Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2163132
Daniella Steel
ABSTRACT Numerous modern dynamic bracing systems are now available throughout the arboricultural industry. These replace the practice of invasive rigid bracing, often shown to weaken structural security through the causation of decay. Furthermore, in historic cases where extensive internal decay develops, the edaphoecotropic occlusion of the bracing system with newer wood provides additional strength to the resulting system. Additionally, it can be shown that wound wood (ww) resulting from cambial damage is stronger and faster growing than average annual growth. This paper explores the concept of inducing ww with the aim of utilising a wood’s haptotropic nature to occlude objects. The findings identified that small longitudinal fenestration wounds >15 mm in width can be occluded within a year with low chance of further dysfunction or decay. The concept was tested by successfully inserting plastic “I” beams [lengths of plastic with a cross section of an “I”, used frequently for hobbyist construction and in this case as they had a winged base and were of the size required] into 1 mm width cambial wounds on a Norway maple (Acer platanoidies), demonstrating that it is possible to utilise induced ww to capture an object without causing lasting damage to the tree.
{"title":"Can wound wood’s haptotropic nature be artificially manipulated to utilise edaphoecotropism?","authors":"Daniella Steel","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2163132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2163132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Numerous modern dynamic bracing systems are now available throughout the arboricultural industry. These replace the practice of invasive rigid bracing, often shown to weaken structural security through the causation of decay. Furthermore, in historic cases where extensive internal decay develops, the edaphoecotropic occlusion of the bracing system with newer wood provides additional strength to the resulting system. Additionally, it can be shown that wound wood (ww) resulting from cambial damage is stronger and faster growing than average annual growth. This paper explores the concept of inducing ww with the aim of utilising a wood’s haptotropic nature to occlude objects. The findings identified that small longitudinal fenestration wounds >15 mm in width can be occluded within a year with low chance of further dysfunction or decay. The concept was tested by successfully inserting plastic “I” beams [lengths of plastic with a cross section of an “I”, used frequently for hobbyist construction and in this case as they had a winged base and were of the size required] into 1 mm width cambial wounds on a Norway maple (Acer platanoidies), demonstrating that it is possible to utilise induced ww to capture an object without causing lasting damage to the tree.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"72 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2129721
J. G. Bernárdez Villegas, A. Rigueiro Rodríguez, Ignacio Silva de la Iglesia
ABSTRACT The unique climatic conditions of Galicia (in North-Western Spain), between the Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean floristic worlds, allow for the establishment of plant species from almost all the climatic regions of the world. Even though there is no native species of the Araucariaceae family in Galicia, hundreds of specimens are cultivated and as explained later, we can find some outstanding specimens of this family. The trees of the Araucariaceae family included in this work represent a very interesting sample of outstanding specimens of this family in Galicia.
{"title":"Plant monuments of the Araucariaceae family in Galicia (Northwest Spain)","authors":"J. G. Bernárdez Villegas, A. Rigueiro Rodríguez, Ignacio Silva de la Iglesia","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2129721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2129721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The unique climatic conditions of Galicia (in North-Western Spain), between the Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean floristic worlds, allow for the establishment of plant species from almost all the climatic regions of the world. Even though there is no native species of the Araucariaceae family in Galicia, hundreds of specimens are cultivated and as explained later, we can find some outstanding specimens of this family. The trees of the Araucariaceae family included in this work represent a very interesting sample of outstanding specimens of this family in Galicia.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"212 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86902530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2143975
C. Price
Dear Sir, Corrigendum In my paper Further Considerations Concerning CAVAT for the journal, volume 43(4), pp.215-234, a transcription error had occurred in compiling table 6 (the wrong cell was copied from a spreadsheet). In the second row of the table body, the final figure in the rightmost column should have been 875.0, not 803.5. The column total in the published table is correct, as are figures and conclusions which depend on it. Yours faithfully, Colin Price Free-lance Academic Services, Bangor, UK
{"title":"Letter","authors":"C. Price","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2143975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2143975","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Sir, Corrigendum In my paper Further Considerations Concerning CAVAT for the journal, volume 43(4), pp.215-234, a transcription error had occurred in compiling table 6 (the wrong cell was copied from a spreadsheet). In the second row of the table body, the final figure in the rightmost column should have been 875.0, not 803.5. The column total in the published table is correct, as are figures and conclusions which depend on it. Yours faithfully, Colin Price Free-lance Academic Services, Bangor, UK","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"84 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72718298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2082177
Christopher A. Copeland, Richard W. Harper, N. Brazee, Forrest J. Bowlick
ABSTRACT American elm (Ulmus americana) is an important cultural and historic symbol of the North American landscape. Its graceful form and resilience to harsh growing conditions made it ideal for widespread planting as an urban tree. However, with the initial introduction of Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) to the United States in the late 1920ʹs, and the later appearance of the more virulent O. novo-ulmi, American elm populations commenced a sudden and precipitous decline due to mortality associated with Ophiostoma spp. The absence of this tree created a gap in riparian areas of native forests and resulted in a substantial reduction in urban tree canopy cover throughout communities of the United States and Canada. Here we highlight the prevalence of the American elm in the U.S., and the affiliated impacts of Dutch elm disease (DED). We also discuss important factors including mode of DED introduction and transmission, and challenges associated with DED management in the urban environment. Results from ongoing evaluation of putatively resistant American elms are detailed.
