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2010 13th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools最新文献

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An Improved Hardware Implementation of the Grain Stream Cipher 一种改进的颗粒流密码的硬件实现
S. Mansouri, E. Dubrova
A common approach to protect confidential information is to use a stream cipher which combines plain text bits with apseudo-random bit sequence. Among the existing stream ciphers, Non-Linear Feedback Shift Register (NLFSR)-based ones provide the best trade-off between cryptographic security and hardware efficiency. In this paper, we show how to further improve the hardware efficiency of the Grain stream cipher. By transforming the NLFSR of Grain from its original Fibonacci configuration to the Galois configuration and by introducing new hardware solutions, we double the throughput of the 80 and 128-bit key 1 bit/cycle architectures of Grain with no area and power penalty.
保护机密信息的一种常用方法是使用将纯文本位与伪随机位序列相结合的流密码。在现有的流密码中,基于非线性反馈移位寄存器(NLFSR)的流密码在加密安全性和硬件效率之间提供了最好的平衡。在本文中,我们展示了如何进一步提高谷物流密码的硬件效率。通过将Grain的NLFSR从最初的Fibonacci配置转换为伽罗瓦配置,并引入新的硬件解决方案,我们将80位和128位密钥1位/周期架构的吞吐量提高了一倍,而且没有面积和功耗损失。
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引用次数: 22
A Load-Forwarding Mechanism for the Vector Architecture in Multimedia Applications 多媒体应用中矢量架构的负载转发机制
Ye Gao, Ryusuke Egawa, H. Takizawa, Hiroaki Kobayashi
Nowadays, multimedia applications (MMAs) form an important workload for general purpose processors. Although the vector architecture is considered the most potential candidate for media processing, the traditional vector architecture has inefficiencies to execute MMAs. This paper proposes a media-oriented vector architecture, which improves the traditional one with a load-forwarding mechanism. The load-forwarding mechanism overcomes the inefficiency on utilization of the memory bandwidth. As a result, the proposed architecture achieves a higher performance with lower hardware cost than the traditional one. This paper evaluates the proposed architecture with architectural design parameters and finds out the most efficient size for the vector architecture when performing MMAs.
目前,多媒体应用程序(mma)已成为通用处理器的重要工作负载。虽然矢量体系结构被认为是媒体处理最有潜力的候选者,但传统的矢量体系结构在执行mma时效率低下。本文提出了一种面向媒体的矢量体系结构,在传统的矢量体系结构基础上增加了负载转发机制。负载转发机制克服了内存带宽利用率低的缺点。结果表明,该体系结构在硬件成本较低的情况下实现了更高的性能。本文用体系结构设计参数对所提出的体系结构进行了评估,并找出了矢量体系结构在执行mma时最有效的尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
Scalable Architecture for Wavelength-Switched Optical NoC with Multicasting Capability 具有多播能力的波长交换光NoC的可扩展架构
S. Koohi, A. Shafaei, S. Hessabi
This paper proposes a novel all-optical router as a building block for a scalable wavelength-switched optical NoC. The proposed optical router, named as AOR, performs passive routing of optical data streams based on their wavelengths. Utilizing wavelength routing method, AOR eliminates the need for electrical resource reservation and the corresponding latency and area overheads. Taking advantage of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique, the proposed architecture is capable of data multicasting, concurrent with unicast data transmission, with high bandwidth and low power dissipation, without imposing noticeable area and latency overheads. Comparing AOR against previously proposed optical routers, we deduce that the proposed router architecture reduces optical insertion loss, electrical power consumption, and number of micro rings, and also improves scalability of the on-chip network.
