Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538619
Á. Molina-García, R. Torres, J. Muñoz, N. Encinas
The objective of this paper is to describe and assess the application of Controller Area Networks to Direct Load Control programs, extending the CAN applications from industrial sector to residential automation. The proposed system allows the customers to monitor and control automatically their heating and cooling individual loads, maintaining minimum comfort levels and offering a flexible, low-cost and friendly tool-through a graphical user interface environment-in order to active the demand-side participation in the current deregulated electricity markets. Finally, an application example to real residential loads is also presented.
{"title":"Application of Controller Area Networks to Direct Load Control in Residential Areas","authors":"Á. Molina-García, R. Torres, J. Muñoz, N. Encinas","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538619","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to describe and assess the application of Controller Area Networks to Direct Load Control programs, extending the CAN applications from industrial sector to residential automation. The proposed system allows the customers to monitor and control automatically their heating and cooling individual loads, maintaining minimum comfort levels and offering a flexible, low-cost and friendly tool-through a graphical user interface environment-in order to active the demand-side participation in the current deregulated electricity markets. Finally, an application example to real residential loads is also presented.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129610749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538494
Xiao-Ping Zhang, B. Chong, Keith R. Godfrey, Liangzhong Yao, M. Bazargan, L. Schmitt
Due to the increased number of electricity market transactions and the high penetration of renewable power particularly wind power with intermittence nature on transmission networks, effective means for congestion management of transmission networks has become an increasingly important issue, particularly for transmission system operators (TSOs). Installations of FACTS controllers on transmission networks have been recognized as one of the cost-effective solutions for network congestion management. In this paper, a general two-step optimization methodology is first presented, which is capable of determining the optimal rating of a FACTS controller while relieving transmission system congestion via effective control of the flow of active and reactive power. Then a general sensitivity based three-step optimization methodology is further developed to include sensitivity analysis, which is capable of determining both the optimal location and rating of a FACTS controller effectively, for the congestion management of transmission networks under a bilateral electricity market environment. The proposed methods are illustrated with a 4-bus system and a modified IEEE 30-bus system.
{"title":"Management of Congestion Costs Utilizing FACTS Controllers in a Bilateral Electricity Market Environment","authors":"Xiao-Ping Zhang, B. Chong, Keith R. Godfrey, Liangzhong Yao, M. Bazargan, L. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538494","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increased number of electricity market transactions and the high penetration of renewable power particularly wind power with intermittence nature on transmission networks, effective means for congestion management of transmission networks has become an increasingly important issue, particularly for transmission system operators (TSOs). Installations of FACTS controllers on transmission networks have been recognized as one of the cost-effective solutions for network congestion management. In this paper, a general two-step optimization methodology is first presented, which is capable of determining the optimal rating of a FACTS controller while relieving transmission system congestion via effective control of the flow of active and reactive power. Then a general sensitivity based three-step optimization methodology is further developed to include sensitivity analysis, which is capable of determining both the optimal location and rating of a FACTS controller effectively, for the congestion management of transmission networks under a bilateral electricity market environment. The proposed methods are illustrated with a 4-bus system and a modified IEEE 30-bus system.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127061843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538512
M. J. Rider, Ariovaldo V. Garcia, R. Romero
This paper presents an algorithm to solve the network transmission system expansion planning problem using the DC model which is a mixed non-linear integer programming problem. The major feature of this work is the use of a Branch- and-Bound (B&B) algorithm to directly solve mixed non-linear integer problems. An efficient interior point method is used to solve the non-linear programming problem at each node of the B&B tree. Tests with several known systems are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Branch and Bound Algorithm for Transmission Network Expansion Planning Using DC Model","authors":"M. J. Rider, Ariovaldo V. Garcia, R. Romero","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538512","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm to solve the network transmission system expansion planning problem using the DC model which is a mixed non-linear integer programming problem. The major feature of this work is the use of a Branch- and-Bound (B&B) algorithm to directly solve mixed non-linear integer problems. An efficient interior point method is used to solve the non-linear programming problem at each node of the B&B tree. Tests with several known systems are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130072982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538565
R. Nuqui, A. Phadke
We propose a model for enhancing power system state estimation (SE) with synchronized phasor measurements based on a two-pass approach. The first pass consists of executing the traditional state estimation problem without the phasor measurements. The second pass appends the state vector solution with the vector of phasor measurements and solves a linear state estimation problem in rectangular variables. Our model is non-invasive in the sense that phasor measurements are not directly integrated with traditional state estimation inputs of real, reactive power and voltage magnitudes. Numerical experimentations on the New England 39 bus test system for varying number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) were conducted. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method of phasor integration in improving the quality of the state estimator solution.