{"title":"A review of Dutch elm disease and new prospects for Ulmus americana in the urban environment","authors":"Christopher A. Copeland, Richard W. Harper, N. Brazee, Forrest J. Bowlick","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2082177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2082177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT American elm (Ulmus americana) is an important cultural and historic symbol of the North American landscape. Its graceful form and resilience to harsh growing conditions made it ideal for widespread planting as an urban tree. However, with the initial introduction of Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) to the United States in the late 1920ʹs, and the later appearance of the more virulent O. novo-ulmi, American elm populations commenced a sudden and precipitous decline due to mortality associated with Ophiostoma spp. The absence of this tree created a gap in riparian areas of native forests and resulted in a substantial reduction in urban tree canopy cover throughout communities of the United States and Canada. Here we highlight the prevalence of the American elm in the U.S., and the affiliated impacts of Dutch elm disease (DED). We also discuss important factors including mode of DED introduction and transmission, and challenges associated with DED management in the urban environment. Results from ongoing evaluation of putatively resistant American elms are detailed.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"3 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79354660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2129208
Liam B. Sainsbury, D. Slater
ABSTRACT The increase in paved areas in residential front gardens is of growing concern. Despite the importance of UK front gardens as green spaces, the topic of changes to front gardens has not been much studied. We case studied the front gardens of two housing estates in Liverpool, England with different social economic statuses, examining changes in terms of paved space, greenspace, and tree canopy cover over a six-year period between 2012–2018. Tree condition and the extent of tree work carried out were also recorded for analysis. There was a trend for increased paved space in the front gardens of the more affluent Aintree Village, with front garden greenspace decreasing by 3.9% in the six-year study period. The less affluent Netherton Park experienced a smaller decline in greenspace of 1.2% over the same period. The housing estates were also found to have contrasting tree canopy cover and tree management. In Aintree Village 71% of front garden trees received tree work and the mean tree canopy cover decreased from 4% to 2.4%. In contrast, Netherton Park saw only 8.3% of trees receiving tree work over the same period. In Aintree Village 41.7% of front garden trees present in 2012 were removed by 2018, with 12.9% of the removals associated with increased paved areas in front gardens. Understanding the socioeconomic pressures that influence changes in residential front gardens is important in addressing this damaging trend and can inform planning policy and the design of new residential areas.
