Pub Date : 2016-11-14DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000345
M. Abouda, F. Yangui, S. Turki, M. Charfi
A 36-year-old non-obese woman consulted her physician for recent excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) at 13/24, morning headache and heavy snoring. Polysomnography revealed moderate mixed sleep apnea syndrome with an Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHI) of 23/h (Figure 1). Despite adequate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, the patient reported an aggravation of EDS and headache. A second polysomnography with CPAP, conclude to moderate complex sleep apnea syndrome by revealing the persistence of numerous central sleep apnea (AHI of 21/h) but no evidence of obstructive events. The patient reported a sensation of unrefreshing sleep and EDS (ESS at 17/24) with no symptoms suggesting cardiac failure, periodic limb movement disorder or narcolepsy. Physical examination, including neurologic and cardiac examinations, was normal. Routine blood tests, arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were performed and showed no significant abnormalities.
{"title":"Sleep apnea in Chiari I malformation","authors":"M. Abouda, F. Yangui, S. Turki, M. Charfi","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"A 36-year-old non-obese woman consulted her physician for recent excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) at 13/24, morning headache and heavy snoring. Polysomnography revealed moderate mixed sleep apnea syndrome with an Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHI) of 23/h (Figure 1). Despite adequate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, the patient reported an aggravation of EDS and headache. A second polysomnography with CPAP, conclude to moderate complex sleep apnea syndrome by revealing the persistence of numerous central sleep apnea (AHI of 21/h) but no evidence of obstructive events. The patient reported a sensation of unrefreshing sleep and EDS (ESS at 17/24) with no symptoms suggesting cardiac failure, periodic limb movement disorder or narcolepsy. Physical examination, including neurologic and cardiac examinations, was normal. Routine blood tests, arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were performed and showed no significant abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134229855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-12DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000344
A. Davis, P. Bourne
Introduction: Providing a safe, supportive, and encouraging school environment is a social responsibility that parents delegate to lawmakers, teachers, and school administrators. It is in some respect a public right—or at least a perceived right—that the public has come to expect from its lawmakers, teachers, and administrators. Objectives: This research seeks to evaluate the role of Safe School Climate Coordinator in establishing a school climate programs and related policies to improve school safety and reduce bullying. Methods: The research employed the qualitative methodology from which six key themes emerged: mental health support; resource constraints; impact and influence of technology and social media; clear definition and distinction of bullying, harassment, and teasing; parental involvement and support; and importance and significance of the network’s culture. Nine participants from seven private schools in Connecticut took part in semi-structured interviews that were specially designed and conducted by the researchers. The nature of the interviews allowed participants to provide useful insights into the role they played in enhancing school climate by carefully developing and implementing policies and programs that reject violence and promote a school environment that is safe and conducive to learning. Findings: The administrators were involved in training teachers and staff in detecting bullying activities and to immediately address them if identified. In order to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants and any information that was shared during the discussion, no personally identifiable information was used. A three-letter code or initials was used to further mask the identity of the participants. Each school administrator contributed equally to the discussion and actively participated in the semi-structured interviews. Most were interested in the outcome and willingly agreed to provide input regarding the development and implementation of school safety and antibullying manual as a deliverable for this action research project. Conclusion: The Safe School Climate Coordinator role was examined to ascertain actions taken to improve school safety and prevent bullying activities. The results of this study highlighted the importance of robust policies and careful oversight by the school administrators in maintaining a safe and bully-free environment. A safe and nurturing school culture paired with strong leadership can positively influence the school’s environment resulting into improved academic successes and favorable behavioral outcomes of students.
