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Senior Citizens Expressing Acute Mental Symptoms: Urgent Need for Support and Treatment is Not Identified in the Community 表现出急性精神症状的老年人:在社区中没有确定对支持和治疗的迫切需要
Pub Date : 2016-09-29 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000341
Kirsti Kähärä, J. Valvanne, J. Grönlund, K. Mattila
Background: The intention was to study the reactions to mental symptoms in older people in a rural community and assess how such people would obtain appropriate support in the local service system. Methods: A postal questionnaire study was conducted in the rural Suupohja area in Finland. The target groups were a randomized sample of residents aged 15–84 (n = 1200), local social and healthcare personnel (n = 463) and politicians (n = 148). The response rates were 45%, 61% and 55% respectively. A case of an elderly woman with mental symptoms was described. People were asked about alternatives in identifying the need for treatment as well as the urgency of the treatment and the location where the intervention should take place.Results: Of residents, 69%, of politicians 76% and of health and social staff 76% recognized that elderly citizens needed urgent support and treatment. According to logistic regression, a significant association was found in the resident cohort between the need for urgent support and age over 50 years (OR 2.7). A total of 70% of the inhabitants, 90% of the social and healthcare staff and 69% of the politicians estimated that appropriate care would be obtained in the home care unit.Conclusion: In this study, nearly onethird of the residents were found to be unaware of the urgent need for treatment of senior citizens. It is a challenge to increase the alertness and sensitivity of the population to recognize acute mental symptoms. The healthcare system should improve understanding and cooperation between the community, the healthcare professionals, and local politicians.
背景:目的是研究农村社区老年人对精神症状的反应,并评估这些人如何在当地服务系统中获得适当的支持。方法:采用邮寄问卷法对芬兰苏波加农村地区进行调查。目标群体是随机抽样的15-84岁居民(n = 1200)、当地社会和卫生保健人员(n = 463)和政治家(n = 148)。应答率分别为45%、61%和55%。报告了一位老年妇女出现精神症状的病例。人们被问及在确定治疗的必要性、治疗的紧迫性和应该进行干预的地点方面的其他选择。结果:69%的居民、76%的政治家和76%的卫生和社会工作人员认识到老年公民需要紧急支持和治疗。根据logistic回归,在住院队列中发现紧急支持需求与50岁以上年龄之间存在显著关联(OR 2.7)。总共有70%的居民、90%的社会和保健工作人员以及69%的政治家估计,在家庭护理单位可以获得适当的护理。结论:本研究发现,近三分之一的居民不了解老年人治疗的迫切性。提高人们对急性精神症状的警觉性和敏感性是一项挑战。卫生保健系统应增进社区、卫生保健专业人员和地方政治家之间的理解和合作。
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引用次数: 0
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Are We in Times of A Crisis or Between Crises? 新的精神活性物质(NPS):我们是处于危机时期还是处于危机之间?
Pub Date : 2016-09-28 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000E340
Ahmed. Y. Ali
Mankind has been experimenting with substances since time immemorial. Betel nuts from Timor, ancient Inca coca leaves, the Pharaohs “brewed alcohol” are only few ancient examples. More recently experimentation led the same species to concentrate on the qualities of some “blockbusters” like Tobacco, Cannabis, opium and cocaine. This success led to mass production and profiteering with shipping lines established between continents, wars waged between nations and criminal gangs terrorizing neighborhoods to secure delivery of these substances to afflicted members of the species with dire consequences.
