Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538442
N. P. Ziogos, A. C. Tellidou, V. P. Gountis, A. Bakirtzis
This paper presents a Q-Learning algorithm for the development of bidding strategies for market participants in FTR auctions. Each market participant is represented by an autonomous adaptive agent capable of developing its own bidding behavior based on a Q-learning algorithm. Initially, a bi- level optimization problem is formulated. At the first level, a market participant tries to maximize his expected profit under the constraint that, at the second level, an independent system operator tries to maximize the revenues from the FTR auction. It is assumed that each FTR market participant chooses his bidding strategy, for holding a FTR, based on a probabilistic estimate of the LMP differences between withdrawal and injection points. The market participant expected profit is calculated and a Q- learning algorithm is employed to find the optimal bidding strategy. A two-bus and a five-bus test system are used to illustrate the presented method.
{"title":"A Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Market Participants in FTR Auctions","authors":"N. P. Ziogos, A. C. Tellidou, V. P. Gountis, A. Bakirtzis","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538442","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Q-Learning algorithm for the development of bidding strategies for market participants in FTR auctions. Each market participant is represented by an autonomous adaptive agent capable of developing its own bidding behavior based on a Q-learning algorithm. Initially, a bi- level optimization problem is formulated. At the first level, a market participant tries to maximize his expected profit under the constraint that, at the second level, an independent system operator tries to maximize the revenues from the FTR auction. It is assumed that each FTR market participant chooses his bidding strategy, for holding a FTR, based on a probabilistic estimate of the LMP differences between withdrawal and injection points. The market participant expected profit is calculated and a Q- learning algorithm is employed to find the optimal bidding strategy. A two-bus and a five-bus test system are used to illustrate the presented method.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115942766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538569
D. Westermann, H. Sauvain
This paper outlines practical experiences from the application of a wide area monitoring and control system in a real network environment. After outline a general architecture for system control, results of first prototype application for optimal power flow and damping control will be presented. The last part of the paper focuses on the impact of data quality within the communication system.
{"title":"Experiences with Wide Area Coordinated Control of Facts Devices and HVDC in a Real Time Environment","authors":"D. Westermann, H. Sauvain","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538569","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines practical experiences from the application of a wide area monitoring and control system in a real network environment. After outline a general architecture for system control, results of first prototype application for optimal power flow and damping control will be presented. The last part of the paper focuses on the impact of data quality within the communication system.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122251617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538579
R. Arrieta, M. Rios, A. Torres
Power system operating planning must determine adverse conditions that could affect the normal performance of the system. Load variations and contingencies could provoke these adverse conditions, which produce angular instability problems or voltage stability problems, among others. In addition, the short-term operating planning must evaluate risk of instability conditions for angular and voltage instability. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the angular instability risk due to load uncertainty based on modal analysis of the small signal analysis for short-term planning purposes. In addition, the risk assessment of angular instability is done for selected contingencies based on an eigenvalue variation contingency ranking proposed in this paper. The methodology is tested in the New England 39 nodes system.
{"title":"Contingency Analysis and Risk Assessment of Small Signal Instability","authors":"R. Arrieta, M. Rios, A. Torres","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538579","url":null,"abstract":"Power system operating planning must determine adverse conditions that could affect the normal performance of the system. Load variations and contingencies could provoke these adverse conditions, which produce angular instability problems or voltage stability problems, among others. In addition, the short-term operating planning must evaluate risk of instability conditions for angular and voltage instability. This paper proposes a methodology to assess the angular instability risk due to load uncertainty based on modal analysis of the small signal analysis for short-term planning purposes. In addition, the risk assessment of angular instability is done for selected contingencies based on an eigenvalue variation contingency ranking proposed in this paper. The methodology is tested in the New England 39 nodes system.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126649628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538347
U. Eminoglu, M. H. Hocaoğlu
It is already known that due to some distinct characteristics of distributions systems, the conventional load flow algorithms may fail to converge in solving such networks. Therefore, various sweep based methods developed in the literature to carry out the power flow studies of radial distribution networks. This paper shows a new approach to incorporate PV-Buses into sweep-based unbalanced distribution system power flow algorithms. The proposed approach has been applied into four different sweep based algorithms and tested on different test systems. The results show that the proposed approach is reliable and easy to be applied to the sweep-based algorithms.
