Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251585
J.-D. Desanti, G. Schweitz
From the utilities point of view, backup batteries are very important to secure substations of the electrical network. The economical criterion for those batteries are mainly the upfront capital costs and the operational costs including maintenance. Facing the battery's owning costs in the 2300 substations under operation in France, Electricite de France Research and Development has developed an innovative system called "Stationary Multibat". From an economical aspect, we have focused our work on the development of a battery management system adapted for low-cost batteries and the use of GSM supervision for reducing maintenance interventions and costs. Then, during the year 2004, EDF R&D has patented the system and developed a laboratory prototype of a 20 kWh backup system under 48 V which includes the following aspects: use of a low-cost lead-acid battery, use of a battery array with parallel strings managed independently to increase reliability, development of a battery manager monitoring capacity periodically and controlling the charge and floating state to be adapted for the selected low-cost batteries, remote control by GSM for maintenance service
{"title":"Decreasing Owning Costs of MV/LV Substations Backup Batteries","authors":"J.-D. Desanti, G. Schweitz","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251585","url":null,"abstract":"From the utilities point of view, backup batteries are very important to secure substations of the electrical network. The economical criterion for those batteries are mainly the upfront capital costs and the operational costs including maintenance. Facing the battery's owning costs in the 2300 substations under operation in France, Electricite de France Research and Development has developed an innovative system called \"Stationary Multibat\". From an economical aspect, we have focused our work on the development of a battery management system adapted for low-cost batteries and the use of GSM supervision for reducing maintenance interventions and costs. Then, during the year 2004, EDF R&D has patented the system and developed a laboratory prototype of a 20 kWh backup system under 48 V which includes the following aspects: use of a low-cost lead-acid battery, use of a battery array with parallel strings managed independently to increase reliability, development of a battery manager monitoring capacity periodically and controlling the charge and floating state to be adapted for the selected low-cost batteries, remote control by GSM for maintenance service","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251621
Xiaoni Xin, J. Zeng, Haoyi Ye, Aibinqiu, Jianping Ying
To meet the demand for high power density, it is necessary to push the switching frequency of PFC converter as high as possible while keeping high efficiency and low EMI. In this paper, the switching frequency effects on PFC choke, heat sink and EMI filter are discussed in detail and the optimized and utility operating frequency of PFC converter is obtained
{"title":"PFC Design for High Power Density Application","authors":"Xiaoni Xin, J. Zeng, Haoyi Ye, Aibinqiu, Jianping Ying","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251621","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the demand for high power density, it is necessary to push the switching frequency of PFC converter as high as possible while keeping high efficiency and low EMI. In this paper, the switching frequency effects on PFC choke, heat sink and EMI filter are discussed in detail and the optimized and utility operating frequency of PFC converter is obtained","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117105409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251637
M. Karppanen, M. Sippola, T. Suntio
The use of input-voltage-feedforward (IVFF) control has become a popular method to implement a reduced-cost bus converter in the DC power systems known as intermediate bus architecture (IBA), because the IVFF control can provide adequate output voltage accuracy in respect to the variations in the input voltage even at open loop, when applied to a buck converter. The method in itself is well known from 1980's but the dynamical features the method would provide have not been fully investigated and reported. This paper provides the theory behind the IVFF control according to which the dynamical properties of the associated converter are studied and experimentally verified. According to the investigations, the properly implemented IVFF control would provide input-to-output noise attenuation comparable to the peak-current-mode controlled converter, the voltage-loop gain largely independent of input voltage, highly reduced input-filter interactions but also increased sensitivity to negative-resistor-oscillation (NRO) phenomenon even at open loop
{"title":"Dynamics of Input-Voltage-Feedforward-Controlled Buck Converter","authors":"M. Karppanen, M. Sippola, T. Suntio","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251637","url":null,"abstract":"The use of input-voltage-feedforward (IVFF) control has become a popular method to implement a reduced-cost bus converter in the DC power systems known as intermediate bus architecture (IBA), because the IVFF control can provide adequate output voltage accuracy in respect to the variations in the input voltage even at open loop, when applied to a buck converter. The method in itself is well known from 1980's but the dynamical features the method would provide have not been fully investigated and reported. This paper provides the theory behind the IVFF control according to which the dynamical properties of the associated converter are studied and experimentally verified. According to the investigations, the properly implemented IVFF control would provide input-to-output noise attenuation comparable to the peak-current-mode controlled converter, the voltage-loop gain largely independent of input voltage, highly reduced input-filter interactions but also increased sensitivity to negative-resistor-oscillation (NRO) phenomenon even at open loop","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129553038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251635
Hongtao Shan, Y. Kang, Xikun Chen, M. Yu
The novel & practical digital parallel UPS system has been introduced in this paper. The parallel UPS system bases on distributed logic paralleling control strategy used by TMS320F240 as main-control chip. Data communication is realized among all of parallel UPS units or between parallel UPS units and supervision device with application of CAN bus technology. This paper illustrates briefly relevant content such as the total frame of parallel UPS system, control principle based on DSP, the design of parallel supervision device, and so on. The design of the parallel UPS system has advantage of high practicality