自古以来,人类就一直在试验各种物质。来自东帝汶的槟榔、古印加的古柯叶、法老“酿造的酒精”都是古代为数不多的例子。最近的实验使同一物种专注于一些“重磅炸弹”的品质,如烟草、大麻、鸦片和可卡因。这一成功导致了大规模生产,并通过在大陆之间建立航运公司牟取暴利,国家之间发动战争,犯罪团伙恐吓邻里,以确保将这些物质运送给受折磨的物种成员,带来可怕的后果。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment and Management of Job Stress in Emergency Nurses: a Preliminary Study 急诊护士工作压力评估与管理的初步研究
Pub Date : 2016-08-12 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000349
G. d'Ettorre, Chiara Maselli, Mariarita Greco, V. Pellicani
Background: The continuously technological and organizational changes actually involving the healthcare sector is resulting in increased workload for nurses employed in Emergency Department (ED). In fact the nurses of ED appear particularly vulnerable to be exposed to work related stress (WRS) and to experiment its effects. A special effort is required to moderate the impact of WRS on ED nurses. Methods: the authors ruled 75 (24 M; 51 F) nurses working in a public Hospital Emergency Department of National Health Service (NHS), in Salento, Italy, and 72 (23 M; 49 F) administrative workers of the same NHS. The study included two phases: the first phase was focused on the evaluation of psychological stress through the administration of subjective questionnaire, the Rapid Stress Assessment scale of Tarsitani and Biondi to both the ED nurses and administrative workers. The second phase of the study was focused on the evaluation of objective stress and was conducted according to the multidimensional validated tool developed by the Italian Network for the Prevention of Work-related Psychosocial Disorders. Results: In this study ED nurses showed a greater risk of WRS and evidenced higher scores of felt stress measured by RSA scale, specifically in the clusters of anxiety and depression, than administrative workers. Among ED nurses, the main issues related to objective WRS were found in the work context and content areas and required organizational interventions aimed to minimize the impact of WRS on the nurses. Conclusion: the study showed the need of organizational interventions targeted to improve the team development, decision making policies and processes, jointly to safety training programs aimed to assist ED nurses to adopt constructive stress coping strategies. By the preliminary results of this study, is evidenced the effectiveness of these interventions in order to minimize the impact of objective WRS on ED nurses.
背景:持续的技术和组织的变化实际上涉及医疗保健部门是导致增加的工作量护士雇用在急诊科(ED)。事实上,急诊科的护士似乎特别容易受到工作压力(WRS)的影响,并对其影响进行了实验。需要特别的努力来缓和WRS对急诊科护士的影响。方法:选取75 (24 M);51 F)在意大利萨伦托国家卫生服务(NHS)公立医院急诊科工作的护士;72 (23 M;(F)同一NHS的行政工作人员。研究分为两个阶段:第一阶段主要通过对急诊科护士和行政工作人员进行主观问卷、Tarsitani和Biondi快速压力评估量表的心理压力评估。研究的第二阶段侧重于客观压力的评估,并根据意大利预防与工作有关的社会心理障碍网络开发的多维有效工具进行。结果:在本研究中,急诊科护士比行政工作人员表现出更高的WRS风险,并且在RSA量表中表现出更高的压力感受得分,特别是在焦虑和抑郁集群中。在急诊科护士中,与客观WRS相关的主要问题是在工作环境和内容领域,需要组织干预,以尽量减少WRS对护士的影响。结论:研究表明,需要有针对性的组织干预,以改善团队发展,决策政策和流程,联合安全培训计划,以帮助急诊科护士采取建设性的压力应对策略。通过本研究的初步结果,证明了这些干预措施的有效性,以尽量减少客观WRS对急诊科护士的影响。
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引用次数: 10
The power of language: How words can affect tolerance and stigma 语言的力量:语言如何影响宽容和耻辱
Pub Date : 2016-08-05 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.C1.004
D. H. Granello
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引用次数: 0
Linking the evidence to advance health equity among individuals with mental illness 将证据联系起来,促进精神疾病患者的卫生公平
Pub Date : 2016-05-17 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.C1.006
Lisa Muirhead, Loretta North
T antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly used to treat a number of disorders, including neuropathic pain, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and others. The development of new antidepressant medications have reduced the use of TCAs but the incidence of TCA overdose remains significant, representing the seventh leading cause of toxic exposures in 2008. This case presentation identifies not only classic presenting symptoms of TCA overdose but also commonly overlooked early signs and symptoms including early EKG changes. Review of initial presenting symptoms and laboratory/EKG findings aid in the early recognition of TCA overdose in the non-ER/EMT setting.