{"title":"Implementing Effective Programs to Increase Safety and Reduce Bullying in Connecticut Private Schools, USA: A Policy Perspective","authors":"A. Davis, P. Bourne","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Providing a safe, supportive, and encouraging school environment is \u0000 a social responsibility that parents delegate to lawmakers, teachers, and school administrators. It is \u0000 in some respect a public right—or at least a perceived right—that the public has come to expect from \u0000 its lawmakers, teachers, and administrators. Objectives: This research seeks to evaluate the role of \u0000 Safe School Climate Coordinator in establishing a school climate programs and related policies \u0000 to improve school safety and reduce bullying. Methods: The research employed the qualitative \u0000 methodology from which six key themes emerged: mental health support; resource constraints; \u0000 impact and influence of technology and social media; clear definition and distinction of bullying, \u0000 harassment, and teasing; parental involvement and support; and importance and significance of \u0000 the network’s culture. Nine participants from seven private schools in Connecticut took part in \u0000 semi-structured interviews that were specially designed and conducted by the researchers. The \u0000 nature of the interviews allowed participants to provide useful insights into the role they played \u0000 in enhancing school climate by carefully developing and implementing policies and programs that \u0000 reject violence and promote a school environment that is safe and conducive to learning. Findings: The administrators were involved in training teachers and staff in detecting bullying activities and \u0000 to immediately address them if identified. In order to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the \u0000 participants and any information that was shared during the discussion, no personally identifiable \u0000 information was used. A three-letter code or initials was used to further mask the identity of \u0000 the participants. Each school administrator contributed equally to the discussion and actively \u0000 participated in the semi-structured interviews. Most were interested in the outcome and willingly \u0000 agreed to provide input regarding the development and implementation of school safety and antibullying \u0000 manual as a deliverable for this action research project. Conclusion: The Safe School \u0000 Climate Coordinator role was examined to ascertain actions taken to improve school safety and \u0000 prevent bullying activities. The results of this study highlighted the importance of robust policies and \u0000 careful oversight by the school administrators in maintaining a safe and bully-free environment. A \u0000 safe and nurturing school culture paired with strong leadership can positively influence the school’s \u0000 environment resulting into improved academic successes and favorable behavioral outcomes of \u0000 students.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000342
A. Figura, M. Rose
What is the problem? Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) refer to a group of chronic and acute medical diseases such as diabetes, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases considered not to require acute medical care and hospitalization if timely and appropriate primary respective ambulatory care is received (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2001). ACSC-related hospitalizations and early rehospitalizations (≤ 30 days of discharge) are common and extremely costly in western countries (Galarraga, Mutter & Pines, 2015). Subsequently, interest is increasing in understanding the risk factors for potentially preventable acute care hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits for ACSC among a growing aging and multimorbid population. Next to patient characteristics such as demographic factors and socioeconomic status, health status (e.g., comorbidities) as well as adherence of medication and healthcare utilization, (Folsom et al., 2005; Robinson, Howie-Esquivel & Vlahov, 2012; Yoon et al., 2012; Davydow et al., 2014; Davydow et al., 2016), comorbid mental illness is thought to play a central role.
有什么问题吗?对流动护理敏感的病症(ACSC)是指一组慢性和急性医学疾病，如糖尿病、肺病和心血管疾病，如果得到及时和适当的初级流动护理，则被认为不需要急性医疗护理和住院治疗(卫生保健研究和质量局，2001年)。与acsc相关的住院和早期再住院(出院≤30天)在西方国家很常见，而且费用极高(Galarraga, Mutter & Pines, 2015)。随后，在日益老龄化和多病人群中，了解ACSC的潜在可预防的急性护理住院和急诊(ED)就诊的风险因素的兴趣日益增加。除了人口因素和社会经济地位等患者特征之外，健康状况(如合并症)以及药物依从性和医疗保健利用(Folsom等人，2005年;Robinson, Howie-Esquivel & Vlahov, 2012;Yoon et al.， 2012;Davydow等人，2014;Davydow等人，2016)，共病性精神疾病被认为起着核心作用。
{"title":"Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Conditions and Mental Health Disorders: A Short Overview of the Current State of Research","authors":"A. Figura, M. Rose","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000342","url":null,"abstract":"What is the problem? Ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) refer to a group of chronic and acute medical diseases such as diabetes, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases considered not to require acute medical care and hospitalization if timely and appropriate primary respective ambulatory care is received (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2001). ACSC-related hospitalizations and early rehospitalizations (≤ 30 days of discharge) are common and extremely costly in western countries (Galarraga, Mutter & Pines, 2015). Subsequently, interest is increasing in understanding the risk factors for potentially preventable acute care hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits for ACSC among a growing aging and multimorbid population. Next to patient characteristics such as demographic factors and socioeconomic status, health status (e.g., comorbidities) as well as adherence of medication and healthcare utilization, (Folsom et al., 2005; Robinson, Howie-Esquivel & Vlahov, 2012; Yoon et al., 2012; Davydow et al., 2014; Davydow et al., 2016), comorbid mental illness is thought to play a central role.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131169195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000343
Arghya Pal
A film is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images. Since its advent, other than being a mode of entertainment and a popular industry, it has been an important weapon of dispersal of information and spreading propaganda. It is well known that the representation of the psychiatric disorders in films has a profound effect on the perception of mental disorders to the public (Orchowski, Spickard & McNamara, 2006). Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that is associated with significant stigma and negative perception among the lay public (VidoviA, BreciA, VilibiA & JukiA, 2016). Considering this, the way schizophrenia has been portrayed in films will be interesting to look at and has been a focus of research.