{"title":"Novel & Practical Digital Parallel UPS System Based on CAN_BUS","authors":"Hongtao Shan, Y. Kang, Xikun Chen, M. Yu","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251635","url":null,"abstract":"The novel & practical digital parallel UPS system has been introduced in this paper. The parallel UPS system bases on distributed logic paralleling control strategy used by TMS320F240 as main-control chip. Data communication is realized among all of parallel UPS units or between parallel UPS units and supervision device with application of CAN bus technology. This paper illustrates briefly relevant content such as the total frame of parallel UPS system, control principle based on DSP, the design of parallel supervision device, and so on. The design of the parallel UPS system has advantage of high practicality","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"75 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251589
L. Yao, H. Mao, I. Batarseh
A half bridge DC-DC converter with a novel current tripler rectifier (HBCTR) is proposed for low-voltage high-current applications. The proposed topology features high efficiency, good thermal management and simple magnetics design. A unified steady-state model is derived for the symmetrical and asymmetrical controlled HBCTR, and the DC analysis shows that the proposed HBCTR topology has high current capability that meets the high-current low-voltage requirements for microprocessor and telecommunication power supplies. Design considerations are presented based on mathematical analysis. Experimental results show the efficiency improvement compared with other conventional topologies
{"title":"Analysis and Design of Half-Bridge DC-DC Converters with Current Tripler Rectification","authors":"L. Yao, H. Mao, I. Batarseh","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251589","url":null,"abstract":"A half bridge DC-DC converter with a novel current tripler rectifier (HBCTR) is proposed for low-voltage high-current applications. The proposed topology features high efficiency, good thermal management and simple magnetics design. A unified steady-state model is derived for the symmetrical and asymmetrical controlled HBCTR, and the DC analysis shows that the proposed HBCTR topology has high current capability that meets the high-current low-voltage requirements for microprocessor and telecommunication power supplies. Design considerations are presented based on mathematical analysis. Experimental results show the efficiency improvement compared with other conventional topologies","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251631
F. Kramm
In this paper the results of many high temperature float tests of stationary VRLA-batteries carried out by EXIDE in the last 6 years are summarized and evaluated. The behaviour of the batteries at high temperatures is completely different for low rate and high rate discharge and depends on the technology, design and test temperature. With these results design life for different discharge rates can be calculated more accurately and parameter as test temperature can be taken in account. This paper can also be used as a basis of a new-thinking of future strategies especially for UPS applications
{"title":"Float Life Expectancy of VRLA-Batteries Based on High Temperature Float Tests Impact of Discharge Rate, Design and Test Parameter","authors":"F. Kramm","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251631","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the results of many high temperature float tests of stationary VRLA-batteries carried out by EXIDE in the last 6 years are summarized and evaluated. The behaviour of the batteries at high temperatures is completely different for low rate and high rate discharge and depends on the technology, design and test temperature. With these results design life for different discharge rates can be calculated more accurately and parameter as test temperature can be taken in account. This paper can also be used as a basis of a new-thinking of future strategies especially for UPS applications","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"25 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114032138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251634
F. Luo, Y. Kang, S. Duan, Xueliang Wei
In this paper, a new DC current measuring method using current transformer is put forward in this design, which can both reducing the cost of current sensor component and fulfilling the requirement of current detecting, simply adding a diode and a resister. A digital controlled battery charger based on microprocessor for high power UPS application is also presented. A two-stage charging strategy along with the control method is analyzed. A digital PI control strategy with parameter design is described at the last part of the paper
{"title":"A Novel Charging Solution for High Power UPS application","authors":"F. Luo, Y. Kang, S. Duan, Xueliang Wei","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251634","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new DC current measuring method using current transformer is put forward in this design, which can both reducing the cost of current sensor component and fulfilling the requirement of current detecting, simply adding a diode and a resister. A digital controlled battery charger based on microprocessor for high power UPS application is also presented. A two-stage charging strategy along with the control method is analyzed. A digital PI control strategy with parameter design is described at the last part of the paper","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124493442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251625
T. Takeda, A. Fukui, M. Matsumoto, K. Hirose, S. Muroyama
