Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251654
B. Oraw, R. Ayyanar
This paper presents large signal and small signal average models and a control structure for a new extended duty ratio, multiphase, synchronous buck converter. This recently introduced topology produces an increase in duty ratio by a factor 2 and a significant reduction in output current ripple. An intrinsic current balancing mechanism, a new overlapping steady state mode of operation, and an improved interleaving pattern are examined in this paper. The proposed modeling and control design methodologies are applied to a 12 V-1.2 V/40 A, 400 kHz, four-phase prototype
本文介绍了一种新型扩展占空比多相同步降压变换器的大信号和小信号平均模型及控制结构。这种最近引入的拓扑结构使占空比增加了2倍，并显著降低了输出电流纹波。本文研究了一种内在电流平衡机制、一种新的重叠稳态工作模式和一种改进的交错模式。提出的建模和控制设计方法应用于12 V-1.2 V/40 a, 400 kHz，四相原型
{"title":"Small Signal Modeling and Control Design for New Extended Duty Ratio, Interleaved Multiphase Synchronous Buck Converter","authors":"B. Oraw, R. Ayyanar","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251654","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents large signal and small signal average models and a control structure for a new extended duty ratio, multiphase, synchronous buck converter. This recently introduced topology produces an increase in duty ratio by a factor 2 and a significant reduction in output current ripple. An intrinsic current balancing mechanism, a new overlapping steady state mode of operation, and an improved interleaving pattern are examined in this paper. The proposed modeling and control design methodologies are applied to a 12 V-1.2 V/40 A, 400 kHz, four-phase prototype","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122407260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251611
M. MacDonald
This paper will present the design considerations for developing a remote power node for span powering new broadband services. Wire-line service providers have been increasingly turning to span powering to economically power broadband services. Use of higher voltages has expanded the possible reach of span powering. However, the distribution of subscribers and increasing power demands can make it impractical to do this from existing facilities in all situations. Use of a dedicated remote power node is a viable option for supporting span powering in these cases. The paper will discuss the integrated enclosure requirements, the DC power system and battery backup options, and the span power converter, protection, cross connect and termination. It will also cover cabling and power transmission strategies for the customer and safety considerations and procedures. A case study of one power node will be presented. The paper will demonstrate that a remote power node is a viable method of providing span powering for expanding broadband services
{"title":"A Remote Power Node for Span Powering","authors":"M. MacDonald","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251611","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will present the design considerations for developing a remote power node for span powering new broadband services. Wire-line service providers have been increasingly turning to span powering to economically power broadband services. Use of higher voltages has expanded the possible reach of span powering. However, the distribution of subscribers and increasing power demands can make it impractical to do this from existing facilities in all situations. Use of a dedicated remote power node is a viable option for supporting span powering in these cases. The paper will discuss the integrated enclosure requirements, the DC power system and battery backup options, and the span power converter, protection, cross connect and termination. It will also cover cabling and power transmission strategies for the customer and safety considerations and procedures. A case study of one power node will be presented. The paper will demonstrate that a remote power node is a viable method of providing span powering for expanding broadband services","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"714 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124098570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251604
S. Masson, J. Gautier, D. Nortershauser
The present paper describes an original air conditioning method without using active cooling units for telecommunication switching rooms. The principle of simplified air-conditioning consists in using exclusively the external air for cooling the switching rooms. By using the thermal inertia of the building and by developing an original regulation, it is possible to limit the effects of the external variations of temperature. Standard climatic limits have been maintained during the experimentation. With this method, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning without degrading the quality of service according to the policy of France telecom regarding sustainable development
{"title":"Simplified Air-conditioning for telecommunication switches","authors":"S. Masson, J. Gautier, D. Nortershauser","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251604","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper describes an original air conditioning method without using active cooling units for telecommunication switching rooms. The principle of simplified air-conditioning consists in using exclusively the external air for cooling the switching rooms. By using the thermal inertia of the building and by developing an original regulation, it is possible to limit the effects of the external variations of temperature. Standard climatic limits have been maintained during the experimentation. With this method, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning without degrading the quality of service according to the policy of France telecom regarding sustainable development","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116908081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251615
M. Shoyama, F. Deriha, T. Ninomiya
Conventional switched capacitor converters have an inherent drawback that their efficiency is much decreased as the output current is increased. To solve this problem we presented a novel resonant switched capacitor converter topology that uses a resonant operation instead of the forced charging and discharging operation. Its advantages over a conventional switched capacitor converter are a high efficiency and a low switching noise. In this paper, the operation analysis and steady-state characteristics are briefly reviewed for a boost type switched capacitor converter, and conducted noise characteristics are investigated experimentally