{"title":"Schizophrenia in the Silver Screen: Beyond the Love-Hate Relationship","authors":"Arghya Pal","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"A film is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images. Since its advent, other than being a mode of entertainment and a popular industry, it has been an important weapon of dispersal of information and spreading propaganda. It is well known that the representation of the psychiatric disorders in films has a profound effect on the perception of mental disorders to the public (Orchowski, Spickard & McNamara, 2006). Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that is associated with significant stigma and negative perception among the lay public (VidoviA, BreciA, VilibiA & JukiA, 2016). Considering this, the way schizophrenia has been portrayed in films will be interesting to look at and has been a focus of research.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130615925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-07DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000346
T. Oliveira, V. Marinho, Francisco Magalhãos, K. Rocha, Jéssica Ribeiro, Monara Nunes, Fern, António Sousa, Giovanny R. Pinto, S. Teixeira
The circadian rhythm and the serotonergic system have anatomical connections and convergent functional association influencing the functioning of the central nervous system. Serotonin is present in several areas of the brain that regulate the circadian rhythm and deregulations in the levels of dopamine have been associated with neurological disorders such as autism, depression, and anxiety. New discoveries have been made about the association of serotonin and circadian rhythm. Thus, the objective of the study was to address the clinical advances on the interaction of these two systems. For this, a bibliographic review in databases Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs and Cochrane was carried out, in which 40 full articles were used. Through genetic, physiological and clinical evidence, the 5-HT and circadian systems of the brain are connected to each other and converge to regulate affective behaviors and pathologies. Rates ever-increasing related to use of selective inhibitors of serotonin reuptake and other drug classes of serotonergic influences are observed, as well as an increasing prevalence of circadian disorders, especially linked to sleep problems.
{"title":"Clinical Advances of Recent Discoveries about the Interaction between Circadian and Serotoninergic Systems","authors":"T. Oliveira, V. Marinho, Francisco Magalhãos, K. Rocha, Jéssica Ribeiro, Monara Nunes, Fern, António Sousa, Giovanny R. Pinto, S. Teixeira","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"The circadian rhythm and the serotonergic system have anatomical connections and \u0000 convergent functional association influencing the functioning of the central nervous system. Serotonin is present in several areas of the brain that regulate the circadian rhythm and deregulations in the \u0000 levels of dopamine have been associated with neurological disorders such as autism, depression, and \u0000 anxiety. New discoveries have been made about the association of serotonin and circadian rhythm. \u0000 Thus, the objective of the study was to address the clinical advances on the interaction of these \u0000 two systems. For this, a bibliographic review in databases Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs and Cochrane \u0000 was carried out, in which 40 full articles were used. Through genetic, physiological and clinical \u0000 evidence, the 5-HT and circadian systems of the brain are connected to each other and converge \u0000 to regulate affective behaviors and pathologies. Rates ever-increasing related to use of selective \u0000 inhibitors of serotonin reuptake and other drug classes of serotonergic influences are observed, as \u0000 well as an increasing prevalence of circadian disorders, especially linked to sleep problems.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000339
L. Boardman
Introduction: Nursing programs often experience attrition due to the rigor of their curriculum. Resilience is a key tool for success with any venture in a person’s life. Building resiliency in nursing students may improve program completion. Educating students regarding the concepts of self-efficacy and self-regulation, and having them complete exercises using these techniques, can pave the way to student success. Method: A cohort of 40 baccalaureate nursing students completed a 13 week pilot study completing interventions designed to increase resiliency. A pre-test/post-test design was used for data collection. Results: Data analysis revealed an overall increase in resiliency scores. Conclusion: Further duplication of this study should include a longitudinal study over multiple cohorts of nursing students. Students and educators benefit from engaging in techniques aimed at improving self-efficacy and self-regulation. The findings of this study support interventions aimed at building resiliency in nursing students.