In recent years, new electricity supply systems have been constructed that benefit consumers and power supply enterprises, as the introduction of distributed power increases. This situation has led to new electric power network systems that supply multiple power quality levels to authorized consumers. As part of our research on demonstrating the supply of multiple power quality levels, we developed an integrated power system. We checked that the system can always supply high-quality electricity regardless of the condition of the AC upstream line and that it can assure the electricity quality of an AC upstream line when a distributed power supply is run independently. In addition, we built a DC distribution network and tried a DC 300 V distribution. DC distribution has conventionally been used for communication facilities at 48 V, but this voltage is too low to supply large-capacity electricity. Electric power can be distributed on a macro scale and distribution losses can be reduced by using a voltage of 300 V, but measures must be taken for safety. Therefore, we used a semiconductor switch in a protective device for DC 300 V distribution. We checked that it shorted the parallel circuit within about 1.0 mus of excess current being detected. We report the specifications and functions of the integrated power system and describe the DC protective device with a semiconductor switch
{"title":"Power Quality Assurance by using Integrated Power System","authors":"T. Takeda, A. Fukui, M. Matsumoto, K. Hirose, S. Muroyama","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251625","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, new electricity supply systems have been constructed that benefit consumers and power supply enterprises, as the introduction of distributed power increases. This situation has led to new electric power network systems that supply multiple power quality levels to authorized consumers. As part of our research on demonstrating the supply of multiple power quality levels, we developed an integrated power system. We checked that the system can always supply high-quality electricity regardless of the condition of the AC upstream line and that it can assure the electricity quality of an AC upstream line when a distributed power supply is run independently. In addition, we built a DC distribution network and tried a DC 300 V distribution. DC distribution has conventionally been used for communication facilities at 48 V, but this voltage is too low to supply large-capacity electricity. Electric power can be distributed on a macro scale and distribution losses can be reduced by using a voltage of 300 V, but measures must be taken for safety. Therefore, we used a semiconductor switch in a protective device for DC 300 V distribution. We checked that it shorted the parallel circuit within about 1.0 mus of excess current being detected. We report the specifications and functions of the integrated power system and describe the DC protective device with a semiconductor switch","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115745939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251657
H. Koyama
Founded in 1996, IdaTech has become a leader in the development of fuel processors and integrated fuel cell systems for portable power, critical backup power and remote power applications world-side. The company is focusing on the commercial deployment of PEM fuel cell solutions for a wide range of power generation needs including critical backup, remote and portable applications. IdaTech's core technology is its patented fuel processing technology, which is capable of converting a variety of fuels, including methanol, natural gas and bio fuels, into high purity hydrogen, as well as the development and commercial production of PEM fuel cells. Currently, the company is deploying systems in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. The company is headquartered in Bend, Oregon, and operates an office in Herten, Germany to serve IdaTech's European customers and partners
{"title":"Extended Run Fuel Cell Backup Power: Solving the Hydrogen Problem","authors":"H. Koyama","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251657","url":null,"abstract":"Founded in 1996, IdaTech has become a leader in the development of fuel processors and integrated fuel cell systems for portable power, critical backup power and remote power applications world-side. The company is focusing on the commercial deployment of PEM fuel cell solutions for a wide range of power generation needs including critical backup, remote and portable applications. IdaTech's core technology is its patented fuel processing technology, which is capable of converting a variety of fuels, including methanol, natural gas and bio fuels, into high purity hydrogen, as well as the development and commercial production of PEM fuel cells. Currently, the company is deploying systems in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. The company is headquartered in Bend, Oregon, and operates an office in Herten, Germany to serve IdaTech's European customers and partners","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251593
Z. Noworolski, U. Reskov
The safety requirements for battery ground fault detection were recognised by UPS industry from its infancy. Detection of leak to ground as low as 4 mA is a standard feature in UPS battery installations. In Telco applications one of the battery busses is usually grounded, therefore ground fault detection appears to be redundant. Placement of the battery in closed cabinet initially removed the requirements of ground detection. However, the issue of serious failure of the system in the case of ground failure initiated the search not so much for ground detection as for leakage of current to ground. In some instances it is possible to use the same technique as for the "floating" battery. In this paper the specifics of the leak detection when the battery is intentionally grounded or connected directly to the AC will be discussed
{"title":"Ground Fault Detection by Differential Monitoring of the Float Current","authors":"Z. Noworolski, U. Reskov","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251593","url":null,"abstract":"The safety requirements for battery ground fault detection were recognised by UPS industry from its infancy. Detection of leak to ground as low as 4 mA is a standard feature in UPS battery installations. In Telco applications one of the battery busses is usually grounded, therefore ground fault detection appears to be redundant. Placement of the battery in closed cabinet initially removed the requirements of ground detection. However, the issue of serious failure of the system in the case of ground failure initiated the search not so much for ground detection as for leakage of current to ground. In some instances it is possible to use the same technique as for the \"floating\" battery. In this paper the specifics of the leak detection when the battery is intentionally grounded or connected directly to the AC will be discussed","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114942132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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