such as fuel cells and gas turbines could provide additional on-site electric power sources to provide backup power, if batteries and diesel generators fail. The analysis is based on a hierarchical Bayesian approach and focuses on the failure probability associated with each of three possible facility configurations, along with assessment of the uncertainty or confidence level in the probability of failure. A risk-based characterization of final best configuration is presented","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131474119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2005.335195
J. Heweston, P. Meckler
Conventional mechanical CBs protect AC and DC circuits from overload and short circuit conditions. Electronic circuit breakers offer more features compared to mechanical ones. Features like nearly unlimited short circuit capability by current limitation, programmable rated current, programmable trip time curve, wire break indication, remote controllability and monitoring functions for current and voltage. In addition it offers millions of operations without any abrasion, (it should be mentioned, that the life of an electronic circuit breaker and the one of a mechanical circuit breaker are differently defined and therefore not comparable) but they do not provide physical isolation due to the leakage current at OFF-state and they are especially susceptible to line induced voltage spikes, which have to be suppressed by additional components like suppressor diodes. To protect against field induced electromagnetic pulses additional shielding is required. Therefore electronic circuit breakers often use an electrical contact in series with the power semiconductor, which will stay open in the OFF- state thus withstanding the required isolation voltages
{"title":"Modular Conventional Protection and its Enhancement through Electronic Circuit Breaker Systems","authors":"J. Heweston, P. Meckler","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2005.335195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2005.335195","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional mechanical CBs protect AC and DC circuits from overload and short circuit conditions. Electronic circuit breakers offer more features compared to mechanical ones. Features like nearly unlimited short circuit capability by current limitation, programmable rated current, programmable trip time curve, wire break indication, remote controllability and monitoring functions for current and voltage. In addition it offers millions of operations without any abrasion, (it should be mentioned, that the life of an electronic circuit breaker and the one of a mechanical circuit breaker are differently defined and therefore not comparable) but they do not provide physical isolation due to the leakage current at OFF-state and they are especially susceptible to line induced voltage spikes, which have to be suppressed by additional components like suppressor diodes. To protect against field induced electromagnetic pulses additional shielding is required. Therefore electronic circuit breakers often use an electrical contact in series with the power semiconductor, which will stay open in the OFF- state thus withstanding the required isolation voltages","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115391844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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