{"title":"Changes in paved space, green infrastructure and tree canopy cover in front gardens: a case study of two contrasting housing estates in Liverpool, England","authors":"Liam B. Sainsbury, D. Slater","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2129208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2129208","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increase in paved areas in residential front gardens is of growing concern. Despite the importance of UK front gardens as green spaces, the topic of changes to front gardens has not been much studied. We case studied the front gardens of two housing estates in Liverpool, England with different social economic statuses, examining changes in terms of paved space, greenspace, and tree canopy cover over a six-year period between 2012–2018. Tree condition and the extent of tree work carried out were also recorded for analysis. There was a trend for increased paved space in the front gardens of the more affluent Aintree Village, with front garden greenspace decreasing by 3.9% in the six-year study period. The less affluent Netherton Park experienced a smaller decline in greenspace of 1.2% over the same period. The housing estates were also found to have contrasting tree canopy cover and tree management. In Aintree Village 71% of front garden trees received tree work and the mean tree canopy cover decreased from 4% to 2.4%. In contrast, Netherton Park saw only 8.3% of trees receiving tree work over the same period. In Aintree Village 41.7% of front garden trees present in 2012 were removed by 2018, with 12.9% of the removals associated with increased paved areas in front gardens. Understanding the socioeconomic pressures that influence changes in residential front gardens is important in addressing this damaging trend and can inform planning policy and the design of new residential areas.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"152 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85596867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2129195
Jones Abrefa Danquah
ABSTRACT For effective deployment of trees as green infrastructure in major cities, it is imperative to understand landlords’ perceptions of trees in built-up ecosystems. Six hundred landlords were systematically sampled from three major cities in Ghana. A questionnaire was used to elicit information about landlords’ perceptions of trees in built-up urban areas. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha, and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance. The results indicated that the most important ecosystem services perceived with the highest positive relevance to the landlords are the provision of edible fruits and nuts, improved health conditions, shade, oxygen production, and wind protection by trees in urban areas. Whilst perceived negative functions of trees include structural damage of roots to buildings and pavements, and hosts to insects and pests. The production of leaf litter and slippery fruits are considered to be a nuisance by the landlords.
{"title":"Perceptions of landlords to trees in built-up urban areas in Ghana","authors":"Jones Abrefa Danquah","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2129195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2129195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For effective deployment of trees as green infrastructure in major cities, it is imperative to understand landlords’ perceptions of trees in built-up ecosystems. Six hundred landlords were systematically sampled from three major cities in Ghana. A questionnaire was used to elicit information about landlords’ perceptions of trees in built-up urban areas. The data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach Alpha, and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance. The results indicated that the most important ecosystem services perceived with the highest positive relevance to the landlords are the provision of edible fruits and nuts, improved health conditions, shade, oxygen production, and wind protection by trees in urban areas. Whilst perceived negative functions of trees include structural damage of roots to buildings and pavements, and hosts to insects and pests. The production of leaf litter and slippery fruits are considered to be a nuisance by the landlords.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"233 1","pages":"238 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76223313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2129202
Alexander J. Elton, Richard W. Harper, E. Griffith, B. Weil
ABSTRACT Urban forestry NGOs commenced gaining prominence in the socio-political landscape of the 20th century. Despite a dramatic increase in the number of urban forestry NGOs (50%) in recent decades, they are rarely described in the scientific literature, and they have not been investigated in any formal, systematic manner. Little is known about the origins of many of these organisations or how many formal urban forestry NGOs are presently active across the United States. Knowledge gaps persist pertaining to organisational structure, programming, and funding. To address these gaps in knowledge, this article presents findings from a survey of 81 urban forestry NGOs in the temperate forest region of the United States. We report on typical traits of urban forestry NGOs across five themes that include “origin”, “organisational structure”, “funding”, “partnerships”, and “programming”. Nearly 80% of respondents indicated that their urban forestry NGO has helped develop, shape, or implement policy in their community (e.g. tree policies & ordinances, urban forest master plans). An overwhelming majority of NGOs (90% and 83%, respectively) indicated that both private citizens and local departments were important collaborators. A vast majority of respondents (86%) indicated that their NGO routinely engages in planting trees and over 70% of urban forestry NGOs routinely participate in public events including Arbor Day celebrations and local tree giveaways. There is widespread variation regarding the size, composition, and even function of urban forestry NGOs.