{"title":"Three-Phase Controlled-Q Updating Method for Forward/Backward Sweep-Based Distribution Systems Power Flow Algorithms","authors":"U. Eminoglu, M. H. Hocaoğlu","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538347","url":null,"abstract":"It is already known that due to some distinct characteristics of distributions systems, the conventional load flow algorithms may fail to converge in solving such networks. Therefore, various sweep based methods developed in the literature to carry out the power flow studies of radial distribution networks. This paper shows a new approach to incorporate PV-Buses into sweep-based unbalanced distribution system power flow algorithms. The proposed approach has been applied into four different sweep based algorithms and tested on different test systems. The results show that the proposed approach is reliable and easy to be applied to the sweep-based algorithms.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126472970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538634
K. Mwanza, You Shi, Le Anh Tuan
This paper deals with the congestion problem in the deregulated electricity market using an optimal power flow framework (OPF). The congestion management method considered in this paper is based on a constrained re-dispatch of generation schedule which are formed by the market. From the re-dispatch, the congestion management cost can be evaluated. The paper considers the installation and operation of the flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the transmission network in order to alleviate congestion and minimize the amount of active power which has to be re-dispatched. A cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economical justification of using FACTS for congestion management is proposed in the paper. The IEEE 14-bus system is used to simulate the market and illustrate the proposed method. The study results show that when FACTS devices are included in the network, the amount of re-dispatched power is greatly reduced resulting in an optimal operating point closer to that dictated by the market settlement and that FACTS is a viable option for congestion management, from a technical as well as economical point of view.
{"title":"Economic Evaluation of FACTS for Congestion Management in Pool Markets","authors":"K. Mwanza, You Shi, Le Anh Tuan","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538634","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the congestion problem in the deregulated electricity market using an optimal power flow framework (OPF). The congestion management method considered in this paper is based on a constrained re-dispatch of generation schedule which are formed by the market. From the re-dispatch, the congestion management cost can be evaluated. The paper considers the installation and operation of the flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the transmission network in order to alleviate congestion and minimize the amount of active power which has to be re-dispatched. A cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the economical justification of using FACTS for congestion management is proposed in the paper. The IEEE 14-bus system is used to simulate the market and illustrate the proposed method. The study results show that when FACTS devices are included in the network, the amount of re-dispatched power is greatly reduced resulting in an optimal operating point closer to that dictated by the market settlement and that FACTS is a viable option for congestion management, from a technical as well as economical point of view.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127462806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538354
F. Coffele, R. Garcia-Valle, E. Acha
A three-phase Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm with conventional HVDC power plant modelling is presented in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the representation of converter control modes. The solution approach takes advantage of the strong numerical convergence afforded by the Newton-Raphson method in polar coordinates to yield reliable numerical solutions for combined HVAC-HVDC systems, where power plant and operational imbalances are explicitly taken into account. Although well-developed algorithms exist for solving fundamental frequency, three-phase power flows or combined power flows/harmonic currents, no HVDC converter control mode representation appears to have been addressed in the numerically reliable three-phase Newton-Raphson method. Two test cases are solved, one corresponding to a small system to enable reproduction of results by interested readers and the other is a large system containing several HVDC links and operational control modes.
{"title":"The Inclusion of HVDC Control Modes in a Three-Phase Newton-Raphson Power Flow Algorithm","authors":"F. Coffele, R. Garcia-Valle, E. Acha","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538354","url":null,"abstract":"A three-phase Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm with conventional HVDC power plant modelling is presented in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the representation of converter control modes. The solution approach takes advantage of the strong numerical convergence afforded by the Newton-Raphson method in polar coordinates to yield reliable numerical solutions for combined HVAC-HVDC systems, where power plant and operational imbalances are explicitly taken into account. Although well-developed algorithms exist for solving fundamental frequency, three-phase power flows or combined power flows/harmonic currents, no HVDC converter control mode representation appears to have been addressed in the numerically reliable three-phase Newton-Raphson method. Two test cases are solved, one corresponding to a small system to enable reproduction of results by interested readers and the other is a large system containing several HVDC links and operational control modes.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129017998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538573
B. Genet, J. Maun
A new monitoring method based on a wide-area network of Phaser Measurement Units (PMU) is proposed. This tool detects on-line and in real-time an incipient voltage instability in the power system. A geographical visualization is introduced to monitor efficiently the state of the network. The method is general and can be implemented in any part of a network prone to voltage instability. It can be used to trigger corrective actions to avoid a collapse. The hypotheses and the results of the new method will be discussed in regard with those given by the Thevenin's equivalent computed at the load bus.