{"title":"Hybrid Linear State Estimation Utilizing Synchronized Phasor Measurements","authors":"R. Nuqui, A. Phadke","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538565","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a model for enhancing power system state estimation (SE) with synchronized phasor measurements based on a two-pass approach. The first pass consists of executing the traditional state estimation problem without the phasor measurements. The second pass appends the state vector solution with the vector of phasor measurements and solves a linear state estimation problem in rectangular variables. Our model is non-invasive in the sense that phasor measurements are not directly integrated with traditional state estimation inputs of real, reactive power and voltage magnitudes. Numerical experimentations on the New England 39 bus test system for varying number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) were conducted. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed method of phasor integration in improving the quality of the state estimator solution.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538562
T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G. Sitar
This paper presents functionality of developed wide area monitoring system (WAMS) and its implementation in Slovenian transmission system. The system enables real-time exchange of selected phasors between transmission system operators. Additionally, recordings captured on November 4th 2006, when the UCTE interconnected grid split into three areas are presented and discussed. At the end some indications of possible future development of wide area protection and control system are given.
{"title":"Wide Area Measurement System in Action","authors":"T. Babnik, U. Gabrijel, B. Mahkovec, M. Perko, G. Sitar","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538562","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents functionality of developed wide area monitoring system (WAMS) and its implementation in Slovenian transmission system. The system enables real-time exchange of selected phasors between transmission system operators. Additionally, recordings captured on November 4th 2006, when the UCTE interconnected grid split into three areas are presented and discussed. At the end some indications of possible future development of wide area protection and control system are given.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131047366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538596
S. Thorncraft, H. Outhred, D. Clements
This paper explores the implications of a decisionmaking framework that adopts energy as the commodity on which commercial transactions are based and which solves the commercial and technical operation of the industry as separate processes that are formally linked through a bidirectional interface. Under these assumptions technical decision-makers gain some flexibility in terms of implementing the commercial transactions which in turn assists in overcoming different types of disturbances. The technical operation of the power system is accomplished through the use of model predictive control which has the benefit of continuously transitioning the system toward a future state that is consistent with both the agreed commercial solution as well as taking into account known technical issues that arise on short time-horizons. The method is illustrated for several examples.
{"title":"Coordinating Commercial and Technical Decision-Making within a Restructured Electricity Industry","authors":"S. Thorncraft, H. Outhred, D. Clements","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538596","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the implications of a decisionmaking framework that adopts energy as the commodity on which commercial transactions are based and which solves the commercial and technical operation of the industry as separate processes that are formally linked through a bidirectional interface. Under these assumptions technical decision-makers gain some flexibility in terms of implementing the commercial transactions which in turn assists in overcoming different types of disturbances. The technical operation of the power system is accomplished through the use of model predictive control which has the benefit of continuously transitioning the system toward a future state that is consistent with both the agreed commercial solution as well as taking into account known technical issues that arise on short time-horizons. The method is illustrated for several examples.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538407
A. Deese, C. Nwankpa
This paper further analyzes the operation of a reconfigurable analog circuit designed to mimic the dynamic behavior of power system loads. The authors focus on the non-linear behavior of the circuit and its effect on its stability. This work is important to understanding the operation of the circuit under stressed conditions such as those that occurs during transient periods.