{"title":"Building Resilience in Nursing Students: Implementing Techniques to Foster Success","authors":"L. Boardman","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nursing programs often experience attrition due to the rigor of their \u0000 curriculum. Resilience is a key tool for success with any venture in a person’s life. Building resiliency \u0000 in nursing students may improve program completion. Educating students regarding the concepts \u0000 of self-efficacy and self-regulation, and having them complete exercises using these techniques, can \u0000 pave the way to student success. Method: A cohort of 40 baccalaureate nursing students completed \u0000 a 13 week pilot study completing interventions designed to increase resiliency. A pre-test/post-test \u0000 design was used for data collection. Results: Data analysis revealed an overall increase in resiliency \u0000 scores. Conclusion: Further duplication of this study should include a longitudinal study over \u0000 multiple cohorts of nursing students. Students and educators benefit from engaging in techniques \u0000 aimed at improving self-efficacy and self-regulation. The findings of this study support interventions \u0000aimed at building resiliency in nursing students.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129786431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000336
T. Pugh
The primary objective of the Australian Peer Support Mandate and the community it represents is to build a value based body of evidence. Guiding policy and legislation by researching alternative methods of delivering mental health services through the use of surveys, peer forums, open conferences and meetings relative to the great need of providing better outcomes for those experiencing mental health issues ensuring their treatment options and outcomes are relevant and suitable to each individual consumers particular needs and/or requirements at the time and that such are being met.
{"title":"Recovered Lives with Hope: A Complete Resource Manual Outlining the Better Management of the Mentally Ill Within Policy, Guidelines and Initiative Main-Frames","authors":"T. Pugh","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000336","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the Australian Peer Support Mandate and the community it represents is to build a value based body of evidence. Guiding policy and legislation by researching alternative methods of delivering mental health services through the use of surveys, peer forums, open conferences and meetings relative to the great need of providing better outcomes for those experiencing mental health issues ensuring their treatment options and outcomes are relevant and suitable to each individual consumers particular needs and/or requirements at the time and that such are being met.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127973606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000338
Focquaert Farah
The current academic debate on moral bio-enhancement focuses largely on the use of neuro-interventions for offenders or forensic patients who are suffering from various cognitive, motivational and emotional impairments. As such impairments may involve risk factors for various kinds of immoral behaviour (e.g., sexual crimes, violence, and racism) moral bio-enhancement might provide a welcome solution (Douglas, 2008; Carter, 2016). It is obvious that a focus on individuals with cognitive, motivational and emotional impairments that constitute risk factors for immoral behaviour is a much more pressing ethical concern than a focus on the enhancement of individuals that possess normal moral decision-making skills and behaviour. Making individuals with normal moral decision-making skills more moral should be lower on our priority list compared to reducing violent and sexually deviant immoral behaviour. However, a host of important questions remain unanswered. (1) Is it desirable and in any way helpful to coin interventions or therapies for offenders with mental health problems under the umbrella of moral enhancement. What do we gain by describing these as (a) medically indicated moral enhancement interventions or as (b) biomedical interventions aimed at morally enhancing offenders and forensic patients. (2) How likely is the currently envisioned moral bio-enhancement project to succeed? Will such interventions be effective in reducing recidivism rates? Do forensic psychiatrists and psychologists welcome the use of biomedical (moral enhancement) interventions for offenders and forensic patients with mental disorders?