{"title":"Evaluation of Conducted Noise of Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter","authors":"M. Shoyama, F. Deriha, T. Ninomiya","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251615","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional switched capacitor converters have an inherent drawback that their efficiency is much decreased as the output current is increased. To solve this problem we presented a novel resonant switched capacitor converter topology that uses a resonant operation instead of the forced charging and discharging operation. Its advantages over a conventional switched capacitor converter are a high efficiency and a low switching noise. In this paper, the operation analysis and steady-state characteristics are briefly reviewed for a boost type switched capacitor converter, and conducted noise characteristics are investigated experimentally","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125403013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251632
T. Tsujikawa, K. Yabuta, T. Matsushita
NTT Facilities, Inc. has developed high-rate discharge stationary VRLA batteries (2 V, 200 Ah and 2 V, 300 Ah) for UPSs and data center backups. The battery capacities are 1.35-6.4 times greater at a discharge current of 1-3 CA compared with a conventional battery due to improved plates and poles. We reduced the masses of the batteries by 26% and the volumes by 47% for heavy-current discharges in a short time (10 minutes). In this way, the batteries were miniaturized, and the installation spaces were reduced. Moreover, the results of a life test showed that the lifetimes of the batteries can be extrapolated to more than 10 years at an ambient temperature of 25 degC and discharge currents of 2-3 CA. A vibration test showed that the batteries have earthquake-proof performance at an acceleration of 1.2 G
{"title":"Development of High-rate Discharge Stationary VRLA Battery","authors":"T. Tsujikawa, K. Yabuta, T. Matsushita","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251632","url":null,"abstract":"NTT Facilities, Inc. has developed high-rate discharge stationary VRLA batteries (2 V, 200 Ah and 2 V, 300 Ah) for UPSs and data center backups. The battery capacities are 1.35-6.4 times greater at a discharge current of 1-3 CA compared with a conventional battery due to improved plates and poles. We reduced the masses of the batteries by 26% and the volumes by 47% for heavy-current discharges in a short time (10 minutes). In this way, the batteries were miniaturized, and the installation spaces were reduced. Moreover, the results of a life test showed that the lifetimes of the batteries can be extrapolated to more than 10 years at an ambient temperature of 25 degC and discharge currents of 2-3 CA. A vibration test showed that the batteries have earthquake-proof performance at an acceleration of 1.2 G","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251595
V. de Blas, J. Lopez, J. Manso, A. Molleda, P. Robledo, J.A. Segador
This paper describes the advanced solution developed by Emerson for the remote management of buildings and telecommunication equipments as a consequence of existing operator needs caused by the heavy increase in the deployment of their networks
{"title":"A New Advanced Management Solution for Telecom Infrastructure Equipments and Buildings","authors":"V. de Blas, J. Lopez, J. Manso, A. Molleda, P. Robledo, J.A. Segador","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251595","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the advanced solution developed by Emerson for the remote management of buildings and telecommunication equipments as a consequence of existing operator needs caused by the heavy increase in the deployment of their networks","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127309158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251587
K. Fukushima, T. Hashimoto, T. Ninomiya, T. Segawa
Many switching converters use soft-switching techniques with an active-clamp snubber so as to reduce switching surge and common-mode noise. In particular, the common-source type active-clamped forward converter is known as an effective circuit topology for common-mode noise reduction. On the other hand, replacing the output rectifying diodes with synchronous rectifier circuits, the power efficiency can be improved in the DC-DC converter with low-voltage and large-current output. Furthermore, the self-driven synchronous-rectifier circuits are generally used because of isolation and simple structure of their gate-driving circuits. However, for this common-source type active-clamped forward converter with self-driven synchronous rectifiers, it has been recently noticed that an abnormal phenomenon such as the inductor-current oscillation and the acoustic noise generation in the transformer occur in some conditions. This paper discusses the above-mentioned abnormal phenomenon. The cause of the abnormal phenomenon is examined and its occurrence condition is clarified
{"title":"Consideration for Abnormal Phenomenon in Common-Source type Active-clamped Forward Converter with Self-driven Synchronous Rectifier","authors":"K. Fukushima, T. Hashimoto, T. Ninomiya, T. Segawa","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251587","url":null,"abstract":"Many switching converters use soft-switching techniques with an active-clamp snubber so as to reduce switching surge and common-mode noise. In particular, the common-source type active-clamped forward converter is known as an effective circuit topology for common-mode noise reduction. On the other hand, replacing the output rectifying diodes with synchronous rectifier circuits, the power efficiency can be improved in the DC-DC converter with low-voltage and large-current output. Furthermore, the self-driven synchronous-rectifier circuits are generally used because of isolation and simple structure of their gate-driving circuits. However, for this common-source type active-clamped forward converter with self-driven synchronous rectifiers, it has been recently noticed that an abnormal phenomenon such as the inductor-current oscillation and the acoustic noise generation in the transformer occur in some conditions. This paper discusses the above-mentioned abnormal phenomenon. The cause of the abnormal phenomenon is examined and its occurrence condition is clarified","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133510683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251608