抗抑郁药(TCAs)通常用于治疗多种疾病,包括神经性疼痛、重度抑郁症、强迫症等。新型抗抑郁药物的发展减少了TCA的使用,但TCA过量的发生率仍然很高,是2008年有毒接触的第七大原因。本病例的表现不仅确定了TCA过量的典型表现症状,而且确定了包括早期心电图改变在内的通常被忽视的早期体征和症状。回顾最初出现的症状和实验室/心电图检查结果有助于在非急诊/EMT情况下早期识别TCA过量。
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引用次数: 0
Substitute Addictions: Catching the Animagi and Throwing Away the Metamorphmagi 替代上瘾:捕捉阿尼马格斯和扔掉变形法师
Pub Date : 2015-11-30 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000E294
Ahmed. Y. Ali
“Not much hair. It looked black when he was born, but I swear it’s turned ginger in the hour since. Probably blonde by the time I got back.”Andromeda says Tonk’s hair started changing color the day that she was born. Remus Lupin on his infant son’s metamorphic abilities. Readers familiar with J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter fantasy novels will recognize “Metamorphmagi” as being a witch or wizard with the ability to change his or her physical appearance at will rather than requiring Polyjuice potion or a spell like the rest of the wizarding population. Similarly, Animagi also transform at will, but only into one animal form which is determined by their inner traits.
“头发不多。他出生的时候是黑色的,但我发誓一小时后就变成了姜黄色。我回来的时候可能已经是金发了。”仙女座说唐克的头发从她出生那天就开始变色了。莱姆斯·卢平谈论他幼小的儿子的变形能力。熟悉j.k.罗琳的奇幻小说《哈利波特》的读者会认出“变形法师”是指一个能够随意改变自己外表的巫师,而不是像其他巫师那样需要汤剂或咒语。同样,阿尼马吉也可以随意变形,但只能变成一种动物形式,这是由他们的内在特征决定的。
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引用次数: 3
Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction among Police Officers: An Understudied Topic 警察的同情疲劳与同情满意度:一个尚未充分研究的课题
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000259
J. Andersen, K. Papazoglou
Police officers routinely face critical incidents such as violent offenders, motor vehicle fatalities, and mistreated children (Cross & Ashley, 2004; Karlsson & Christianson, 2003). Police are tasked with keeping the peace and helping traumatized victims. Over time, the effort to alleviate the victims’ suffering may come with a cost. Charles Figley (1995) coined the term “compassion fatigue” (pp. 9) to describe this “cost of caring for those who suffer.” Compassion fatigue (CF) has multiple negative effects on caregiving professionals’ wellbeing and occupational performance.
警察经常面临严重事件,如暴力罪犯、机动车事故和虐待儿童(Cross & Ashley, 2004;Karlsson & Christianson, 2003)。警察的任务是维持和平,帮助受到创伤的受害者。随着时间的推移,减轻受害者痛苦的努力可能会付出代价。Charles Figley(1995)创造了“同情疲劳”一词(第9页)来描述这种“照顾受苦者的成本”。同情疲劳对护理专业人员的幸福感和职业绩效有多重负面影响。
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引用次数: 37
Mental Preparedness as a Pathway to Police Resilience and Optimal Functioning in the Line of Duty 心理准备是警察恢复力和最佳职能的途径
Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000243
J. Andersen, K. Papazoglou, B. Arnetz, Peter I. Collins
The idea of fostering ‘resilience’ among police and military personnel is a topic of growing interest (Andersen et al., 2015a; Cornum, Matthews, & Seligman, 2011; Reivich, Seligman, & McBride, 2011). This topic is particularly timely in light of recent media depictions of questionable use-of-force actions by police and the subsequent public retaliations against the police
在警察和军事人员中培养“弹性”的想法是一个越来越受关注的话题(Andersen等人,2015;Cornum, Matthews, & Seligman, 2011;Reivich, Seligman, & McBride, 2011)。鉴于最近媒体对警察可疑使用武力行动的描述以及随后公众对警察的报复,这个话题特别及时
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引用次数: 28
Professional trainings focused on family resilience 专业培训侧重于家庭恢复力
Pub Date : 2015-06-15 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.S1.003
S. Ferenczi, Judit Csákvári
T presentation demonstrates visual art therapy as a unique integrative approach to the multidimensional treatment of PTSD. This model offers unique contribution in three major areas: 1. working on traumatic memories; 2. the process of symbolization and integration; 3. providing unique qualities for containment, transference and counter transference. The artistic medium encourages the pictorial expression of the client’s inner experience enabling communication with the traumatic memory in its own language – shape, color and sensations. The medium allows dissociated, repressed materials stored in memory as visual images to reach consciousness, to be expressed and encountered. The symbolic image spontaneously emerging in the client’s work is the core of the healing process and has the ability to contain and bear the dissociative character of the trauma. Thus symbols evoked in the artistic products of victims help recode the traumatic event and turn a dissociated and isolated instance into an integrated part of the individual’s personality, connected associatively to other thoughts, feelings and times. In this way, a coherent biographical continuum is formed and the healing process can occur.