{"title":"Voltage-Stability Monitoring Using Wide-Area Measurement Systems","authors":"B. Genet, J. Maun","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538573","url":null,"abstract":"A new monitoring method based on a wide-area network of Phaser Measurement Units (PMU) is proposed. This tool detects on-line and in real-time an incipient voltage instability in the power system. A geographical visualization is introduced to monitor efficiently the state of the network. The method is general and can be implemented in any part of a network prone to voltage instability. It can be used to trigger corrective actions to avoid a collapse. The hypotheses and the results of the new method will be discussed in regard with those given by the Thevenin's equivalent computed at the load bus.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538623
M. Paar, P. Toman
This article describes the possibilities of solving optimal distribution of capacitors by particle swarm optimization (PSO) used in parallel compensation of medium voltage (MV) distribution network. PSO is a suitable tool for solving combinatorial problems benefiting from low requirements for criterial function. An algorithm looks for such a parameter set-up that has a minimum price and a minimum level of the total power losses and a minimum cost of capacitors and minimum maintenance expenses, all of this under given limitations. Its functionality is demonstrated on the example of a power network.
{"title":"Utilization of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Optimization of MV Network Compensation","authors":"M. Paar, P. Toman","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538623","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the possibilities of solving optimal distribution of capacitors by particle swarm optimization (PSO) used in parallel compensation of medium voltage (MV) distribution network. PSO is a suitable tool for solving combinatorial problems benefiting from low requirements for criterial function. An algorithm looks for such a parameter set-up that has a minimum price and a minimum level of the total power losses and a minimum cost of capacitors and minimum maintenance expenses, all of this under given limitations. Its functionality is demonstrated on the example of a power network.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127019084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538665
L. Pinto, M. Fernández, L. Macedo, J. Szczupak
This paper proposes an integrated solution to the optimum portfolio building considering price and demand uncertainties. More than simply assessing risks, the proposed approach opens the possibility of a real and effective risk management, including maximum risk levels as optimization constraints. The resulting model corresponds to a stochastic non-linear integer programming problem and is solved by a customized algorithm, designed for efficiency and reliability. Possible extensions (targeting special markets customization) are straightforward and may be easily taken into account.
{"title":"Building the Optimal Contract Portfolio under Non-Probabilistic Uncertainties","authors":"L. Pinto, M. Fernández, L. Macedo, J. Szczupak","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538665","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an integrated solution to the optimum portfolio building considering price and demand uncertainties. More than simply assessing risks, the proposed approach opens the possibility of a real and effective risk management, including maximum risk levels as optimization constraints. The resulting model corresponds to a stochastic non-linear integer programming problem and is solved by a customized algorithm, designed for efficiency and reliability. Possible extensions (targeting special markets customization) are straightforward and may be easily taken into account.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130715627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538601
V. Detfich, P. Skala, Z. Špaček, V. Blazek
The paper presents a new method allowing us to express, in financial terms, the contribution of certain measures undertaken in the network that result in increasing the reliability of electricity supply to customers. This method is based on the potential of reducing the costs of supply interruptions. Simulation tools elaborated by EGU Brno, a. s. which respect the non- homogeneity of the numbers and durations of supply interruptions on individual feeders are used for this purpose. The results obtained follow from the distribution of annual numbers of supply interruptions on feeders and from the distribution of their durations reflecting the real situation on a given group of feeders. The costs of supply interruptions are calculated based on customer's standards of electricity supply continuity. Practical application of the method is demonstrated by using an example of applying a slow auto-reclosing in a 22 kV overhead distribution network and of installing telecontrolled switching elements on a model 22 kV feeder.
本文提出了一种新的方法，使我们能够用财务术语来表示在电网中采取的某些措施对提高客户电力供应可靠性的贡献。这种方法是基于降低供应中断成本的潜力。由EGU Brno, a. s.详细阐述的仿真工具考虑了单个馈线上供电中断的数量和持续时间的非同质性，用于此目的。根据馈线年供电中断次数的分布及其持续时间的分布，得到了反映给定馈线组实际情况的结果。供电中断的成本是根据客户的供电连续性标准来计算的。通过在22kv架空配电网中应用慢速自动重合闸和在22kv馈线上安装遥控开关元件的实例，说明了该方法的实际应用。
{"title":"Evaluation of Measures Undertaken in the Distribution Network Based on the Potential of Reducing the Costs of Supply Interruptions","authors":"V. Detfich, P. Skala, Z. Špaček, V. Blazek","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538601","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new method allowing us to express, in financial terms, the contribution of certain measures undertaken in the network that result in increasing the reliability of electricity supply to customers. This method is based on the potential of reducing the costs of supply interruptions. Simulation tools elaborated by EGU Brno, a. s. which respect the non- homogeneity of the numbers and durations of supply interruptions on individual feeders are used for this purpose. The results obtained follow from the distribution of annual numbers of supply interruptions on feeders and from the distribution of their durations reflecting the real situation on a given group of feeders. The costs of supply interruptions are calculated based on customer's standards of electricity supply continuity. Practical application of the method is demonstrated by using an example of applying a slow auto-reclosing in a 22 kV overhead distribution network and of installing telecontrolled switching elements on a model 22 kV feeder.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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