{"title":"Exploring urban forestry non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the eastern United States","authors":"Alexander J. Elton, Richard W. Harper, E. Griffith, B. Weil","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2129202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2129202","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban forestry NGOs commenced gaining prominence in the socio-political landscape of the 20th century. Despite a dramatic increase in the number of urban forestry NGOs (50%) in recent decades, they are rarely described in the scientific literature, and they have not been investigated in any formal, systematic manner. Little is known about the origins of many of these organisations or how many formal urban forestry NGOs are presently active across the United States. Knowledge gaps persist pertaining to organisational structure, programming, and funding. To address these gaps in knowledge, this article presents findings from a survey of 81 urban forestry NGOs in the temperate forest region of the United States. We report on typical traits of urban forestry NGOs across five themes that include “origin”, “organisational structure”, “funding”, “partnerships”, and “programming”. Nearly 80% of respondents indicated that their urban forestry NGO has helped develop, shape, or implement policy in their community (e.g. tree policies & ordinances, urban forest master plans). An overwhelming majority of NGOs (90% and 83%, respectively) indicated that both private citizens and local departments were important collaborators. A vast majority of respondents (86%) indicated that their NGO routinely engages in planting trees and over 70% of urban forestry NGOs routinely participate in public events including Arbor Day celebrations and local tree giveaways. There is widespread variation regarding the size, composition, and even function of urban forestry NGOs.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"45 6 1","pages":"179 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77201072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2129216
Tat Yin Tong, D. Slater
ABSTRACT Cavity filling has been frequently applied by arborists to urban trees over many decades. Polyurethane rigid foam was introduced to the arboricultural industry as a filling material to substitute for the concrete popularly used until the 1970s. However, cavity filling causes difficulties for tree inspectors in assessing and diagnosing internal tree defects using standard decay detection techniques. This study assessed the performance of two advanced wood decay detection techniques, sonic tomography, and resistance micro-drilling, by carrying out trials in detecting internal tree defects before and after they were filled with polyurethane foam. Ten hollow cross-sections cut from 10 separate trees were used in this study. Test results from resistance micro-drilling showed its performance was not significantly affected by the foam filling. In contrast, the sonic tomography exhibited a significantly weakened performance, consistently underestimating the extent of decay present in the cross-sections in the presence of the polyurethane foam filling, with acoustic wave travelling times reduced by 11% to 55% due to the treatment. We conclude that for foam-filled cavities, sonic tomography supplies a less reliable assessment of the internal decay present and that current best practice would be to rely on the accuracy of micro-drilling results instead.
{"title":"Filling tree cavities with polyurethane foam adversely affects the accuracy of sonic tomography","authors":"Tat Yin Tong, D. Slater","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2129216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2129216","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cavity filling has been frequently applied by arborists to urban trees over many decades. Polyurethane rigid foam was introduced to the arboricultural industry as a filling material to substitute for the concrete popularly used until the 1970s. However, cavity filling causes difficulties for tree inspectors in assessing and diagnosing internal tree defects using standard decay detection techniques. This study assessed the performance of two advanced wood decay detection techniques, sonic tomography, and resistance micro-drilling, by carrying out trials in detecting internal tree defects before and after they were filled with polyurethane foam. Ten hollow cross-sections cut from 10 separate trees were used in this study. Test results from resistance micro-drilling showed its performance was not significantly affected by the foam filling. In contrast, the sonic tomography exhibited a significantly weakened performance, consistently underestimating the extent of decay present in the cross-sections in the presence of the polyurethane foam filling, with acoustic wave travelling times reduced by 11% to 55% due to the treatment. We conclude that for foam-filled cavities, sonic tomography supplies a less reliable assessment of the internal decay present and that current best practice would be to rely on the accuracy of micro-drilling results instead.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"30 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80204997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2140546
I. Rotherham
The manual coppicing of trees has been a traditional form of woodland management in many places around the world and often practised for centuries. However, when landscapes are urbanised, such traditions are generally allowed to lapse, and woods are abandoned or else converted into various forms of forestry. The potential for urban coppicing has rarely been examined in detail beyond the reinstatement of limited areas of conservation coppicing. Indeed, the challenges for such management are significant and range from access to appropriate sites to the most basic issue of woodworkers making a liveable wage. In this context, the study by Coxhead and Slater (2022) into the potential for urban coppicing in Britain is most welcome. Indeed, Europe-wide reintroduction of active “coppice” management to ancient woodlands is largely reliant on the use of heavy machinery and not on craft workers. Such operations, hugely damaging to both biodiversity and woodland heritage, are erroneously badged as “sustainable”. To address such issues and indeed to promote management of trees and woods which is genuinely sustainable requires effective strategic thinking and the necessary