本文提出了一种新型的全光路由器,作为可扩展波长交换光NoC的组成部分。所提出的光路由器称为AOR,它根据光数据流的波长进行无源路由。利用波长路由方法,AOR消除了电力资源预留和相应的延迟和面积开销。利用波分复用(WDM)技术,该架构能够进行数据多播,同时进行单播数据传输,具有高带宽和低功耗,不会增加明显的面积和延迟开销。将AOR与先前提出的光路由器进行比较,我们推断出所提出的路由器架构减少了光插入损耗、功耗和微环数量,并提高了片上网络的可扩展性。
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引用次数: 2
Visualization of Multi-objective Design Space Exploration for Embedded Systems 嵌入式系统多目标设计空间探索的可视化
T. Taghavi, A. Pimentel
Modern embedded systems come with contradictory design constraints. On one hand, these systems often target mass production and battery-based devices, and therefore should be cheap and power efficient. On the other hand, they need to achieve high (real-time) performance. This wide spectrum of design requirements leads to complex heterogeneous system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. The complexity of embedded systems forces designers to model and simulate systems and their components to explore the wide range of design choices. Such design space exploration is especially needed during the early design stages, where the design space is at its largest. Due to the exponential design space in real problems and multiple criteria to be considered, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are often used to trim down a large design space into a finite set of points and provide the designer a set of tradable solutions with respect to the design criteria. Interpreting the search results (e.g., where are the Pareto points located), understanding their relations and analyzing how the design space was searched by such searching algorithms is of invaluable importance to the designer. To this end, this paper presents a novel interactive visualization tool, based on tree visualization, to understand the search dynamics of a MOEA and to visualize where the optimum design points are located in the design space and what objective values they have.
现代嵌入式系统具有相互矛盾的设计约束。一方面,这些系统通常针对大规模生产和基于电池的设备,因此应该是廉价和节能的。另一方面,它们需要实现高(实时)性能。这种广泛的设计需求导致了复杂的异构片上系统(SoC)架构。嵌入式系统的复杂性迫使设计人员建模和模拟系统及其组件,以探索广泛的设计选择。这种设计空间的探索在设计的早期阶段尤其需要,因为这个阶段的设计空间是最大的。由于实际问题的设计空间呈指数增长,且需要考虑多个标准,多目标进化算法(moea)通常用于将大的设计空间缩减为有限的点集,并为设计师提供一组与设计标准相关的可交易解决方案。解释搜索结果(例如,帕累托点在哪里),理解它们之间的关系,并分析这种搜索算法如何搜索设计空间,这对设计师来说是非常重要的。为此,本文提出了一种基于树形可视化的交互式可视化工具,以了解MOEA的搜索动态,并可视化最优设计点在设计空间中的位置及其目标值。
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引用次数: 24
QoR Analysis of Automated Clock-Mesh Implementation under OCV Consideration 考虑OCV的自动时钟网格实现QoR分析
D. Bode, Mladen Berekovic, A. Borkowski, Ludger Buker
In ASICs with structure sizes of 65nm and below the requirements of precise and robust clock networks continuously increase. High-speed circuits already use full-custom clock-meshes instead of buffer trees. Recently new clock-mesh synthesis tools with more automation have become available which better suit ASIC design flows. This paper provides a QoR analysis of these meshes versus highly optimized buffer trees with respect to timing and power. Furthermore, we analyzed the sensitivity of the topologies to OCV. For this purpose we realized a monte carlo analysis in SPICE as basis for STA. A design-dependent evaluation has been performed by applying the clock networks and analysis to six different designs. Independent of OCV, the clock-mesh reduces the global skew by up to 65% at the expense of a medial increase in average power consumption by 57% when compared to the buffer tree. Focussing on a further reduction of power dissipation, possible improvements of the automated clock-mesh implementation are proposed.
在结构尺寸为65nm及以下的asic中,对精确和鲁棒性时钟网络的要求不断提高。高速电路已经使用完全定制的时钟网格而不是缓冲树。最近,新的时钟网格合成工具具有更高的自动化程度,可以更好地适应ASIC设计流程。本文提供了这些网格与高度优化的缓冲树在时间和功率方面的QoR分析。此外,我们还分析了拓扑结构对OCV的敏感性。为此,我们在SPICE中实现了蒙特卡罗分析,作为STA的基础。通过将时钟网络和分析应用于六种不同的设计,进行了与设计相关的评估。与OCV无关,时钟网格减少了高达65%的全局倾斜,但与缓冲树相比,平均功耗增加了57%。针对进一步降低功耗,提出了自动化时钟网格实现的可能改进。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-core Technology -- Next Evolution Step in Safety Critical Systems for Industrial Applications? 多核技术——工业应用安全关键系统的下一个发展步骤?