本文展示了视觉艺术治疗作为创伤后应激障碍多维治疗的一种独特的综合方法。该模型在三个主要领域做出了独特的贡献:1。研究创伤记忆;2. 符号化与整合的过程;3.提供独特的收容、转移和反转移特性。艺术媒介鼓励对客户内心体验的形象表达,以自己的语言——形状、颜色和感觉——与创伤记忆进行交流。媒介允许作为视觉图像存储在记忆中的分离、压抑的材料到达意识,被表达和遇到。在客户的作品中自发出现的象征性图像是治疗过程的核心,具有包含和承受创伤的分离特征的能力。因此,在受害者的艺术作品中唤起的符号有助于重新编码创伤性事件,并将一个分离和孤立的实例变成个人个性的一个完整部分,与其他思想、感情和时代联系在一起。通过这种方式,形成了一个连贯的传记连续体,愈合过程可以发生。
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引用次数: 0
Front-Line Worker Perspectives on Indigenous Youth Suicide in Central Australia: Contributors and Prevention Strategies 前线工作者对澳大利亚中部土著青年自杀的看法:贡献者和预防策略
Pub Date : 2015-04-20 DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000139
M. Lindeman, P. Kuipers, Laurencia Grant
This paper presents the perspectives of Central Australian workers in relation to Aboriginal youth suicide. Interviews were conducted as part of a project to develop a data collection system and referral pathway for Indigenous youth suicide and suicide attempts. Twenty-two in-depth interviews were conducted with a range of practitioners who have front-line contact in suicide related issues (such as police, primary health, community support, youth services). The interview schedule reflected the project aims, but the transcripts revealed a much broader consideration of the issue. This paper reports on a secondary analysis of the data. The two major themes of salient contributing factors and service prevention strategies provide insights into these workers’ attempts to understand and respond to this issue. There is a need to ensure workers develop and maintain strong networks, are well informed about local socio-cultural factors and skilled to work with local elders, traditional healers and community members, and are well supported in their roles to ensure longevity and relationships. The results contribute to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander suicide prevention sector with particular relevance for remote Australia.
这篇论文提出了中澳大利亚工人的观点与土著青年自杀。访谈是为土著青年自杀和企图自杀制定数据收集系统和转诊途径项目的一部分。与一系列在自杀相关问题(如警察、初级保健、社区支助、青年服务)方面有一线接触的从业人员进行了22次深入访谈。采访日程反映了该项目的目的,但笔录显示,对这个问题的考虑要广泛得多。本文报告了对数据的二次分析。突出的影响因素和服务预防策略这两大主题为这些工人提供了见解,试图理解和应对这一问题。有必要确保工人发展和维持强大的网络,充分了解当地的社会文化因素,熟练地与当地长老、传统治疗师和社区成员合作,并在他们的角色中得到良好的支持,以确保长寿和关系。该结果有助于土著和托雷斯海峡岛民自杀预防部门与偏远的澳大利亚特别相关。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience
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