D. Marquet, O. Foucault, M. Aubree
Since the 70th, France Telecom R&D has made researches to use solar and renewable energy for powering remote sites. This work includes sizing algorithms, new solutions for battery management, hybrid sources, remote management and several laboratory or field experimentations. The accelerated development of telecom in the world (wireless, broadband access), in a context of environmental concern and energy depletion, induces more researches to optimize remote sites powering and even grid connected solutions. This paper presents a brief history of France telecom involvement, recent research developments results and perspectives
{"title":"Sollan-Dimsol R&D Project, Solar and Renewable Energy in France Telecom","authors":"D. Marquet, O. Foucault, M. Aubree","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251608","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 70th, France Telecom R&D has made researches to use solar and renewable energy for powering remote sites. This work includes sizing algorithms, new solutions for battery management, hybrid sources, remote management and several laboratory or field experimentations. The accelerated development of telecom in the world (wireless, broadband access), in a context of environmental concern and energy depletion, induces more researches to optimize remote sites powering and even grid connected solutions. This paper presents a brief history of France telecom involvement, recent research developments results and perspectives","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122346286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251626
D. Rixhon, P. Bleus
CE+T presents a "Revolutionary Power Concept" based on a range of modular static converters that overcomes the limitations of standard UPS' and improves the DC/AC inverter systems solutions fitted with static by pass switch. It allows for the first time to build AC power systems by removing any possible "single point of failure" with high efficiency and full scalability. Based on one single multifunctional module it leads to parallel architectures truly redundant to cover the latest power systems requirements for ICT and industry in IT age. A comparison with conventional UPS' and DC/AC inverter systems including a static by pass switch will be conducted by taking into account power density, efficiency, overload and short-circuit current capacity, modularity, redundancy, distortion, power factor
{"title":"AC Power Backup without Single Point of Failure","authors":"D. Rixhon, P. Bleus","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251626","url":null,"abstract":"CE+T presents a \"Revolutionary Power Concept\" based on a range of modular static converters that overcomes the limitations of standard UPS' and improves the DC/AC inverter systems solutions fitted with static by pass switch. It allows for the first time to build AC power systems by removing any possible \"single point of failure\" with high efficiency and full scalability. Based on one single multifunctional module it leads to parallel architectures truly redundant to cover the latest power systems requirements for ICT and industry in IT age. A comparison with conventional UPS' and DC/AC inverter systems including a static by pass switch will be conducted by taking into account power density, efficiency, overload and short-circuit current capacity, modularity, redundancy, distortion, power factor","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-04DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251663
S. Abe, M. Hirokawa, T. Zaitsu, T. Ninomiya
The power supply system which requires the low-voltage/high-current output has been changing from conventional centralized power system to distributed power system. The distributed power system consists of bus converter and POL. The most important factor is the system stability in bus architecture design. The overlap between the output impedance of bus converter and input impedance of POL causes system instability, and it has been an actual problem. Increasing the bus capacitor, system stability can be reduced easily. However, due to the limited space on the system board, increasing of bus capacitors is impractical. The urgent solution of the issue is desired strongly. This paper investigates the system stability by means of bus converter with peak current mode control to eliminate the output impedance peak. As a result, this system has sufficient stability margin due to the output impedance peak disappeared by means of peak current mode control
{"title":"Stability Comparison of Voltage Mode and Peak Current Mode Control for Bus Converter in On-Board Distributed Power System","authors":"S. Abe, M. Hirokawa, T. Zaitsu, T. Ninomiya","doi":"10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/INTLEC.2006.251663","url":null,"abstract":"The power supply system which requires the low-voltage/high-current output has been changing from conventional centralized power system to distributed power system. The distributed power system consists of bus converter and POL. The most important factor is the system stability in bus architecture design. The overlap between the output impedance of bus converter and input impedance of POL causes system instability, and it has been an actual problem. Increasing the bus capacitor, system stability can be reduced easily. However, due to the limited space on the system board, increasing of bus capacitors is impractical. The urgent solution of the issue is desired strongly. This paper investigates the system stability by means of bus converter with peak current mode control to eliminate the output impedance peak. As a result, this system has sufficient stability margin due to the output impedance peak disappeared by means of peak current mode control","PeriodicalId":356699,"journal":{"name":"INTELEC 06 - Twenty-Eighth International Telecommunications Energy Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122776364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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