{"title":"Circuit Theoretical Analysis of Reconfigurable Analog Load Emulation Circuit","authors":"A. Deese, C. Nwankpa","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper further analyzes the operation of a reconfigurable analog circuit designed to mimic the dynamic behavior of power system loads. The authors focus on the non-linear behavior of the circuit and its effect on its stability. This work is important to understanding the operation of the circuit under stressed conditions such as those that occurs during transient periods.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133009046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538327
L. Wehenkel, M. Glavic, D. Ernst
In this paper we propose a collaborative framework to carry out multi-area dynamic security assessment over an interconnection operated by a team of TSOs responsible of different areas. In this framework each TSO does his part of the work and, thanks to information exchange and coordination rules, potential security problems can be detected by all the involved TSOs. We find that distributed multi-area security assessment is achievable and useful if, on the one hand, each TSO can provide an appropriate dynamic equivalent model of his area and if, on the other hand, he is able to publish stability bounds on his inflows under which the dynamic performance of his system would remain acceptable. We then discuss the notions of dynamic equivalent model and external stability domain characterization of an area and identify techniques for deriving such equivalents and stability bounds within the proposed framework.
{"title":"A collaborative framework for multi-area dynamic security assessment of large scale systems","authors":"L. Wehenkel, M. Glavic, D. Ernst","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538327","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a collaborative framework to carry out multi-area dynamic security assessment over an interconnection operated by a team of TSOs responsible of different areas. In this framework each TSO does his part of the work and, thanks to information exchange and coordination rules, potential security problems can be detected by all the involved TSOs. We find that distributed multi-area security assessment is achievable and useful if, on the one hand, each TSO can provide an appropriate dynamic equivalent model of his area and if, on the other hand, he is able to publish stability bounds on his inflows under which the dynamic performance of his system would remain acceptable. We then discuss the notions of dynamic equivalent model and external stability domain characterization of an area and identify techniques for deriving such equivalents and stability bounds within the proposed framework.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130845314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538659
M. Scutariu
The analysis techniques for assessing the suitability of various layouts for wind farm electrical systems have received a good deal of attention recently. They are becoming increasingly more adapted to various stages of the development. This paper aims to present a techno-economical optioneering technique suitable for application at early stages of the project development for offshore wind farms and to discuss implementation specific issues. The technique, based on calculating traditional initial capital costs equivalents of losses caused by a particular selection of the design, is open for extension when lifecycle costs are combined with estimates of the installed costs. The work discusses aspects of this combination and comments results obtained when it is applied on transmission to onshore sub-systems of the offshore wind farms electrical systems.
{"title":"Techno-Economical Optioneering of Offshore Wind Farms Electrical Systems","authors":"M. Scutariu","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538659","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis techniques for assessing the suitability of various layouts for wind farm electrical systems have received a good deal of attention recently. They are becoming increasingly more adapted to various stages of the development. This paper aims to present a techno-economical optioneering technique suitable for application at early stages of the project development for offshore wind farms and to discuss implementation specific issues. The technique, based on calculating traditional initial capital costs equivalents of losses caused by a particular selection of the design, is open for extension when lifecycle costs are combined with estimates of the installed costs. The work discusses aspects of this combination and comments results obtained when it is applied on transmission to onshore sub-systems of the offshore wind farms electrical systems.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"1993 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125536468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-01DOI: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538629
A. Ishchenko, J. Myrzik, W. Kling
Nowadays the number of dispersed generators (DG) is growing rapidly. This change will greatly influence the power system dynamics. A distribution network, where DG are connected to the grid, cannot be considered as passive anymore. So in future it will not be possible to use simple equivalents of distribution networks for power system dynamic modeling as it was done before. In dynamic studies the whole power system cannot be represented in a detailed manner because of huge system dimension. Therefore special techniques have to be applied for aggregation and order-reduction of distribution networks with DG. In this paper brief review of existing techniques has been given, and after that dynamic reduction using Krylov methods is performed for a distribution network consisting of DG of different types.
{"title":"Dynamic Equivalencing of Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation Using Krylov Methods","authors":"A. Ishchenko, J. Myrzik, W. Kling","doi":"10.1109/PCT.2007.4538629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538629","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the number of dispersed generators (DG) is growing rapidly. This change will greatly influence the power system dynamics. A distribution network, where DG are connected to the grid, cannot be considered as passive anymore. So in future it will not be possible to use simple equivalents of distribution networks for power system dynamic modeling as it was done before. In dynamic studies the whole power system cannot be represented in a detailed manner because of huge system dimension. Therefore special techniques have to be applied for aggregation and order-reduction of distribution networks with DG. In this paper brief review of existing techniques has been given, and after that dynamic reduction using Krylov methods is performed for a distribution network consisting of DG of different types.","PeriodicalId":356805,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126833602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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