F. Reichenbach, Alexander Wold
Multi-core technology can provide valuable benefits for improving safety critical embedded systems. Examples range from multiple core architectures, introducing system redundancy, asymmetric multiprocessing allowing high software diversity, to hyper visors reducing system complexity. Can these benefits be taken for granted without considering the drawbacks and effects that come with them? The move to multi-core based architectures is already underway. Sooner, rather than later, we are forced to discover and resolve its issues for safety related applications. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the value of multi-core for safety critical systems on a broader level.
多核技术可以为提高嵌入式系统的安全性提供宝贵的好处。例子包括引入系统冗余的多核架构、允许高软件多样性的非对称多处理,以及降低系统复杂性的超级监控程序。这些好处能被认为是理所当然的,而不考虑随之而来的缺点和影响吗?向基于多核架构的迁移已经在进行中。迟早,我们会被迫发现并解决与安全相关的应用问题。本文试图在更广泛的层面上评价多核对安全关键系统的价值。
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引用次数: 21
A Programming Model and a NoC-Based Architecture for Streaming Applications 流媒体应用的编程模型和基于noc的体系结构
Yun Wu, D. Houzet, Sylvain Huet
The ever increasing density of integration makes the NoC a relevant communication design paradigm even for FPGAs. But NoC are always designed without considerations of applications and programming models, like busses and crossbars. Dealing with parallelism is still challenging. One way is to take into account the parallel programming model and application field in the design of the NoC, to reduce the semantic gap between application and implementation. In this paper we present a NoC and a design flow which target the implementation of streaming applications, e.g. image and video processing. The NoC topology is described as a matrix of routers (maybe a sparse matrix) mapped on a matrix of FPGAs for prototyping, which brings up a hierarchical dimension. Besides, the NoC has been developed in conjunction with a streaming programming model expressed with a subset of System C language. This allows optimizing the NoC by implementing the communication and synchronization primitives’mechanisms of the programming model directly in hardware: the size of such a router connected to 4 processing elements is about 2000 CLB from Xilinx FPGA, which is comparable with the size of a single processor. The design flow automates the implementation of an application expressed with a System C subset to a NoC based architecture.
不断增加的集成密度使NoC甚至成为fpga的相关通信设计范例。但是NoC的设计总是不考虑应用程序和编程模型,比如总线和交叉栏。处理并行性仍然是一个挑战。一种方法是在NoC的设计中考虑并行编程模型和应用领域,以减少应用和实现之间的语义差距。在本文中,我们提出了一个NoC和一个设计流程,目标是实现流应用,如图像和视频处理。NoC拓扑被描述为路由器矩阵(可能是稀疏矩阵)映射到用于原型设计的fpga矩阵上,这带来了一个层次维度。此外,NoC还与一个用System C语言子集表示的流编程模型相结合。这允许通过直接在硬件中实现编程模型的通信和同步原语机制来优化NoC:这样一个连接到4个处理元素的路由器的大小大约是来自Xilinx FPGA的2000 CLB,这与单个处理器的大小相当。设计流将应用程序的实现自动化,该应用程序使用System C子集表示为基于NoC的体系结构。
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引用次数: 8
Gracefully Degrading Circuit Controllers Based on Polytronics 基于多电子技术的优雅降级电路控制器
R. Ruzicka
This paper proposes utilisation of polymorphic electronics to design digital circuit controllers that gracefully degrades when some inconvenient situation arise, e.g. when battery goes low or a chip temperature cross some safe level. In proposed approach, the next state logic of the controller is designed using polymorphic gates. Polymorphic gates exhibit two or more logic functions in according to a specific condition (e.g. Vdd level or special signals). This allows to make a smart reconfiguration of the circuit. An algorithm for designing gracefully degrading circuit controllers using polymorphic gates is proposed in the paper. Purpose of the algorithm is demonstrated on an example of a controller. This controller was physically realised and its functionality (especially in transient state) was verified.