{"title":"Moral Bio-Enhancement for Offenders with Mental Disorders","authors":"Focquaert Farah","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000338","url":null,"abstract":"The current academic debate on moral bio-enhancement focuses largely on the use of neuro-interventions for offenders or forensic patients who are suffering from various cognitive, motivational and emotional impairments. As such impairments may involve risk factors for various kinds of immoral behaviour (e.g., sexual crimes, violence, and racism) moral bio-enhancement might provide a welcome solution (Douglas, 2008; Carter, 2016). It is obvious that a focus on individuals with cognitive, motivational and emotional impairments that constitute risk factors for immoral behaviour is a much more pressing ethical concern than a focus on the enhancement of individuals that possess normal moral decision-making skills and behaviour. Making individuals with normal moral decision-making skills more moral should be lower on our priority list compared to reducing violent and sexually deviant immoral behaviour. However, a host of important questions remain unanswered. (1) Is it desirable and in any way helpful to coin interventions or therapies for offenders with mental health problems under the umbrella of moral enhancement. What do we gain by describing these as (a) medically indicated moral enhancement interventions or as (b) biomedical interventions aimed at morally enhancing offenders and forensic patients. (2) How likely is the currently envisioned moral bio-enhancement project to succeed? Will such interventions be effective in reducing recidivism rates? Do forensic psychiatrists and psychologists welcome the use of biomedical (moral enhancement) interventions for offenders and forensic patients with mental disorders?","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128903814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000337
Abdelaziz A. Omer, Rania Me Hassan, Ahmed Yousif Ali
Aims: Hayat Center was launched in 2014 as the first specialized addiction treatment facility is Sudan. Since little is known about alcohol and illicit drug use in the country, our aim was to identify the demographics, types of drugs used medical and psychiatric comorbidities among the first 100 patients seen at the center. To our knowledge this is the first study to address this outcome from Sudan. Method: Data was collected retrospectively, using a structured questionnaire, from the first 100 patients who were seen at the center. Statistical methods used were frequency distribution, percentages and the arithmetic mean. Findings: The patients were predominantly male (95%). Age group 20-40 years represented 76% of the sample, 90% of them were from the capital, Greater Khartoum. An alarming 76% were either college or university graduates. 83% were single, 57% reported alcohol use, and 75% had used cannabis, 37% opioids and 28% Benzodiazepines. Conclusion: This was a small sample and although it is difficult to generalize any findings from it, the data suggest alcohol and drug use affect a young and educated group, and the types of substances used are quite alarming. Demand reduction services need support with a pressing need for capacity building and training of specialists in addiction treatment. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of the problem and allocate funds for treatment services.
{"title":"Socio-demographic Characteristics and Types of Illicit Drugs Usedin Sudan, A Hayat Rehabilitation Center Experience","authors":"Abdelaziz A. Omer, Rania Me Hassan, Ahmed Yousif Ali","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000337","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Hayat Center was launched in 2014 as the first specialized addiction treatment facility is Sudan. Since little is known about alcohol and illicit drug use in the country, our aim was to identify the demographics, types of drugs used medical and psychiatric comorbidities among the first 100 patients seen at the center. To our knowledge this is the first study to address this outcome from Sudan. Method: Data was collected retrospectively, using a structured questionnaire, from the first 100 patients who were seen at the center. Statistical methods used were frequency distribution, percentages and the arithmetic mean. Findings: The patients were predominantly male (95%). Age group 20-40 years represented 76% of the sample, 90% of them were from the capital, Greater Khartoum. An alarming 76% were either college or university graduates. 