resources. Observations and studies suggest that the prerequisites may be significantly lacking. Hand, Rix, Stokes, and Doick (2022) examined issues of woodland strategies and policies through an in-depth study of local authorities in England. In a wide-ranging review, they found a mix of forward-thinking strategic documents and ones dealing primarily with policy and implementation but without longer-term visions. However, what they also highlight is that many if not most local authorities are seriously under-resourced. With current political and economic climates, it is unlikely that this situation will improve, at least in the short term. I suggest, therefore, that these findings along with wider observations indicate a serious disconnect between central government and departmental statements and policies on trees, woodlands, urban environments, climate issues, and community-led actions to address these, and the reality on the ground. Local government services are at the heart of addressing matters such as climate change, climate resilience, and flood alleviation, but they lack the critical resources to bring about much-needed change. The third paper of this issue is by Khalilnezhad, Russo, and Jannatif (2022), and this raises a further matter of interest in urban zones of the origins and functions (now and historically) of botanical gardens and similar landscapes. Changing functions from food supply for edible purposes to ornamental gardens for leisure and pleasure triggers both challenges and opportunities for the present and the future. This is a theme which might be re-visited by future papers in the journal. Arboricultural Journal 2022, VOL. 44, NO. 4, 181–182 https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2140546
{"title":"Strategies, policies, and heritage in the urban forest","authors":"I. Rotherham","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2022.2140546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2140546","url":null,"abstract":"The manual coppicing of trees has been a traditional form of woodland management in many places around the world and often practised for centuries. However, when landscapes are urbanised, such traditions are generally allowed to lapse, and woods are abandoned or else converted into various forms of forestry. The potential for urban coppicing has rarely been examined in detail beyond the reinstatement of limited areas of conservation coppicing. Indeed, the challenges for such management are significant and range from access to appropriate sites to the most basic issue of woodworkers making a liveable wage. In this context, the study by Coxhead and Slater (2022) into the potential for urban coppicing in Britain is most welcome. Indeed, Europe-wide reintroduction of active “coppice” management to ancient woodlands is largely reliant on the use of heavy machinery and not on craft workers. Such operations, hugely damaging to both biodiversity and woodland heritage, are erroneously badged as “sustainable”. To address such issues and indeed to promote management of trees and woods which is genuinely sustainable requires effective strategic thinking and the necessary resources. Observations and studies suggest that the prerequisites may be significantly lacking. Hand, Rix, Stokes, and Doick (2022) examined issues of woodland strategies and policies through an in-depth study of local authorities in England. In a wide-ranging review, they found a mix of forward-thinking strategic documents and ones dealing primarily with policy and implementation but without longer-term visions. However, what they also highlight is that many if not most local authorities are seriously under-resourced. With current political and economic climates, it is unlikely that this situation will improve, at least in the short term. I suggest, therefore, that these findings along with wider observations indicate a serious disconnect between central government and departmental statements and policies on trees, woodlands, urban environments, climate issues, and community-led actions to address these, and the reality on the ground. Local government services are at the heart of addressing matters such as climate change, climate resilience, and flood alleviation, but they lack the critical resources to bring about much-needed change. The third paper of this issue is by Khalilnezhad, Russo, and Jannatif (2022), and this raises a further matter of interest in urban zones of the origins and functions (now and historically) of botanical gardens and similar landscapes. Changing functions from food supply for edible purposes to ornamental gardens for leisure and pleasure triggers both challenges and opportunities for the present and the future. This is a theme which might be re-visited by future papers in the journal. Arboricultural Journal 2022, VOL. 44, NO. 4, 181–182 https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2022.2140546","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"169 1","pages":"181 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80598128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/03071375.2022.2092349
Abhishek Nandal, S. Yadav, A. A. Khuroo, A. S. Rao, Neetu Singh, Ashmita Chhikara
ABSTRACT The university campuses in the Global South (low- and middle-income countries of the world) harbour a significant proportion of the trees outside forests which furnish precious ecosystem services. In this study, we conducted field surveys to document the tree flora in the campus of Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana), India. We documented 35,184 trees belonging to 66 species in 29 families from the campus. Eucalyptus globulus was the most dominant tree species with 13,932 individuals and Fabaceae was the most speciose family. Nearly 60% of tree species in the campus were native. The mean height (m) and circumference at breast height (cm) for the tree flora were 6.51 ± 0.21 and 50.93 ± 1.11, respectively. The overall tree density on the campus was around 140 trees/ha, mean density 2.11 ± 0.87, and the average basal area 0.021 ± 0.0009 m2/tree. The values for Simpson’s, Shannon, Margalef’s and Pielou’s evenness indices were 0.18, 2.51, 6.21 and 0.6 respectively. The campus trees provide valuable ecosystem services with food and medicinal uses, ornamental and shade values being the dominant. Our findings will guide policy on urban environmental sustainability in the educational campuses in India – the second most populous country in the Global South.
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