本文提出利用多态电子学来设计数字电路控制器,当出现一些不方便的情况时,例如当电池电量不足或芯片温度超过安全水平时,数字电路控制器可以优雅地降级。在该方法中,控制器的下一状态逻辑采用多态门设计。多态门根据特定条件(如Vdd电平或特殊信号)表现出两个或两个以上的逻辑功能。这允许对电路进行智能重新配置。提出了一种利用多态门设计优雅退化电路控制器的算法。最后以控制器为例说明了该算法的目的。该控制器的物理实现和其功能(特别是在瞬态)进行了验证。
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引用次数: 11
Unified Digit Serial Systolic Montgomery Multiplication Architecture for Special Classes of Polynomials over GF(2m) GF(2m)上特殊多项式类的统一数字序列收缩Montgomery乘法体系
S. Talapatra, H. Rahaman, Samir K. Saha
This paper presents an unified digit-serial systolic multiplication architecture for all-one polynomials (AOP) and trinomial over GF (2m) for efficient implementation of Montgomery Multiplication (MM) algorithm suitable for cryptosystem. This is the first reported unified digit serial systolic digit level pipelined MM architecture for AOP and trinomials over GF (2). Analysis shows that the latency and circuit complexity of the proposed architecture are significantly less compared to earlier design for same class of polynomials. The proposed multiplier has clock cycle latency of (2N) where N=ém/Lù, m is the word size and L is the digit size.
为了有效地实现适用于密码系统的Montgomery乘法算法,提出了一种适用于GF (2m)上的全一多项式(AOP)和三项式的统一数字序列收缩乘法体系结构。这是在GF(2)上首次报道的用于AOP和三项式的统一数字串行收缩数字级流水线MM体系结构。分析表明,所提出的体系结构的延迟和电路复杂性与早期设计的同类多项式相比显着降低。所提出的乘法器的时钟周期延迟为(2N),其中N= /Lù, m是单词大小,L是数字大小。
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引用次数: 22
Evaluating a Transmission Power Self-Optimization Technique for WSN in EMI Environments 电磁干扰环境下WSN传输功率自优化技术评估
F. Lavratti, A. R. Pinto, L. Bolzani, Fabian Vargas, C. Montez, F. Hernandez, E. Gatti, C. Silva
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be used to monitor hazardous and inaccessible areas. The WSN is composed of several nodes each provided with its separated power supply, e.g. battery. Working in hardly accessible places it is preferable to assure the adoption of the minimum transmission power in order to prolong as much as possible the WSN’’s lifetime. Though, we have to keep in mind that the reliability of the data transmitted represents a crucial requirement. Therefore, power optimization and reliability have become the most important concerns when dealing with modern systems based on WSN. In this context, we propose to evaluate the effectiveness of a Transmission Power Self-Optimization (TPSO) technique for WSNs in an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Environment. The TPSO technique consists of an algorithm able to guarantee an equally high Quality of Service (QoS), concentrating on the WSN’’s Efficiency (Ef), while optimizing the transmission power necessary for data communication. Thus, the main idea behind our approach is to reach a trade-off between Ef and energy consumption in an environment with inherent noise.
无线传感器网络(WSNs)可用于监测危险和难以进入的区域。无线传感器网络由多个节点组成,每个节点都提供独立的电源,例如电池。在难以接近的环境中,为了尽可能延长无线传感器网络的使用寿命,最好保证采用最小的传输功率。但是,我们必须记住,传输数据的可靠性是一个至关重要的要求。因此,在处理基于无线传感器网络的现代系统时,功率优化和可靠性已成为最重要的问题。在此背景下,我们提出评估在电磁干扰(EMI)环境下无线传感器网络的传输功率自优化(TPSO)技术的有效性。TPSO技术包括一种能够保证同样高的服务质量(QoS)的算法,专注于WSN的效率(Ef),同时优化数据通信所需的传输功率。因此,我们的方法背后的主要思想是在具有固有噪声的环境中达到Ef和能源消耗之间的权衡。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2010 13th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools
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