83% were single, 57% reported alcohol use, and 75% had used cannabis, 37% opioids and 28% Benzodiazepines. Conclusion: This was a small sample and although it is difficult to generalize any findings from it, the data suggest alcohol and drug use affect a young and educated group, and the types of substances used are quite alarming. Demand reduction services need support with a pressing need for capacity building and training of specialists in addiction treatment. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of the problem and allocate funds for treatment services.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114582307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-10DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000335
Lawrence Mundia, Rohani Matzin, Salwa Mahalle, Malai Hayati Sheikh Hamid, Ratna Suriani Osman
The survey investigated the recidivism problem in a random sample of Brunei prisoners (N = 64) representing both genders. Overall, there were more recidivists than firsttime offenders on all the three major crimes (theft, drugs, and sex offenses). The relapse cases were overrepresented in the 36-40 age-group. Offending and re-offending occurred almost at the same rate in married and non-married inmates. Both groups cited the need to support dependent relatives as one of the main reasons for stealing. Four variables (interpersonal-sensitivity, lifestyle, parents’ marital status, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) were significantly related to recidivism, all at p<0.05 level. Of these, the best predictor of recidivism was interpersonal-sensitivity (OR = 1.199; 95% CI for OR = 1.028 - 1.398; p<0.05). Inmates who scored high on the interpersonalsensitivity variable (lack of sensitivity when dealing with other people) were 1.2 times more likely to reoffend and be re-imprisoned upon release. Sex offenses were 28 times more likely to be repeated by perpetrators upon release. The likelihood of drug and stealing offenses to recurr was 10.9 and 7.4 times respectively. Preventive, community-based, and in-prison interventions were recommended to address the convicts’ recidivism, labeling, stigma, and discrimination problems to facilitate reintegration. Large-scale mixed-methods research was suggested to gain additional insights and solutions.
该调查调查了文莱囚犯(N = 64)的再犯问题，这些囚犯代表男女。总的来说，在所有三种主要犯罪(盗窃、毒品和性犯罪)中，累犯都比初犯多。复发病例在36-40岁年龄组中比例过高。已婚和未婚囚犯的犯罪率和再犯罪率几乎相同。两组人都认为需要赡养亲戚是偷窃的主要原因之一。人际关系敏感性、生活方式、父母婚姻状况、强迫症4个变量与再犯有显著相关，p<0.05水平。其中，人际关系敏感性是再犯的最佳预测因子(OR = 1.199;95% CI OR = 1.028 - 1.398;p < 0.05)。在人际关系敏感性(与他人打交道时缺乏敏感性)这一变量上得分高的囚犯再次犯罪和出狱后再次入狱的可能性要高出1.2倍。性犯罪在释放后重犯的可能性是罪犯的28倍。毒品和偷窃犯罪再次发生的可能性分别为10.9和7.4倍。建议采取预防性、基于社区和监狱的干预措施，以解决罪犯的累犯、标签、污名化和歧视问题，促进他们重返社会。建议进行大规模的混合方法研究，以获得更多的见解和解决方案。
{"title":"Recidivism in Brunei Inmates â Estimating the Rates and PredictingReoffending","authors":"Lawrence Mundia, Rohani Matzin, Salwa Mahalle, Malai Hayati Sheikh Hamid, Ratna Suriani Osman","doi":"10.4172/1522-4821.1000335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000335","url":null,"abstract":"The survey investigated the recidivism problem in a random sample of Brunei prisoners (N = 64) representing both genders. Overall, there were more recidivists than firsttime offenders on all the three major crimes (theft, drugs, and sex offenses). The relapse cases were overrepresented in the 36-40 age-group. Offending and re-offending occurred almost at the same rate in married and non-married inmates. Both groups cited the need to support dependent relatives as one of the main reasons for stealing. Four variables (interpersonal-sensitivity, lifestyle, parents’ marital status, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) were significantly related to recidivism, all at p<0.05 level. Of these, the best predictor of recidivism was interpersonal-sensitivity (OR = 1.199; 95% CI for OR = 1.028 - 1.398; p<0.05). Inmates who scored high on the interpersonalsensitivity variable (lack of sensitivity when dealing with other people) were 1.2 times more likely to reoffend and be re-imprisoned upon release. Sex offenses were 28 times more likely to be repeated by perpetrators upon release. The likelihood of drug and stealing offenses to recurr was 10.9 and 7.4 times respectively. Preventive, community-based, and in-prison interventions were recommended to address the convicts’ recidivism, labeling, stigma, and discrimination problems to facilitate reintegration. Large-scale mixed-methods research was suggested to gain additional insights and solutions.","PeriodicalId":358022,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125607267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：